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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 178-184页

作者： Yen-Shou Kuo Kuan-Hsun Lin Ying-Yi Chen Yuan-Ming Tsai Ti-Hui Wu Hsu-Kai Huang Tsai-Wang Huang Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114202Taiwan

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia with severe septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)are critical illnesses for patients following *** immunoglobulin(IVIG)plays a role in both immune support and inflammation control,especially in immunocompromised *** case report describes the first successful experience using IVIG and pulse steroids to manage this critical condition following lung *** SUMMARY A 65-year-old male patient reported a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poor lung function and received bilateral sequential lung ***,he developed COVID-19 pneumonia,severe septic shock,and *** recovered from this critical condition after empirical antibiotics administration and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,in addition to IVIG and pulse *** IVIG is a valuable adjunct in managing severe sepsis in lung transplant recipients after COVID-19 *** aim,for the first time,to report the success of such a management approach for COVID-19 ARDS and sepsis in the post-lung transplant *** further investigations,this is a starting point for wider analysis of such an approach in this setting and consequently helps guide clinical practice for such a challenging patient population moving forward.

关键词： COVID-19 Septic shock Intravenous immunoglobulin Lung transplantation Post-transplant complications Case report

Vertical structure of predictability and information transport over the Northern Hemisphere

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第2期23卷 661-668页

作者：冯爱霞王启光龚志强封国林 Data service Office National Meteorological Information CenterChina Meteorological Administration China Meteorological administration Training center China Meteorological Administration Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration

Based on nonlinear prediction and information theory, vertical heterogeneity of predictability and information loss rate in geopotential height field are obtained over the Northern Hemisphere. On a seasonal-to-interannual time scale, the predictability is low in the lower troposphere and high in the mid-upper troposphere. However, within mid-upper troposphere over the subtropics ocean area, there is a relatively poor predictability. These conclusions also fit the seasonal time scale. Moving to the interannual time scale, the predictability becomes high in the lower troposphere and low in the mid-upper troposphere, contrary to the former case. On the whole the interannual trend is more predictable than the seasonal trend. The average information loss rate is low over the mid-east Pacific, west of North America, Atlantic and Eurasia, and the atmosphere over other places has a relatively high information loss rate on all-time scales. Two channels are found steadily over the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean in subtropics. There are also unstable channels. The four- season influence on predictability and information communication are studied. The predictability is low, no matter which season data are removed and each season plays an important role in the existence of the channels, except for the winter. The predictability and teleconnections are paramount issues in atmospheric science, and the teleconnections may be established by communication channels. So, this work is interesting since it reveals the vertical structure of predictability distribution, channel locations, and the contributions of different time scales to them and their variations under different seasons.

关键词： geopotential height field information theory information loss rate predictability

First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第11期32卷 27-33页

作者： WANG He ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen HUANG Xiaoqi ZHAO Yili CHEN Chuntao ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong national Ocean Technology center State Oceanic Administration national Satellite Ocean Application service State Oceanic Administration

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A, carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter （SCAT）, was successfully launched in August 2011. The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data. The in situ winds from the national Data Buoy center （NDBC） buoys, R/V Polarstern, Aurora Australis, Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform, were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds. The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5 min and 12.5 km. For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products, the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of-0.49 m/s, a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s. Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds, the RMSE of 19.19° with a bias of 0.92° is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s. These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons. Moreover, the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012. The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community.

关键词： HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer wind validation

A preliminary assessment of the sea surface wind speed production of HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第1期33卷 114-119页

作者： HUANG Xiaoqi ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAO Yili WANG He CHEN Chuntao PENG Hailong ZHANG Youguang national Ocean Technology center State Oceanic Administration national Satellite Ocean Application service State Oceanic Administration

A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） was launched on August 16,2011,on board HY-2 *** six-month long global sea surface wind speeds observed by the HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer are preliminarily validated using in-situ measurements and WindSat observations,respectively,from January to June *** wind speed root-mean-square（RMS） difference of the comparisons with in-situ data is 1.89 m/s for the measurements of NDBC and 1.72 m/s for the recent four-month data measured by PY30-1 oil platform,*** a global scale,the wind speeds of HY-2 RM are compared with the sea surface wind speeds derived from WindSat,the RMS difference of 1.85 m/s for HY-2 RM collocated observations data set is calculated in the same period as *** analyzing the global map of a mean difference between HY-2 RM and WindSat,it appears that the bias of the sea surface wind speed is obviously higher in the inshore *** the open sea,there is a relatively higher positive bias in the mid-latitude regions due to the overestimation of wind speed observations,while the wind speeds are underestimated in the Southern Ocean by HY-2 RM relative to WindSat observations.

