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Causes of Winter Persistent Extreme Cold Events in Northeastern China

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第4期42卷 780-793页

作者： Ming YANG Qingjiu GAO Tim LI State Key Laboratory of climate System Prediction and risk management/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Persistent(5-day or longer)extreme cold events(ECEs)over northeastern China during the boreal winter of 1979–2020 are investigated using daily minimum temperature(Tmin)from the China Meteorological Data *** extreme cooling area and intensity indices associated with the ECEs exhibit a dominant 10–40-day periodicity,indicating a close link with atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs).The ECEs are categorized into W-and *** the former,the low-frequency cooling associated with the ISO first penetrates into the western boundary of the northeastern China domain and later occupies the entire domain at its peak *** upper-tropospheric circulation associated with this type is characterized by a northwest–southeast-oriented Rossby wave train,expanding from the Ural Mountains to the western Pacific *** the latter,the cooling invades the northern boundary first and then penetrates into the entire *** upper tropospheric precursory signal associated with this type is a zonally oriented negative geopotential height anomaly,which slowly moves southward.A downward-propagating signal is observed in the stratospheric potential vorticity field prior to the peak cooling,implying a possible stratospheric *** addition to the W-and N-types,ECEs can also occur in a localized region near either at the northern or southern boundary of the domain.

关键词： extreme cold events low-frequency ISO mode Rossby wave train composite analysis downward propagation potential vorticity

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Impacts of Land–Atmosphere Coupling on Summer Extreme Hot-Humid Compound Events over Southern Eurasia under Different Sea Surface Temperature Backgrounds

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第4期42卷 744-760页

作者： Yajing QI Haishan CHEN Siguang ZHU State Key Laboratory of climate System Prediction and risk management/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Land–atmosphere coupling and sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies both have essential impacts on weather and climate *** on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset and the CESM1.2.2 model,this study investigates the influence of land–atmosphere coupling on summer extreme hot-humid events(EHHE)over southern Eurasia under different SST *** results suggest that coupling causes near-surface air temperature increases that exceed 0.5℃.From 1961 to 2020,the frequency of EHHE has continuously increased,and is closely related to soil moisture anomalies in the northern Indian Peninsula(IDP)and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(YRB).Numerical simulations further demonstrate that land–atmosphere coupling raises the risk of EHHE by 25.4%.In a typical El Niño SST background state,intensified land–atmosphere coupling tends to produce notable increases in the frequency of *** dominant processes that land–atmosphere coupling affects the EHHE variations are evidently different between these two *** surface thermal anomalies predominate in the IDP,while moisture conditions are more critical in the *** warm SST anomalies exist,dry soil anomalies in the IDP are prominent,and evaporation is constrained,increasing sensible heat *** geopotential height anomalies are significant,combined with adiabatic warming induced by descending motion and a noticeable warm center in the near-surface *** southward shift of the westerly jet enhances divergence over *** anticyclonic circulation anomalies over the western Pacific are conducive to guiding moisture transport to the YRB,providing a favorable circulation background for the development of summer EHHE.

关键词： land-atmosphere coupling sea surface temperature extreme hot-humid events southern Eurasia

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Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： Prayitno Abadi Ihsan N.Muafiry Teguh N.Pratama Angga Y.Putra Suraina Gatot H.Pramono Sidik T.Wibowo Febrylian F.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan P.Tresna Asnawi Research center for climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory management Facilities and Science and Technology Park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research center for Photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB) GNSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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Impact of net-zero emissions on atmospheric CO2 concentration in China: Ideal simulations based on the GEOS-Chem model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 867-881页

作者： Jingye TAN Jun WANG Huiqin MAO Hengmao WANG Zhiqiang LIU Meirong WANG Ran YAN Xunmei WANG Fei JIANG Frontiers Science center for Critical Earth Material Cycling International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Satellite Environmental Application center Ministry of Environmental Protection CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming climate Resources to Economy Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of climate System Prediction and risk management Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Xizang Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research on Atmospheric Water Cycle in Mêdog Xigazê and Mêdog National Climate ObservatoryXizang Meteorological Service

