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A further investigation to mechanism of the electrorheological effect of waxy oils:Behaviors of charged particles under electric field

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petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1247-1254页

作者： Yi-Wei Xie Hong-Ying Li Chao-Yue Zhang Yang Su Qian Huang Feng Jiang Chao-Hui Chen Shan-Peng Han Jin-Jun Zhang national engineering Research Center of oil and gas pipeline Transportation safety China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China moe key laboratory of petroleum engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Beijing key laboratory of urban oil&gas distribution technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petrochina Planning and engineering Institute Beijing 100083China

Exposing waxy oils to an electric field may significantly improve their cold flowability.Our previous study has shown that interfacial polarization,i.e.,charged particle accumulation on the wax particle surface,is the primary mechanism of the electrorheological behavior of waxy oils.However,the way that charged particles interact with wax particles under an electric field remains unknown.In this study,we found no viscosity and impedance change for two waxy crude oils after their exposure to a high-voltage electric field.However,the yield stresses were reduced obviously.We thus proposed that the collision of colloidal particles such as resins and asphaltenes with the wax particles could be an essential mechanism that the wax particle structure was weakened.To verify this hypothesis,a series of ad hoc experiments were carried out,i.e.,by performing electrorheological tests on model waxy oils containing additives removable under an electric field,including electrically-neutral colloidal particles(Fe3O4),charged colloidal particles(resins),and oil-soluble electrolyte(C22H14CoO4),respectively,and demonstrated that upon application of a high-voltage electric field,charged particles in a waxy oil may move and thus collide with wax particles,and consequently adhere to the wax particle surface.The particle collision results in damage to the wax particle network,and the electrostatic repulsion arising from the adhesion of the charged particle on the wax particle diminishes attraction between wax particles.This study clarifies the process of interfacial polarization.

关键词： Waxy oil Electrorheological effect Interfacial polarization Charged particle motion

A liquid loading prediction method of gas pipeline based on machine learning

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petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 3004-3015页

作者： Bing-Yuan Hong Sheng-Nan Liu Xiao-Ping Li Di Fan Shuai-Peng Ji Si-Hang Chen Cui-Cui Li Jing Gong national-Local Joint engineering laboratory of Harbor oil&gas Storage and Transportation technology/Zhejiang Provincial key laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control School of Petrochemical Engineering and EnvironmentZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316022China national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety/moe key laboratory of petroleum engineering/Beijing key laboratory of urban oil and gas distribution technology China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China china Huadian Group Energy Co. Ltd.North China BranchTianjin300280China china petroleum engineering&Construction Corp Beijing100120China

The liquid loading is one of the most frequently encountered phenomena in the transportation of gas pipeline,reducing the transmission efficiency and threatening the flow assurance.However,most of the traditional mechanism models are semi-empirical models,and have to be resolved under different working conditions with complex calculation process.The development of big data technology and artificial intelligence provides the possibility to establish data-driven models.This paper aims to establish a liquid loading prediction model for natural gas pipeline with high generalization ability based on machine learning.First,according to the characteristics of actual gas pipeline,a variety of reasonable combinations of working conditions such as different gas velocity,pipe diameters,water contents and outlet pressures were set,and multiple undulating pipeline topography with different elevation differences was established.Then a large number of simulations were performed by simulator OLGA to obtain the data required for machine learning.After data preprocessing,six supervised learning algorithms,including support vector machine(SVM),decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),artificial neural network(ANN),plain Bayesian classification(NBC),and K nearest neighbor algorithm(KNN),were compared to evaluate the performance of liquid loading prediction.Finally,the RF and KNN with better performance were selected for parameter tuning and then used to the actual pipeline for liquid loading location prediction.Compared with OLGA simulation,the established data-driven model not only improves calculation efficiency and reduces workload,but also can provide technical support for gas pipeline flow assurance.