关键词： HY-2 satellite scanning microwave radiometer sea surface wind speed spatial and temporal collocation validation

Development and Application of an Atmospheric-HydrologicHydraulic Flood Forecasting Model Driven by TIGGE Ensemble Forecasts

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第1期26卷 93-102页

作者：包红军赵琳娜 Public Meteorological service center China Meteorological Administration national Meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

A coupled atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic ensemble flood forecasting model, driven by The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment （THORPEX） Interactive Grand Global Ensemble （TIGGE） data, has been developed for flood forecasting over the Huaihe River. The incorporation of numerical weather prediction （NWP） information into flood forecasting systems may increase forecast lead time from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP model forecast from a single forecast center, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and leads to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble NWP systems through TIGGE offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The Xinanjiang model used for hydrological rainfall-runoff modeling and the one-dimensional unsteady flow model applied to channel flood routing are coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre （CMC）, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, the UK Met Office （UKMO）, and the US national centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The developed ensemble flood forecasting model is applied to flood forecasting of the 2007 flood season as a test case. The test case is chosen over the upper reaches of the Huaihe River above Lutaizi station with flood diversion and retarding areas. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The Muskingum method is used for flood routing in the flood diversion area. A probabilistic discharge and flood inundation forecast is provided as the end product to study the potential benefits of using the TIGGE ensemble forecasts. The results demonstrate satisfactory flood forecasting with clear signals of probability of floods up to a f

关键词： ensemble flood forecast TIGGE ensemble predictions Xinanjiang model one-dimensionalunsteady flow model flood diversion and retarding Huaihe River

Assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第1期33卷 109-113页

作者： ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong national Ocean Technology center State Oceanic Administration national Satellite Ocean Application service State Oceanic Administration

HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water *** this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of national Data of Buoy center（NDBC） mooring and Argo *** validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 *** comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind ***,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring *** on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement.

关键词： validation sea surface temperature HY-2 satellite microwave radiometer

The validation of the significant wave height product of HY-2altimeter–primary results

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第11期32卷 82-86页

作者： CHEN Chuntao ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAO Yili HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong national Ocean Technology center State Oceanic Administration national Satellite Ocean Application service of State Oceanic administration State Oceanic Administration

The HY-2 satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2011. The HY-2 significant wave height （SWH） is validated by the data from the South China Sea （SCS） field experiment, national Data Buoy center （NDBC/ buoys and Jason-1/2 altimeters, and is corrected using a linear regression with in-situ measurements. Com- pared with NDBC SWH, the HY-2 SWH show a RMS of 0.36 m, which is similar to Jason- 1 and Jason-2 SWH with the RMS of 0.35 m and 0.37 m respectively; the RMS of corrected HY-2 SWH is 0.27 m, similar to 0.27 m and 0.23 m of corrected Jason-1 and Jason-2 SWH. Therefore the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products is close to that of Jason-1/2 SWH, and the linear regression function derived can improve the accuracy of HY-2 SWH products.

关键词： altimeter significant wave height validation linear regression correction root mean square

An Analysis of the Discontinuity in Chinese Radiosonde Temperature Data Using Satellite Observation as a Reference

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第2期33卷 289-306页

作者： Yanjun GUO Chengzhi ZOU Panmao ZHAI Guofu WANG national Climate center China Meteorological administration center for Satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service Chinese Academy of Meteorolgical Sciences China Meteorological administration