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide（CO2） concentrations have caused global climate change such as global warming and more frequent climate extremes. Countries worldwide have proposed carbon neutrality strategies to curb the rising CO2concentrations. To investigate the impact of China's carbon neutrality goal on atmospheric CO2concentrations, we conducted a series of ideal simulations from 2015 to 2019 using a global 3D chemistry transport model, Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry（GEOS-Chem）. Compared with the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2（XCO2） from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2（OCO-2） and surface CO2measurements in Obs Pack, we find that GEOS-Chem effectively reproduces the spatiotemporal variability of CO2. The model exhibits a root mean square error（RMSE） of 1.51 ppm（R2=0.89） for OCO-2 XCO2in China and 2.65 ppm（R2=0.75） for surface CO2concentrations at the WLG station. Further, compared to 2.83 ppm yr-1in the control experiment, we suggest that net-zero CO2emissions in China decelerate the increasing trends of XCO2to 1.81 ppm yr-1,making a decrease of approximately 35.89%. Meanwhile, the seasonal cycle amplitude（SCA） of XCO2is moderately reduced from 7.39±0.81 to 6.75±0.70 ppm, representing a relative reduction of 9.91%. Spatially, net-zero CO2emissions induce a more significant decrease in XCO2trends over northern and southern China, while their impact on SCA is more evident in northern and northeastern China. Moreover, ideal experiments demonstrate that zero fossil CO2emissions lead to a greater attenuation of the linear trends of XCO2by 40.81%, while the absence of terrestrial CO2sinks largely diminishes the SCA by 16.61%. Additionally,trends and SCA in surface CO2concentrations exhibit almost identical decreasing responses to net-zero CO2emissions but display greater sensitivities compared to XCO2. Overall, our study underscores the potential of China's carbon neutrality goal in mitigating global warming, underscoring the need

关键词： XCO2 GEOS-Chem Carbon neutrality Net-zero emissions Surface CO2 concentrations

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Effect of preprocessing on performances of machine learning-based mineral composition analysis on gas hydrate sediments, Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 151-162页

作者： Hongkeun Jin Ju Young Park Sun Young Park Byeong-Kook Son Baehyun Min Kyungbook Lee Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences Kongju National University Tunnel & Underground Facility Division ESCO Consultant & Engineers Company Yellow Sea Institute of Geoenvironmental Sciences Petroleum and Marine Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Department of climate and Energy Systems Engineering Ewha Womans University center for climate/Environment Change Prediction Research Ewha Womans University

Gas hydrate(GH) is an unconventional resource estimated at 1000-120,000 trillion *** on GH is ongoing to determine its geological and flow characteristics for commercial production. After two large-scale drilling expeditions to study the GH-bearing zone in the Ulleung Basin, the mineral composition of 488 sediment samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD). Because the analysis is costly and dependent on experts, a machine learning model was developed to predict the mineral composition using XRD intensity profiles as input data. However, the model's performance was limited because of improper preprocessing of the intensity profile. Because preprocessing was applied to each feature, the intensity trend was not preserved even though this factor is the most important when analyzing mineral composition. In this study, the profile was preprocessed for each sample using minmax scaling because relative intensity is critical for mineral analysis. For 49 test data among the 488data, the convolutional neural network(CNN) model improved the average absolute error and coefficient of determination by 41% and 46%, respectively, than those of CNN model with feature-based preprocessing. This study confirms that combining preprocessing for each sample with CNN is the most efficient approach for analyzing XRD data. The developed model can be used for the compositional analysis of sediment samples from the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau. In addition, the overall procedure can be applied to any XRD data of sediments worldwide.

