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New glucocerebrosidase antibodies can advance research in the field of neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1085-1086页

作者： Charis Ma Krystyna Rytel Yu Chen Ellen Sidransky Medical Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new *** antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)research,the dearth of validated antibodies for different applications has impeded progress in studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic *** recent introduction of new,rigorously evaluated antibodies can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson’s disease(PD)as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher disease(Jong et al.,2024).

关键词： antibodies cerebro

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Orbitronics for energy-efficient magnetization switching

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 398-399页

作者： Yuxuan YAO Daoqian ZHU Qingtao XIA Jianing LIANG Yuhao JIANG Zhiyang PENG Jiaxu LI Chen XIAO Renyou XU Wenwen WANG Xiantao SHANG Shiyang LU Dapeng ZHU Hong-Xi LIU Kaihua CAO Weisheng ZHAO Fert Beijing institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University national Key Lab of Spintronics Institute of International Innovation Beihang University Qingdao research institute Beihang University Truth Memory Corporation

Spin-orbit torque （SOT）,as a promising writing method for magnetic random-access memory （MRAM）,has garnered widespread interest for over a decade [1].Heavy metals,such as β-W,have been broadly adopted as spin current sources,but suffer from phase change at a limited thickness,resulting in a dramatic reduction of the charge-tospin conversion efficiency θSH[2].The thickness limitation leads to stringent etching conditions and large distribution among devices,posing challenges for simultaneously satisfying SOT efficiency,etching-stop margins,and back-end-ofline （BEOL） compatibility.

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Applications of in-situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in methanol to olefins reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 134-151页

作者： Jing Niu Shutao Xu Yingxu Wei Zhongmin Liu national Engineering research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The methanol-to-olefins（MTO） reaction offers an alternative pathway for the production of low-carbon olefins from non-oil feedstocks. Fundamental research has been impeded by a lack of comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanism,despite the significant progress made in industry. In-situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance（ss NMR） spectroscopy has emerged as a pivotal tool, offering crucial insights into key species under real-time operando conditions. Furthermore, the host–guest interaction between zeolites or surface species residing on zeolites and the reactant/active intermediates is revealed by the combination of in-situ13C MAS NMR and 2D correlation spectroscopy. Moreover, recent technological advancements in hyperpolarization（HP） methods, including HP129Xe NMR and dynamic nuclear polarization（DNP）, have significantly improved the sensitivity of ss NMR, enabling detailed structural and kinetic analysis as well as the detection of trace species. In this feature article, we summarized recent advancements in（in-situ） ss NMR spectroscopy applied to MTO reaction processes,encompassing mechanistic investigations at various stages and the intricate host–guest interactions. These theoretical insights into the dynamic evolution of MTO reactions lay a solid foundation for the optimization of catalytic processes and the development of efficient catalysts, thereby advancing the techniques towards more sustainable and economical production route for olefins.

关键词： MTO zeolites in-situ ssNMR reactive intermediates reaction mechanism

Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIU Rui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine research institute national Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm) and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC) with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT) imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： atomization dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure spray flame asymmetry

Record-breaking bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst accomplished by a data-driven approach for zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 144-145页

作者： Deviprasath Chinnadurai Zhi Wei Seh institute of Materials research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) have recently drawn great attention in energy research due to their high theoretical capacity,low costs, and inherently safe nature [1–3]. However, the sluggish cathode reactions necessitate the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with lower ΔE indicator values. The ΔE indicator is commonly employed to quantitatively evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,representing the overall overpotential from oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) to oxygen evolution reaction(OER).

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Design and Application of Turbine Cascade Partitioned Endwall Profiling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 110-128页

作者： ZENG Fei JIANG Ruiqi XUE Xingxu DU Wei LUO Lei ZHOU Xun AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant research institute School of Energy Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Science and Technology on Diesel Engine Turbocharging Laboratory China North Engine Research Institute

