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Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Ni?a events

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第2期43卷 1-10页

作者： Guangliang Li Licheng Feng Wei Zhuang Fei Liu Ronghua Zhang Cuijuan Sui national Marine Environmental Forecasting center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Southern Marine Science and engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System of Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Composite analyses were performed in this study to reveal the difference in spring precipitation over southern China during multiyear La Ni?a events during 1901 to 2015. It was found that there is significantly below-normal precipitation during the first boreal spring, but above-normal precipitation during the second year. The difference in spring precipitation over southern China is correlative to the variation in western North Pacific anomalous cyclone(WNPC), which can in turn be attributed to the different sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) over the tropical Pacific. The remote forcing of negative SSTA in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific and the local air-sea interaction in the western North Pacific are the usual causes of WNPC formation and *** in the first spring is stronger than those in the second spring. As a result, the intensity of WNPC in the first year is stronger, which is more likely to reduce the moisture in southern China by changing the moisture transport, leading to prolonged precipitation deficits over southern China. However, the tropical SSTA signals in the second year are too weak to induce the formation and maintenance of WNPC and the below-normal precipitation over southern China. Thus, the variation in tropical SSTA signals between two consecutive springs during multiyear La Ni?a events leads to obvious differences in the spatial pattern of precipitation anomaly in southern China by causing the different WNPC response.

关键词： multiyear La Nina precipitation anomaly anomalous western North Pacific cyclone southern China

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Differences in Precipitation and Related Wind Dynamics and Moisture and Heat Features in Separate Areas of the South China Sea before and after Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1643-1660页

作者： Chunyan ZHANG Donghai WANG Kaifeng ZHANG Wanwen HE Yanping ZHENG Yan XU Guangdong Meteorological Data center Guangdong Meteorological BureauGuangzhou 510640China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China national Observation and research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China Foshan Meteorological Service Foshan 528000China Ningjiang District Meteorological Bureau Songyuan 138000China

Using surface and balloon-sounding measurements, satellite retrievals, and ERA5 reanalysis during 2011–20, this study compares the precipitation and related wind dynamics, moisture and heat features in different areas of the South China Sea(SCS) before and after SCS summer monsoon onset(SCSSMO). The rainy sea around Dongsha(hereafter simply referred to as Dongsha) near the north coast, and the rainless sea around Xisha(hereafter simply referred to as Xisha) in the western SCS, are selected as two typical research subregions. It is found that Dongsha, rather than Xisha, has an earlier and greater increase in precipitation after SCSSMO under the combined effect of strong low-level southwesterly winds, coastal terrain blocking and lifting, and northern cold air. When the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds enhance and advance northward, accompanied by strengthened moisture flux, there is a strong convergence of wind and moisture in Dongsha due to a sudden deceleration and rear-end collision of wind by coastal terrain blocking. Moist and warm advection over Dongsha enhances early and deepens up to 200 h Pa in association with the strengthened upward motion after SCSSMO, thereby providing ample moisture and heat to form strong precipitation. However, when the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds weaken and retreat southward, Xisha is located in a wind-break area where strong convergence and upward motion centers move in. The vertical moistening and heating by advection in Xisha enhance later and appear far weaker compared to that in Dongsha, consistent with later and weaker precipitation.

关键词： Dongsha Xisha South China Sea summer monsoon onset precipitation wind dynamics moisture heat

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Recent Advances of Bioactive Marine Natural Products in Drug Discovery

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第5期23卷 1297-1318页

作者： ZHANG Qun LV Liuxia WANG Wenhui WEI Meiyan GU Yucheng SHAO Changlun Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International research Centre BracknellBerkshire RG426EYUK

Marine natural products(MNPs)are valuable resources for drug *** date,17 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use,and 33 pharmaceutical compounds are in clinical *** the success of drug development from the marine resources is higher than the industry *** is a feasible strategy to conduct the discovery of druglead compounds based on marine chemical ecology by fully exploiting the pharmacological potential of marine chemical defense *** the search for bioactive MNPs,our group has constructed a biological resources library including more than 1500 strains of *** on the strategy of Blue Drug Library,we have discovered a series of novel MNPs with abundant biological *** efficient and scalable total synthesis of(+)-aniduquinolone A(44)and pesimquinolone I(48)have been completed,which will facilitate access to sufficient quantities of candidates for in vivo pharmacological and toxicological *** a nucleoprotein(NP)inhibitor,QLA(75)possesses significant anti-influenza A virus(IAV)activities both in vitro and in ***-00803(76)is a potent and selective AMP-activated kinase(AMPK)activator that can effectively inhibit metabolic disorders and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)***,we identified two new candidate molecules with potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma ***,as a natural guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases(Arf-GEFs)inhibitor prodrug,CHNQD-01255(78)is qualified to be developed as a targeted candidate anticancer drug,which may be promising to apply for cancer ***,it is evident that MNPs play an important role in drug development.