关键词： Sample-based preprocessing X-ray diffraction (XRD) Machine learning Mineral composition Gas hydrate (GH) Ulleung basin

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Smoke and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery base on substantial field measurement:A case study in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 386-393页

作者： Huawei Yi Yangyang Cui Lijun Zhu Yan Shen Han Li Guanghan Huang Linzhen Qu Dongdong Guo Lei Nie Yifeng Xue national Engineering Research center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Vehicle Emission management Affairs Centre Beijing 100176China

To understand the smoke level and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery in Beijing,we selected 905 construction machines in Beijing from August 2022 to April 2023 to monitor the emission level of smoke and NO_(x).The exhaust smoke level and excessive emission situation of different machinery types were identified,and their NO_(x)emission levels were monitored according to the free acceleration *** investigated the correlation of NO_(x)and smoke emission,and proposed suggestions for controlling pollution discharge from construction machinery in the *** results show that the exhaust smoke level was 0–2.62 m^(−1),followed a log-normal distribution(μ=-1.73,δ=1.09,R^(2)=0.99),with a 5.64%exceedance *** observed amongmachinery types,with low-power engine forklifts showing higher smoke *** NO_(x)emission range was 71–1516 ppm,followed a normal distribution(μ=565.54,δ=309.51,R^(2)=0.83).Differences among machinery types were relatively *** rated net power had the most significant impact on NO_(x)***,NO_(x)emissions from construction machinery need further ***,we found a weak negative correlation(p<0.05)between the emission level of smoke and NO_(x),that is the synergic emission reduction effect is poor,emphasizing the need for NO_(x)emission *** the future,the oversight in Beijing should prioritize phasing out ChinaⅠand ChinaⅡmachinery,and monitor emissions from highpower engine ChinaⅢmachinery.

关键词： Fuel-oil construction machinery Smoke NO_(x) Emission level Regulatory suggestion

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Emission characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a subtropical pristine forest of southern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 665-682页

作者： Xi Chen Daocheng Gong Youjing Lin Qiao Xu Yujin Wang Shiwei Liu Qinqin Li Fangyuan Ma Jiangyong Li Shuo Deng Hao Wang Boguang Wang Institute for Environmental and climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling forests China Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and management(Guangdong) Guangzhou 511443China Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring center Haikou 571126China

Emission characteristics of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)from dominant tree species in the subtropical pristine forests of China are extremely *** we conducted in situ field measurements of BVOCs emissions from representative mature evergreen trees by using dynamic branch enclosures at four altitude gradients(600-1690ma.s.l.)in the Nanling Mountains of southern *** characteristics as well as seasonal and altitudinal variations were *** emission rates and canopyscale emission factors were then *** showed that BVOCs emission intensities in the wet season were generally higher than those in the dry *** were the dominant BVOCs emitted from most broad-leaved trees,accounting for over 70%of the *** superba,Yushania basihirsuta and Altingia chinensis had relatively high emission intensities and secondary pollutant formation *** localized emission factors of isoprene were comparable to the defaults in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols fromNature(MEGAN),while emission factors of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were 2 to 58 times of those in the *** results can be used to update the current BVOCs emission inventory in MEGAN,thereby reducing the uncertainties of BVOCs emission estimations in forested regions of southern China.

关键词： Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) Dynamic enclosure system Nanling Mountains Emission factors Emission rates Chemical reactivity

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Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of vegetation water use efficiency on the Tibetan Plateau in 2001–2020

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期35卷 39-64页

作者： HE Chenyang WANG Yanjiao YAN Feng LU Qi School of Ecological and Environmental Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China national climate center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

Water use efficiency(WUE),as a pivotal indicator of the coupling degree within the carbon–water cycle of ecosystems,holds considerable importance in assessment of the carbon–water balance within terrestrial ***,in the context of global warming,WUE evolution and its primary drivers on the Tibetan Plateau remain *** study employed the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and the random forest algorithm to decipher the nonlinear trends and drivers of WUE on the Tibetan Plateau in 2001–*** indicated an annual mean WUE of 0.8088 gC/mm·m^(2)across the plateau,with a spatial gradient reflecting decrease from the southeast toward the *** manifesting monotonous trends of increase or decrease in WUE accounted for 23.64%and 9.69%of the total,***,66.67%of the region exhibited trend reversals,i.e.,39.94%of the area of the Tibetan Plateau showed transition from a trend of increase to a trend of decrease,and 26.73%of the area demonstrated a shift from a trend of decrease to a trend of *** factors accounted for 70.79%of the variability in *** leaf area index and temperature served as the major driving forces of WUE variation.

