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Size analysis of slag eye formed by gas blowing in ladle refining

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第3期24卷 243-250页

作者： Ning-ning Lv Liu-shun Wu Hai-chuan Wang Yuan-chi Dong Chang Su School of Metallurgical engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243032 Anhui China Key laboratory of Metallurgical emission reduction & Resources Recycling Ministry of Education Ma' anshan 243002 AnhuiChina

The formation of slag eye in a gas stirred ladle was studied through cold models and industrial trials. In the cold model,water and sodium tungstate solution were employed to simulate liquid steel,and silicon oil was employed to simulate slag. The simulation results revealed that the gas flow rate and bath height had strong effects on the slag eye size. In particular,the thickness of slag layer played a strong role in the slag eye size. In addition,the slag eye could not be formed when the thickness of the top layer was more than 4 cm in water-silicone oil ***,the section area of vessel had a great impact on the slag eye size. Industrial trials results showed a similar trend that the gas flow rate was very significant on the slag eye size. The predictions of the existing models showed larger predictions deviations compared with the experimental data. Moreover,a new model without fitting parameters was developed based on force balance and mathematical derivation,and verified by the experimental data. The new model provides the prediction with small deviations by comparing with the data acquired from cold models and industrial trials.

关键词： Slag eye Cold model Industrial trial Gas blowing Ladle refining

Interannual evolution of the chemical composition,sources and processes of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,China:Insights from observations in four winters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 32-45页

作者： Junke Zhang Jiaqi Li Yunfei Su Chunying Chen Luyao Chen Xiaojuan Huang Fangzheng Wang Yawen Huang Gehui Wang Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Department of Environmental Science&engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also *** studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China,during the most polluted season(winter).Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)decreased significantly year-by-year,from 195.8±91.0μg/m~3in winter 2016 to 96.1±39.3μg/m^(3)in winter *** mass concentrations of organic matter(OM),SO_()4^(2-),NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased by 49.6%,57.1%,49.7% and 28.7%,*** differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO_(3)^(-)and there was a larger contribution from mobile *** contribution of OM and NO_(3)^(-)not only increased with increasing levels of pollution,but also increased year-by-year at the same level of *** sources of PM_(2.5)were identified:combustion sources,vehicular emissions,dust and secondary *** aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year,from 40.6%in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter *** contrast,the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%.Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants(e.g.,OM and NO_(3)^(-))and sources(secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions)in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical composition Sources Interannual evolution Winter Chengdu

Simulation research on oxygen mass transfer between steel and slag in IF steel refining process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第4期27卷 409-419页

作者： Ai-jun Deng Ding-dong Fan Hai-chuan Wang Can-hua Li School of Metallurgical engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan 243002AnhuiChina Key laboratory of Metallurgical emission reduction&Resource Recycling(Ministry of Education) Ma’anshan 243002AnhuiChina

The effects of oxidizing slag on oxygen mass transfer and inclusions in different stages of IF(interstitial-free)steel refining were investigated by several heat simulation *** results of the experiments showed that the oxidizability of slag changed considerably during different refining *** the content of FeO in the slag within 1 wt.%would narrow the difference of slag oxidizability,stabilize the content of[Al]s in the steel,avoid secondary oxidation of molten steel by the slag,and reduce the *** the mass transfer of FeO in the slag phase was a limiting step,the secondary oxidation reaction occurred at the steel–slag interface;when the diffusion of oxygen in the molten steel was a limiting step,the secondary oxidation reaction took place inside the molten *** oxygen transfer rate was affected by the mass transfer coefficient of *** every 0.0001m/s increase in mass transfer coefficient,the oxygen transfer rate increased by about 2.2×10^-6 min^-*** changing the mass transfer coefficient,the oxygen transfer rate of the slag to the molten steel can be controlled.