关键词： marine medicinal organisms natural products marine drug discovery and optimization drug development

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF national center for Atmospheric research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China national Marine Environmental Forecasting center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China national Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian national Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and research center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China national Meteorological Information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International research center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Liquefaction susceptibility and deformation characteristics of saturated coral sandy soils subjected to cyclic loadings-a critical review

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 261-296页

作者： Chen Guoxing Qin You Ma Weijia Liang Ke Wu Qi C.Hsein Juang Institute of Geotechnical engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China Civil engineering and Earthquake Disaster Prevention center of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210009China School of Mechanical engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Glenn Department of Civil engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Coral sandy soils widely exist in coral island reefs and seashores in tropical and subtropical *** to the unique marine depositional environment of coral sandy soils,the engineering characteristics and responses of these soils subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings have been a subject of intense interest among the geotechnical and earthquake engineering *** paper critically reviews the progress of experimental investigations on the undrained behavior of coral sandy soils under monotonic and cyclic loadings over the last three *** focus of coverage includes the contractive-dilative behavior,the pattern of excess pore-water pressure(EPWP)generation and the liquefaction mechanism and liquefaction resistance,the small-strain shear modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus and damping,the cyclic softening feature,and the anisotropic characteristics of undrained responses of saturated coral sandy *** particular,the advances made in the past decades are reviewed from the following aspects:(1)the characterization of factors that impact the mechanism and patterns of EPWP build-up;(2)the identification of liquefaction triggering in terms of the apparent viscosity and the average flow coefficient;(3)the establishment of the invariable form of strain-based,stress-based,or energy-based EPWP ratio formulas and the unique relationship between the new proxy of liquefaction resistance and the number of cycles required to reach liquefaction;(4)the establishment of the invariable form of the predictive formulas of small strain modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus;and(5)the investigation on the effects of stress-induced anisotropy on liquefaction susceptibility and dynamic deformation *** gained through the critical review of these advances in the past decades offer a perspective for future research to further resolve the fundamental issues concerning the liquefaction mechanism and responses of coral sandy sites subjecte

关键词： liquefaction susceptibility dynamic deformation characteristics coral sandy soil cyclic loading review and prospect

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Recent advances in functional utilisation of environmentally friendly and recyclable high-performance green biocomposites: A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 73-85页

作者： Guiyang Zheng Xuelian Kang Haoran Ye Wei Fan Christian Sonne Su Shiung Lam Rock Keey Liew Changlei Xia Yang Shi Shengbo Ge Co-Innovation center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China School of Textile Science and engineering&Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education Xi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an 710048China Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre(ARC)Aarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399PO Box 358DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries(AKUATROP)Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia center for Transdisciplinary research Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennai 600072India NV Western PLT Georgetown 10400PenangMalaysia Aerospace Kaitian Environmental technology Co. Ltd.Changsha 410000China Hunan Hongsen Novel Material technology Co. Ltd.Yiyang 413407China

Humans have relied on biomass for survival and development since the Stone Age. All aspects of human needs for materials are covered by tools, fuel, and buildings. Nowadays, metals and petroleum-based materials are widely used in highly developed industries. Unfortunately, environmental contamination and the loss of natural resources have led to the reemergence of biomass resources as efficient and sustainable energy sources. Notably, simple and direct applications can no longer meet the demand for functionalization, high performance of materials and construction materials. Therefore, it is imperative to modify biomass and combine its utilisation to produce functionalization and high performance materials. For example, construction materials with superior mechanical properties and water resistance can be produced by reinforcing fibres to facilitate crosslinking. Water-oil separation or adsorption effects of hydrogels and aerogels are determined by the porosity and lightness of biomass, biocomposite conductor is prepared by chimaeric conductive material. Here, we review the approaches that have been taken to devise an environmentally friendly yet fully recyclable and sustainable functionalised biocomposites from biomass and its potential directions for future research.