关键词： water use efficiency spatiotemporal characteristic influencing factor Tibetan Plateau

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Tree growth decline to warm-wet conditions in boreal forests is linked to stand density

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forest Ecosystems 2025年第1期12卷 74-82页

作者： Bingqian Zhao Yihong Zhu Lushuang Gao Qibing Zhang Mingqian Liu Klaus von Gadow Research center of forest management Engineering of State forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China State forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of forest Resources&Environmental management Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Environmental Science Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley94704USA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Laboratory of Wood Technology Ghent UniversityCoupure links 6539000GhentBelgium Faculty of forestry and forest Ecology Georg-August-University GottingenBüsgenweg 5D-37077GottingenGermany Department of forestry and Wood Science Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch Private Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa

Warm-wet climatic conditions are widely regarded as conducive to remarkable tree growth,alleviating climatic ***,the notable decline in tree growth observed in the southern edge of boreal forests has heightened concerns over the spatial-temporal dynamics of forest ***,attaining a comprehensive grasp of the underlying patterns and their propelling factors remains a formidable *** collected tree ring samples from a network of 50 sites across the Greater Xing'an *** samples were subsequently grouped into two distinct clusters,designated as Groups A and *** percentage change of growth(GC,%)and the proportion of declining sites were utilized to assess forest *** decline in tree growth within Larix gmelinii forests exhibits significant regional variation,accompanied by temporal fluctuations even within a given *** A exhibited a pronounced increase in frequency(59.26%)of occurrences and encountered more severe declines(21.65%)in tree growth subsequent to the 1990s,contrasting sharply with Group B,which observed lower frequencies(20.00%)and relatively less severe declines(21.02%)prior to the *** primary impetus underlying the opposite radial growth increments observed in Larix gmelinii trees from the interplay between their differential response to temperatures and wetter climatic conditions,which is significantly influenced by varying stand *** cold-dry conditions,low-density forests may experience soil water freezing,exacerbating drought conditions and thereby inhibiting tree growth,in Group *** growth in high-density stands is restrained by warm-wet conditions,in Group *** results provide new insights into the variability at the southern edge of the boreal forest biome with different responses to density and climate.

关键词： Growth decline Stand density The southern edge of boreal forests Larix gmelinii

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Effect of Parameter Variation in the BMJ Scheme on the Simulation of MJO Propagation and Structure

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 397-409页

作者： Xiaoyu ZHU Zhong ZHONG Yimin ZHU Yunying LI Yijia HU Yao HA College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment School of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation center for climate Change School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

In this study,the Betts-Miller-Janjic(BMJ)convective adjustment scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model version 4.0 was used to investigate the effect of itsα-parameter,which influences the first-guess potential temperature reference profile on the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO)propagation and *** study diagnosed the MJO active phase composites of the MJO-filtered outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)during the December-to-February(DJF)period of 2006-2016 over the Indian Ocean(IO),Maritime Continent(MC),and western Pacific(WP).The results show that the MJO-filtered OLR intensity,propagation pattern,and MJO classification(standing,jumping,and propagating clusters)are sensitive to theα-value,but the phase speeds of propagating MJOs are ***,with an increasingα-value,the simulated MJO-filtered OLR intensity increases,and the simulated propagation pattern is *** also show that the intensity and propagation pattern of an eastward-propagating MJO are associated with MJO circulation structures and thermodynamic ***αincreases,the front Walker cell and the low-level easterly anomaly are enhanced,which premoistens the lower troposphere and triggers more active shallow and congestus *** enhanced shallow and congestus convection preconditions the lower to middle troposphere,accelerating the transition from congestus to deep convection,thereby facilitating eastward propagation of the ***,the simulated MJO tends to transfer from standing to eastward propagating asα*** summary,increasing theα-value is a possible way to improve the simulation of the structure and propagation of the MJO.

关键词： MJO WRF model BMJ scheme low-level easterly anomaly

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