关键词： IF steel Slag Steel–slag interface Inclusion Oxygen mass transfer Mass transfer coefficient

Growth of nitrate contribution to aerosol pollution during wintertime in Xi'an,northwest China:Formation mechanism and effects of NH_(3)

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 303-315页

作者： Hui Su Ting Zhang Suixin Liu Yao Qu Huan Li Jiamao Zhou Zhuzi Zhao Qiyuan Wang Lu Li Minxia Shen Shuoyuan Chen Steven Sai Hang Ho Junji Cao State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology.Key laboratory ofAerosol Chemistry and Plhysics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Acadery of SciencesXi'an 710061China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an 710061China national pbservation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Cornprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain Xi'an 710061China Shaanxi Key laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze fog Pollution Prevention Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Chemical and Environmental engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteReno NV89512United States Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

With the strengthened controls on SO2 emissions and extensive increases in motor vehicles'exhaust,aerosol pollution shifts from sulfate-rich to nitrate-rich in recent years in Xi'an,*** further gain insights into the factors on nitrate formation and efficiently mitigate air pollution,highly time-resolved observations of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs)in PM_(2.5) were measured in a suburban area of Xi'an,China during *** concentration of total WSIIs is 39.8μg m-3 on average,accounting for 50.3%of PM_(2.5) *** contrast to a slight decrease in the mass fraction of SO_(4)^(2-),NO_(3)-shows a sig-nificant increase of the PM_(2.5) contribution with the aggravation of aerosol *** suggests the importance of NO_(3)-formation to haze ***,homogeneous reactions govern the formation of NO_(3)-,while alkali metals such as calcium and sodium play an additional role in retaining NO_(3)-in PM_(2.5) during clean ***,the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction contributed more to NO_(3)-formation during the pollution periods under high relative *** investigation reveals that temperature,relative humidity,oxidant,and ammonia emissions facilitate rapid NO_(3)-*** the random forest(RF)model,NO_(3)-concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables for the training and testing datasets(R2>0.95).Among these variables,CO,NH_(3),and NO_(2) were found to be the main factors affecting the NO_(3)-*** with the period without vehicle re-striction,the contributions of NO_(3)-and NH4+to PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 5.3%and 3.4%in traffic re-striction periods,*** vehicle restriction leads to the decreases of precursor gases of NO_(2),SO_(2),and NH_(3) by 12.8%,5.9%,and 27.6%,*** results demonstrate collaborative emission reduction of NO_(x) and NH_(3) by vehicle restrictions,and using new energy vehicles(or electric vehicles)can effectively alleviate particul

关键词： PM_(2.5) Water-soluble inorganic ions Nitrate formation Excess ammonium Vehicle restrictions

Fabrication of novel bifunctional nanohybrid based on layered rare-earth hydroxide with magnetic and fluorescent properties

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2020年第4期14卷 488-496页

作者： Qingyang GU jinyan LI Liangshuo JI Ruijun JU Haibo JIN Rongyue ZHANG Department of Chemical engineering Beiing Institute of Petrochemical TechnologyBejing 102617China Beiing Key laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic emission reduction Technology Beiing 102617China

We demonstrate the fabrication of a novel magnetic nanohybrid involving the drug molecule 5 aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)intercalated Gd-Eu layered rare-earth hydroxide(LRH)coated on magnesium ferrite particles(MgFe2O4).The structure,thermostability,morphology,luminescence properties,cytotoxic effect and magnetism are *** 5-ALA intercalated composite may correspond to a monolayered vertical arrangement,and the thermal stability of organics is enhanced after *** LRH precursor shows red emission of Eu^3+and the maximum emission peak of the composite is at 451 nm,corresponding to the blue *** detection of drug molecules can be realized through the change of *** magnetic nanohybrid shows strong magnetic sensitivity,which provides an easy and efficient way to separate 5-ALA-MgFe2O4@LGd0.95H:Eu0.05 particles from a sol or a suspension system and to carry drugs to targeted locations under an external magnetic *** cytotoxic effect of MgFe2O4@LRH is observed with a sulforhodamine B(SRB)colorimetric assay,which has low cytotoxic effects on selected *** fabrication of novel bifunctional drug carriers based on LRH with magnetic and fluorescent properties has potential applications in drug detection and drug delivery.