关键词： Biocomposite Renewable Sustainability Advanced functional material Pollution mitigation

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Effects of Heterologously Overexpressing PIP5K-Family Genes in Arabidopsis on Inflorescence Development

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第1期93卷 97-117页

作者： Mingda Yin Rui Luo Tana Liang Qi Wen Xiaotian Liang Yanpeng Wen Xuemei Hu Zhiyan Wang Chang Gao Wenjing Ren Fenglan Huang College of Life Science and Food engineering Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China Inner Mongolia Industrial engineering research center of Universities for Castor Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028043China Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China Inner Mongolia engineering research center of Industrial technology Innovation of Castor Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China

Castor is one of the top 10 oil crops in the world and has extremely valuable *** inflorescences directly affect yield,so the study of inflorescence development is very important in increasing castor *** previous studies have shown that the PIP5K gene family(PIP5Ks)is associated with inflorescence *** this study,to determine the function of each PIP5K gene in castor,a female Lm-type castor line,aLmAB2,was used to determine the relative expression levels of the PIP5Ks in castor *** PIP5K genes were heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana,the relative expression of each gene and the effect on plants was determined in ***,and the relationships among the PIP5Ks in castor were *** expression levels of the PIP5Ks in the female Lm-type castor line aLmAB2 were *** relative expression levels of the PIP5K9 and PIP5K11 genes were high(p<0.05)in isofemale inflorescences,and those of PIP5K1,PIP5K2,PIP5K6,and PIP5K8 were high(p<0.05)in female inflorescences but low(p<0.05)in bisexual *** PIP5Ks were heterologously overexpressed in ***,and T3-generation plants with stable genetic resistance,i.e.,AT-PIP5K^(+)plants(AT-PIP5K1^(+),AT-PIP5K2^(+),AT-PIP5K6^(+),AT-PIP5K8^(+),AT-PIP5K9^(+),and ATPIP5K11^(+) plants),were *** tests of the AT-PIP5K+plants showed that the growth of the main stem was significantly delayed in AT-PIP5K+plants compared with Columbia wild-type(WT)*** plants;the PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 genes promoted lateral stem growth and flower and silique development;and the PIP5K6,PIP5K8,PIP5K9 and PIP5K11 genes inhibited lateral stem growth and flower and silique *** correlations among PIP5Ks in castor suggest that there may be a synergistic relationship among PIP5K1,PIP5K2,and PIP5K6 in castor inflorescences,and PIP5K8,PIP5K9,and PIP5K11 are complementary to the other three genes.

关键词： Castor inflorescence development PIP5K gene family gene overexpression

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A novel marine-derived anti-acute kidney injury agent targeting peroxiredoxin 1 and its nanodelivery strategy based on ADME optimization

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3232-3250页

作者： Ping Yu Tanwei Gu Yueyang Rao Weimin Liang Xi Zhang Huanguo Jiang Jindi Lu Jianglian She Jianmin Guo Wei Yang Yonghong Liu Yingfeng Tu Lan Tang Xuefeng Zhou Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia MedicaSouth China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China NMPA Key Laboratory for research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical research Institute Co. Ltd.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and ResearchGuangdong Engineering Research Center for Innovative Drug Evaluation and ResearchGuangzhou 510990China

Insufficient therapeutic strategies for acute kidney injury(AKI)necessitate precision therapy targeting its *** study reveals the new mechanism of the marine-derived anti-AKI agent,piericidin glycoside S14,targeting peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1).By binding to Cys83 of PRDX1 and augmenting its peroxidase activity,S14 alleviates kidney injury efficiently in Prdx1-overexpression(Prdx1-OE)***,S14 also increases PRDX1 nuclear translocation and directly activates the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway to inhibit ROS *** to the limited druggability of S14 with low bioavailability(2.6%)and poor renal distribution,a pH-sensitive kidney-targeting dodecanaminechitosan nanoparticle system is constructed to load S14 for precise treatment of AKI.L-Serine conjugation to chitosan imparts specificity to kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1)-overexpressed *** developed S14-nanodrug exhibits higher therapeutic efficiency by improving the in vivo behavior of S14 *** encapsulation with micelles,the AUC_(0-t),half-life time,and renal distribution of S14 increase 2.5-,1.8-,and 3.1-fold,*** main factors contributing to the improved druggability of S14 nanodrugs include the lower metabolic elimination rate and UDPglycosyltransferase(UGT)-mediated *** summary,this study identifies a new therapeutic target for the marine-derived anti-AKI agent while enhancing its ADME properties and druggability through nanotechnology,thereby driving advancements in marine drug development for AKI.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Piericidin glycoside Peroxiredoxin 1 Nanodrug Kim-1 targeted ADME Marine drug Druggability