The influence of partitioned profiling design based on a large-pitch highly loaded cascade is studied by numerical *** partitioned profile is mainly composed of a pressure-side convex structure near the leading edge and a suction-side convex structure at the midstream and downstream sides of the *** influence of the change in the vertex axial position and peak value of the B-line on the secondary flow control is *** this paper,air(ideal gas) is selected as the flow *** average static pressure at the outlet and the average total temperature at the inlet are kept *** γ-θ is used as the turbulence *** results show that the pressure-side convex structure suppresses the spanwise and pitchwise migration of the inlet flow by adjusting the static pressure distribution of the flow field,so the development of the pressure-side leg of the horseshoe vortex is effectively *** suction-side convex structure adjusts the static pressure distribution of the flow field and increases the included angle between the cross-flow and suction surface,so the accumulation of low-momentum fluid,the development of a corner vortex and the flow separation at the trailing edge of the suction-side surface are all suppressed near the endwall-suction ***,the energy loss coefficient of the large-pitch highly loaded cascade is decreased from 0.0564 to 0.0485,representing a 25% reduction in secondary flow losses.

关键词： Vortex flow

Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2 in CO2 electroreduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 66-76页

作者： Lei Xue Tong Shi Chenhui Han Heng Zhang Fenrong Liu Haorun Li Yan Wang Xiaojun Gu Shanghong Zeng Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Catalysis Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University national Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource research and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths

Conversion of CO2back to hydrocarbons is the most direct way of closing the“carbon cycle”,and its significance is further enlarged if this process is driven by renewable energies such as ***,precisely controlling the product selectivity towards hydrocarbons against the competitive hydrogen evolution remains challenging,especially for Cu-based ***,we report a novel defect engineering strategy,by which Cu-doping-induced oxygen vacancies on CeO2nanorods were effectively created,with adjustable vacancy/Cu *** resulting optimum catalyst shows up to 79% catalytic current density to hydrocarbons （excluding CO）,with 49% faradaic efficiency to *** and density functional theory unveil that the ratio between oxygen vacancy and Cu affects significantly the formation of*CHO and activation of H2O,which leads to the following deep hydrogenation to *** findings may spur new insights for designing and developing more controllable chemical process relevant to CO2utilization.

关键词： Nanorods

Reconstructing forest and grassland cover changes in China over the past millennium

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 94-110页

作者： Fanneng HE Fan YANG Yafei WANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key research institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Henan University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Historical forest and grassland cover changes not only are critical indicators for quantifying ecological and environmental change processes but also serve as fundamental data for long-term climate change simulations and terrestrial ecosystem carbon emission assessments. However, because of limitations in historical data, quantitative estimations and spatially gridded reconstructions of these changes remain challenging, necessitating further methodological exploration. This study focused on China's present-day land area over the past millennium, objectively capturing the characteristics and drivers of forest and grassland cover changes. On this basis, using the forest transition theory and the space-for-time substitution method, we depicted the historical deforestation process as an inverted “S” curve and developed a model to reconstruct historical forest area changes based on the functional relationship between the forest area and population size dynamics. Subsequently, a gridded forest allocation model was established on the basis of deforestation tendencies. For the grassland cover, we implemented regionspecific methods, such as the cropland area deduction method and the habitat constraint method, to quantitatively reconstruct historical changes. Consequently, we obtained provincial forest and grassland area changes over the past millennium and mapped 10-km-resolution gridded data of forest and grassland cover. The results indicated the following.(1) The methods developed using population data as a proxy objectively reproduced the spatiotemporal evolution of forest and grassland cover in China over the past millennium. These feasible methods offer a novel pathway for the quantitative reconstruction of historical forest and grassland cover changes.(2) The data indicated that China's forest area generally decreased over the past millennium, characterized by a “decrease-then-increase” pattern. The forest area experienced three distinct phases: a slow decline(AD 1000

关键词： Land use and land cover change Forest Grassland Quantitative reconstruction Gridded reconstruction China historical period

Compartmentalized regulation of organelle integrity in neurodegenerative diseases:lessons from the Drosophila motor neuron

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 195-196页

作者： Hyun Sung Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Medical research institute and Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanRepublic of Korea

Neurons are highly polarized,morphologically asymmetric,and functionally compartmentalized cells that contain long axons extending from the cell *** this reason,their maintenance relies on spatiotemporal regulation of organelle distribution between the somatodendritic and axonal *** some organelles,such as mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,are widely distributed throughout the neuron,others are segregated to either the somatodendritic or axonal *** example,Golgi outposts and acidified lysosomes are predominantly present in the somatodendritic domain and rarely distributed along the axon,whereas newly formed autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles are mainly distributed in the distal axon(Britt et al.,2016).

关键词： organelle regulation distribution

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