关键词： layered rare-earth hydroxide magnesium ferrite nanohybrid magnetism luminescence

Interconnected N/P co-doped carbon nanocage as high capacitance electrode material for energy storage devices

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4068-4075页

作者： Lei Yang Xiaojun He Yuchen Wei Honghui Bi Feng Wei Hongqiang Li Changzhou Yuan Jieshan Qiu School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued UtilizationKey Lab of Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Resources RecyclingMinistry of EducationAnhui University of TechnologyMaanshan 243002China School of Material Science and engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China College of Chemical engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Heteroatom doping carbon materials exhibit a huge application potential for energy storage devices(ESDs).Herein,interconnected N/P co-doped carbon nanocage(NP-CNC)was synthesized from pyrene molecules by using nano-MgO as template and melamine-phytic acid supramolecular aggregate as dopant coupled with KOH *** as-prepared NP-CNC possesses interconnected nanocages for electron transportation and abundant micropores for ion ***,co-doped N/P species in NP-CNC provide active sites and additional ***,NP-CNC as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high gravimetric capacitance of 435 F·g^(-1) at 0.05 A·g^(-1),high volumetric capacitance of 274 F·cm^(-3) at 0.032 A·cm^(-3),and long cycle lifespan with 96.1%capacitance retention after 50,000 ***,NP-CNC as cathode for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor delivers satisfactory energy and power densities of 130.6 Wh·kg^(-1)(82.3 Wh·L^(-1))and 14.4 kW·kg^(-1)(9.1 kWL^(-1)).This work paves a promising approach to the preparation of high capacitance NP-CNC for ESDs.

关键词： pyrene carbon nanocage N/P co-doped supercapacitor zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor

Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 637-646页

作者： Yan Shen Tongran Wu Aiping Lian Jie Gao Fei Peng Guohua Song Xuefang Wu Yangyang Cui Xinyu Liu Yunfei Wan Jing Yan Yifeng Xue national engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100091China

This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution *** results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle *** data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"national V"or higher emission ***,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is *** on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle *** a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.

关键词： Motor vehicle Air pollutant emission characteristics Control strategy Beijing

A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao State Key laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Key laboratory of Pollution Control &Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of Land engineering Chang'an University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water Research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第9期28卷 1075-1081页

作者： Yi-fan Wang Yu-dong Zhang Hong-ming Long Li-xin Qian Yun-fei Luo Ru-fei Wei School of Metallurgical engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243032AnhuiChina Key laboratory of Metallurgical emission reduction and Resources Recycling(Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of EducationMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina

The low-temperature wet oxidation behavior of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas in ammonium citrate solution was investigated for efficiently utilizing the low-quality desulfurization ash. The effects of the ammonium citrate concentration, oxidation temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and oxidation time on the wet oxidation behavior of desulfurization ash were studied. Simultaneously, the oxidation mechanism of desulfurization ash was revealed by means of X-ray diffraction, Zeta electric resistance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under the optimal conditions with ammonium citrate, the oxidation ratio of CaSO_(3) was up to the maximum value (98.49%), while that of CaSO_(3) was only 8.92% without ammonium citrate. Zeta electric resistance and XPS results indicate that the dissolution process of CaSO_(3) could be significantly promoted by complexation derived from the ammonium citrate hydrolysis. As a result, the oxidation process of CaSO_(3) was transformed from particle oxidation to SO_(3)^(2−) ion oxidation, realizing the rapid transformation of desulfurization ash from CaSO_(3) to CaSO_(4) at low temperature. It provides a reference for the application of semi-dry desulfurization ash and contributes to sustainable management for semi-dry desulfurization ash.

关键词： Semi-dry desulfurization ash Ammonium citrate Calcium sulfite Calcium sulfate Wet oxidation Sintering flue gas Low-temperature oxidation