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Straw return increases crop production by improving soil organic carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in a long-term wheat-cotton cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 669-679页

作者： Changqin Yang Xiaojing Wang Jianan Li Guowei Zhang Hongmei Shu Wei Hu Huanyong Han Ruixian Liu Zichun Guo Institute of Industrial crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton and RapeseedMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China College of Life Sciences and Food engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an 223003China College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Cotton research Institute Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation ScienceShihezi 832000China Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable AgricultureNanjing 210008China

Straw return is a promising strategy for managing soil organic carbon(SOC)and improving yield ***,the optimal straw return strategy for sustainable crop production in the wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)cropping system remains *** objective of this study was to quantify the long-term(10 years)impact of carbon(C)input on SOC sequestration,soil aggregation and crop yields in a wheat-cotton cropping system in the Yangtze River Valley,*** treatments were arranged with a single-factor randomized design as follows:no straw return(Control),return of wheat straw only(Wt),return of cotton straw only(Ct),return of 50%wheat and 50%cotton straw(Wh-Ch)and return of 100%wheat and 100%cotton straw(Wt-Ct).In comparison to the Control,the SOC content increased by 8.4 to 20.2%under straw return.A significant linear positive correlation between SOC sequestration and C input(1.42-7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1))(P2 and 1-2 mm at the 0-20 cm soil depth were also significantly elevated under straw return,with the greatest increase of the aggregate stability in the Wt-Ct treatment(28.1%).The average wheat yields increased by 12.4-36.0%and cotton yields increased by 29.4-73.7%,and significantly linear positive correlations were also detected between C input and the yields of wheat and *** average sustainable yield index(SYI)reached a maximum value of 0.69 when the C input was 7.08 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1),which was close to the maximum value(SYI of 0.69,C input of 7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(-1))in the Wt-Ct ***,the return of both wheat and cotton straw was the best strategy for improving SOC sequestration,soil aggregation,yields and their sustainability in the wheat-cotton rotation system.

关键词： straw return crop yields SOC soil aggregates wheat-cotton cropping system

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GmAP1d regulates flowering time under long-day photoperiods in soybean

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 845-855页

作者： Shiyu Guo Yanfei Li Hongmei Qiu Guoyu Hu Chaosen Zhao Ruizhen Wang Hao Zhang Yu Tian Xiaoyu Li Bin Liu Ying-hui Li Li-juan Qiu College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030HeilongjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/The national Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization(MARA) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/national engineering research center for Soybean Changchun 130033JilinChina Crop research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031AnhuiChina crops research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology Nanchang 330200JiangxiChina Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Flowering time is important for adaptation of soybean(Glycine max)to different ***,we conducted a genome-wide association study of flowering time using a panel of 1490 cultivated soybean *** identified three strong signals at the qFT02-2 locus(Chr02:12037319–12238569),which were associated with flowering time in three environments:Gongzhuling,Mengcheng,and *** analyzing linkage disequilibrium,gene expression patterns,gene annotation,and the diversity of variants,we identified an AP1 homolog as the candidate gene for the qFT02-2 locus,which we named *** one nonsynonymous polymorphism existed among 1490 soybean accessions at position Chr02:*** carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele flowered significantly earlier than those carrying the Chr02:12087053-A ***,we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS)marker for the SNP at Chr02:12087053,which is suitable for marker-assisted breeding of flowering *** of GmAP1d in the‘Williams 82’background by gene editing promoted flowering under long-day conditions,confirming that GmAP1d is the causal gene for *** analysis of the region surrounding GmAP1d revealed that GmAP1d was artificially selected during the genetic improvement of *** stepwise selection,the proportion of modern cultivars carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele has increased,and this allele has become nearly fixed(95%)in northern *** findings provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of flowering time in soybean and a target gene that can be used for breeding modern soybean cultivars adapted to different latitudes.

关键词： Soybean Flowering time GWAS GmAP1d Long-day conditions

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