关键词： Liquid loading Data-driven method Machine learning gas pipeline Multiphase flow

Subsection and superposition method for reservoir formation damage evaluation of complex-structure wells

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petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1843-1856页

作者： Guan-Cheng Jiang Yi-Zheng Li Yin-Bo He Teng-Fei Dong Ke-Ming Sheng Zhe Sun Collge of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Bejing102249China State key laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringChina Universityof Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing102249China Calgary Centre for Innovative technology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada national engineering Research Center of oil&gas Drilling and Completion technology

Kinds of complex-structure wells can effectively improve production,which are widely used.However,in the process of drilling and completion,complex-structure wells with long drilling cycle and large exposed area of reservoir can lead to the fact that reservoir near wellbore is more vulnerable to the working fluid invasion,resulting in more serious formation damage.In order to quantitatively describe the reservoir formation damage in the construction of complex-structure well,taking the inclined well section as the research object,the coordinate transformation method and conformal transformation method are given according to the flow characteristics of reservoir near wellbore in anisotropic reservoir.Then the local skin factor in orthogonal plane of wellbore is deduced.Considering the un-even distribution of local skin factor along the wellbore,the oscillation decreasing model and empirical equation model of damage zone radius distribution along the wellbore direction are established and then the total skin factor model of the whole well is superimposed to realize the reservoir damage evaluation of complex-structure wells.Combining the skin factor model with the production model,the production of complex-structure wells can be predicted more accurately.The two field application cases show that the accuracy of the model can be more than 90%,which can also fully reflect the invasion characteristics of drilling and completion fluid in any well section of complex-structure wells in anisotropic reservoir,so as to further provide guidance for the scientific establish-ment of reservoir production system.

关键词： Complex-structure wells Reservoir formation damage Reservoir anisotropy Skin factor Production prediction model

gas liquid cylindrical cyclone flow regime identification using machine learning combined with experimental mechanism explanation

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petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 540-558页

作者： Zhao-Ming Yang Yu-Xuan He Qi Xiang Enrico Zio Li-Min He Xiao-Ming Luo Huai Su Ji Wang Jin-Jun Zhang national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety/moe key laboratory of petroleum engineering/Beijing key laboratory of urban oil and gas distribution technology China University of Petroleum-Beijing102249BeijingChina MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityCRCSophia AntipolisFrance Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa 3420156MilanoItaly College of pipeline and Civil engineering China University of Petroleum-East China266580QingdaoChina

The flow regimes of GLCC with horizon inlet and a vertical pipe are investigated in experiments,and the velocities and pressure drops data labeled by the corresponding flow regimes are collected.Combined with the flow regimes data of other GLCC positions from other literatures in existence,the gas and liquid superficial velocities and pressure drops are used as the input of the machine learning algorithms respectively which are applied to identify the flow regimes.The choosing of input data types takes the availability of data for practical industry fields into consideration,and the twelve machine learning algorithms are chosen from the classical and popular algorithms in the area of classification,including the typical ensemble models,SVM,KNN,Bayesian Model and MLP.The results of flow regimes identification show that gas and liquid superficial velocities are the ideal type of input data for the flow regimes identification by machine learning.Most of the ensemble models can identify the flow regimes of GLCC by gas and liquid velocities with the accuracy of 0.99 and more.For the pressure drops as the input of each algorithm,it is not the suitable as gas and liquid velocities,and only XGBoost and Bagging Tree can identify the GLCC flow regimes accurately.The success and confusion of each algorithm are analyzed and explained based on the experimental phenomena of flow regimes evolution processes,the flow regimes map,and the principles of algorithms.The applicability and feasibility of each algorithm according to different types of data for GLCC flow regimes identification are proposed.

关键词： gas liquid cylindrical cyclone Machine learning Flow regimes identification Mechanism explanation Algorithms

Experimental investigation of erosion rate for gas-solid two-phase flow in 304 stainless/L245 carbon steel

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petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 1347-1360页

作者： Bingyuan Hong Yanbo Li Xiaoping Li Gen Li ong Huang Shuaipeng Ji Weidong Li Jing Gong Jian Guo national-Local Joint engineering laboratory of Harbor oil&gas Storage and Transportation technology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution ControlZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316022PR China national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution TechnologyChina University of Petroleum-BeijingFuxue Road No.18Changping DistrictBeijing102249PR China CNOOC Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing100028PR China Pipechina North pipeline Company LangFang065000PR China College of Chemical engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108PR China