Reconciling upper-air temperature trends derived from radiosonde and satellite observations is a necessary step to confidently determine the global warming rate. This study examines the raw and homogenized radiosonde observations over China and compares them with layer-mean atmospheric temperatures derived from satellite microwave observations for the lower-troposphere(TLT), mid-troposphere(TMT), upper-troposphere(TUT), and lower-stratosphere(TLS) by three research groups. Comparisons are for averages over China, excluding the Tibetan Plateau, and at individual stations where metadata contain information on radiosonde instrument changes. It is found that major differences between the satellite and radiosonde observations are related to artificial systematic changes. The radiosonde system updates in the early 2000 s over China caused significant discontinuities and led the radiosonde temperature trends to exhibit less warming in the middle and upper troposphere and more cooling in the lower stratosphere than satellite temperatures. Homogenized radiosonde data have been further adjusted by using the shift-point adjustment approaches to match with satellite products for China averages. The obtained trends during 1979–2015 from the re-adjusted radiosonde observation are respectively 0.203 ± 0.066, 0.128 ± 0.044, 0.034 ± 0.039, and –0.329 ± 0.135 K decade^(–1) for TLT, TMT, TUT, and TLS equivalents. Compared to satellite trends, the re-adjusted radiosonde trends are within 0.01 K decade^(–1) for TMT and TUT, 0.054 K decade^(–1) warmer for TLT, and 0.051 K decade^(–1) cooler for TLS. The results suggest that the use of satellite data as a reference is helpful in identifying and removing inhomogeneities of radiosonde temperatures over China and reconciling their trends to satellite microwave observations. Future efforts are to homogenize radiosonde temperatures at individual stations over China by using similar approaches.

关键词： radiosonde temperature homogenization satellite microwave sounding unit China upper air temperature trends

Comparative analyses of current three-dimensional numerical solar wind models

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第6期58卷 839-858页

作者： Shi Tsan WU Murray DRYER center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research the University of Alabama in Huntsville Space Weather Predictions center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

We present a comparative study of the most advanced three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation models of solar wind. These models can be classified into two categories：（I） theoretical, empirical and numerically based models and （Ⅱ） self-consistent multi-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） models. The models of Category I are used to sep- arately describe the solar wind solution in two plasma flows regions： transonic/trans-Alfvrnic and supersonic/super-Alfvenic, respectively. Models of Category II construct a complete, single, numerical solar wind solution through subsonic/sub-Alfvrnic region into supersonic/super-Alfvrnic region. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge （WSA）/ENLIL in CISM is the most successful space weather model that belongs to Category I, and the Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme （BATS-R-US） code in SWMF （Space Weather Modeling Framework） and the solar-interplanetary conservative element solution element MHD （SIP-CESE MHD） model in SWIM （Space Weather Integrated Model） are the most commonly-used models that belong to Category II. We review the structures of their frameworks, the main results for solar wind background studies that are essential for solar transient event studies, and discuss the common features and differences between these two categories of solar wind models. Finally, we conclude that the transition of these two categories of models to operational use depends on the availability of computational resources at reasonable cost and point out that the models＇ prediction capabilities may be improved by employing finer computational grids, incorporating more observational data and by adding more physical constraints to the models.

关键词： space weather solar wind models comparative analyses

An improved method of absolute calibration to satellite altimeter: A case study in the Yellow Sea, China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第5期33卷 103-112页

作者： LIU Yalong TANG Junwu ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen ZHAI Wanlin CHEN Chuntao Ocean University of China national Ocean Technological center State Oceanic administration national Satellite Ocean Application service State Oceanic administration

An improved absolute calibration technology based on indirect measurements was developed through two probative experiments, the performance of which was evaluated by applying the approach to in situ sea surface height （SSH） at the Tianheng Island （tidal gauge） and the satellite nadir （GPS buoy）. Using Geoid/MSS （mean sea surface） data, which accounted for a constant offset between nadir and onshore tidal gauge water levels, and TMD （tidal model driver）, which canceled out the time-varying offsets, nadir SSH （sea surface height） could be indirectly acquired at an onshore tidal gauge instead of from direct offshore observation. The approach extrapolated the onshore SSH out to the offshore nadir with an accuracy of （1.88±0.20） cm and a standard deviation of 3,3 cm, which suggested that the approach presented was feasible in absolute altimeter calibration/validation （Cal/Val）, and the approach enormously facilitated the obtaining SSH from the offshore nadir.

关键词： radar altimeter absolute calibration Yellow Sea