Erosion is one of the most concerning issues in pipeline flow assurance for the oil&gas pipeline industries,which can easily lead to wall thinning,perforation leakage,and other crucial safety risks to the steady operation of pipelines.In this research,a novel experimental device is designed to investigate the erosion characteristics of 304 stainless and L245 carbon steel in the gas-solid two-phase flow.Regarding the impacts on erosion rate,the typical factors such as gas velocity,impact angle,erosion time,particle material and target material are individually observed and comprehensive analyzed with the assistance of apparent morphology characterized via Scanning Electron Microscope.Experimental results show that the severest erosion occurs when the angle reaches approximate 30°whether eroded by type I or type II particles,which is observed in both two types of steel.Concretely,304 stainless steel and L245 carbon steel appear to be cut at low angles,and impacted at high angles to form erosion pits.In the steady operational state,the erosion rate is insensitive to the short erosion time and free from the influences caused by the“erosion latent period”.Based on the comparison between experimental data and numerical results generated by existing erosion models,a modified model with low tolerance(<3%),high feasibility and strong consistency is proposed to make an accurate prediction of the erosion in terms of two types of steel under various industrial conditions.

关键词： gas-solid flow Erosion 304 stainless L245 carbon steel Erosion model

Numerical simulation study on multiphase flow pattern of hydrate slurry

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petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3897-3917页

作者： Xiao-Fang Lv Feng Chen Jie Zhang Yang Liu Qian-Li Ma Hui Du Chuan-Shuo Wang Shi-Dong Zhou Bo-Hui Shi Shang-Fei Song Jing Gong Jiangsu key laboratory of oil and gas Storage&Transportation technology Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213016JiangsuChina china petroleum&Chemical Corporation Northwest oilfield Branch Petroleum Engineering Technology Research InstituteUrumqi830011XinjiangChina Sinopec Shengli oilﬁeld Company Dongying257001ShandongChina national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety/moe key laboratory of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum-Beijing102249BeijingChina

The research on the multiphase flow characteristics of hydrate slurry is the key to implementing the risk prevention and control technology of hydrate slurry in deep-water oil and gas mixed transportation system.This paper established a geometric model based on the high-pressure hydrate slurry experimental loop.The model was used to carry out simulation research on the flow characteristics of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow.The specific research is as follows:Firstly,the effects of factors such as slurry flow velocity,hydrate particle density,hydrate particle size,and hydrate volume fraction on the stratified smooth flow were specifically studied.Orthogonal test obtained particle size has the most influence on the particle concentration distribution.The slurry flow velocity is gradually increased based on stratified smooth flow.Various flow patterns were observed and their characteristics were analyzed.Secondly,increasing the slurry velocity to 2 m/s could achieve the slurry flow pattern of partial hydrate in the pipeline transition from stratified smooth flow to wavy flow.When the flow rate increases to 3 m/s,a violent wave forms throughout the entire loop.Based on wave flow,as the velocity increased to 4 m/s,and the flow pattern changed to slug flow.When the particle concentration was below 10%,the increase of the concentration would aggravate the slug flow trend;if the particle concentration was above 10%,the increase of the concentration would weaken the slug flow trend,the increase of particle density and liquid viscosity would weaken the tendency of slug flow.The relationship between the pressure drop gradients of several different flow patterns is:slug flow>wave flow>stratified smooth flow.

关键词： Hydrate slurry Numerical simulation Multiphase flow Flow field distribution Flow pattern transition

Development of an integrated dynamic model for supply security and resilience analysis of natural gas pipeline network systems

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petroleum Science 2022年第2期19卷 761-773页

作者： Huai Su Enrico Zio Zong-Jie Zhang Chang-Zheng Xiong Qian-Sheng Dai Qing-Wei Wu Jin-Jun Zhang national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety/moe key laboratory of petroleum engineering/Beijing key laboratory of urban oil and gas distribution technology China University of Petroleum-Beijing102249BeijingChina Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di MilanoVia La Masa 3420156MilanoItaly MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityCRCSophiaAntipolisFrance Pipechina West East gas pipeline Company Dongfushan Road 458Pudong District200122ShanghaiChina china Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute Heping Street 2Chaoyang District100013BeijingChina

An integrated dynamic model of natural gas pipeline networks is developed in this paper.Components for gas supply,e.g.,pipelines,junctions,compressor stations,LNG terminals,regulation stations and gas storage facilities are included in the model.These components are firstly modeled with respect to their properties and functions and,then,integrated at the system level by Graph Theory.The model can be used for simulating the system response in different scenarios of operation,and evaluate the consequences from the perspectives of supply security and resilience.A case study is considered to evaluate the accuracy of the model by benchmarking its results against those from literature and the software pipeline Studio.Finally,the model is applied on a relatively complex natural gas pipeline network and the results are analyzed in detail from the supply security and resilience points of view.The main contributions of the paper are:firstly,a novel model of a complex gas pipeline network is proposed as a dynamic state-space model at system level;a method,based on the dynamic model,is proposed to analyze the security and resilience of supply from a system perspective.

关键词： Natural gas pipeline networks Dynamic modeling State space model Graph theory Resilience of natural gas supply

Numerical Simulation on oil Spilling of Submarine pipeline and Its Evolution on Sea Surface

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2020年第9期124卷 885-914页

作者： Yi Wang Mohan Lin national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution TechnologyChina University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Due to the interaction and corrosion of the seawater,submarine pipelines are easy to be broken to spill oil.The special environment of subsea restricts the technical development of pipeline maintenance.Therefore,the study on the oil spilling model of submarine pipeline is very important for predicting the movement and diffusion of spilled oil,so that oil spilling traces and relating strategies can be determined.This paper aims to establish an oil spilling model of a submarine pipeline,study the movement characteristics of spilled oil in seawater by numerical simulation,and determine the traces,diffusion range,time to sea surface,etc.Then,the maximum horizontal migration distance(MHMD)with corresponding time are analyzed under different oil densities,spilling speeds and seawater velocities.Results show that the MHMD decreases first and then increases while the time to achieve the MHMD increases along with increasing oil density.The MHMD increases while the time to achieve the MHMD decreases,along with increasing spilling speed.Both the MHMD and corresponding time increase along with increasing seawater velocity.Based on numerical results,a correlation of spilling distance and spilling time is proposed to give fast and accurate predictions.After the oil reaches sea surface,oil expansion and transport are simulated.Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulation.Dynamic and non-dynamic factors are considered.Results show that wind velocity and water velocity are dominant in dynamic factors.When they are large,spilled oil moves very fast with variable directions in complex flow field.Nondynamic factors such as evaporation,emulsion and solution mainly reduce the volume of oil film.They almost do not affect the direction and displacement of spilled oil.Quick response should be made for large wind and water velocities when the placement of oil boom is given.With the correlation and simulation,emergency responses can be guided effectively to reduce the impact of submarine oil pollution.The computational results benefit p

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics submarine pipeline oil spilling pollution control environmental protection

Probing surface interactions of underwater oleophobic polyelectrolyte multilayers

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petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 307-321页

作者： Kai Li Wei Wang Zhi-Peng Yu Hang Jin Yun-Tong Ge Wei-Wei Gao Fan Xiao Hui-Rong Huang Ze-Heng Peng Jing Gong national engineering laboratory for pipeline safety MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution TechnologyChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China key laboratory of Environmental Protection technology on Water Transport Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport EngineeringTianjin 300456China

In the present work,the interaction mechanism of specific polyelectrolyte multilayers(PEMs),fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride(PDDA)and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)(PSS),is studied using atomic force microscopy.The underwater oil-repellency of PS S-capped PEMs was further explored by measuring the interaction forces between tetradecane droplets and PEMs-coated silica substrates under various salinities.The force curves were analyzed following the Stokes-Reynolds-Young-Laplace theoretical model.Desirable consistency was achieved between the experimental and theoretical calculations at low NaCl concentrations(0.1 mM and 1 mM);however,underestimation of the attractive force was found as the NaCl concentration increases to moderate(10 mM)and high(100 mM)levels.Discrepancy analyses and incorporated features toward a reduced surface charge density were considered based on the previous findings of the orientation of anionic benzenesulfonate moieties(Liu et al.in Angew Chem Int Ed 54(16):4851-4856,2015.https://***/10.1002/anie.201411992).Short-range steric hindrance interactions were further introduced to simulate"brush"effect stemming from nanoscale surface roughness.It is demonstrated in our work that the PSS-capped PEMs remains a stable underwater lipophobicity against high salinity,which renders it potential application in surface wetting modification and anti-fouling.

关键词： Lipophobicity Salinity AFM Polyelectrolyte multilayers Surface roughness