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Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

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Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 13-27页

作者： Shuang Lei Shi-Jiang Yu Qi Pan Li-Li Ding Si-Chen Li Lu-Yan Cheng Shu-Qi Wang Bing-Hai Lou Jun He Cui-Yun Lei Lin Cong Hao-Qiang Liu Xue-Feng Wang Chun Ran Citrus research institute Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for CitrusChongqingChina

Diaphorina citri is a global citrus *** a vector insect,it can transmit the causative agents of citrus huanglongbing,causing irreversible losses to the citrus *** acquisition of genomic information can provide a molecular genetic basis for effective control of ***,the DNBSEQ™,Oxford Nanopore Technologies,and Hi-C technologies are applied to generate a high-quality chromosome-level genome of *** genome size of *** was 523.78 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 47.05 Mb distributed on 13 chromosomes.A total of 250.64 Mb(47.85%)repeat sequences and 24048 protein-coding genes were *** resequencing of female and male individuals indicated that the sex chromosome system of *** is *** analysis demonstrated that *** and Pachypsylla venusta,which separated from their most recent common ancestor about 336.62 million years ago,were the most closely ***,we identified genes potentially involved in detoxification metabolism,pathogen transmission,and honeydew secretion for further *** high-quality genome provides an important reference for developing effective management strategies of ***.

关键词： Asian citrus psyllid chromosome-level genome comparative genomics cytochrome P450 detoxification Huanglongbing

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Priority effects of forbs arriving early:the role of root interaction and asymmetric competition

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 53-65页

作者： Xiaohong Yan Xiliang Li Ke Jin institute of Grassland research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background The priority effect of plant arrival is a key driver of community assembly and ecosystem succession during the restoration of degraded plant communities. However, the significance of the arrival order of different plant functional groups and their interactions with community assemblies remains unclear. Using a phytotron experiment with three fully crossed factors, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of priority effects and their relationships with the biomass and biodiversity effects in mixed plant communities by manipulating the order of arrival of species, isolation of roots, and removal of specific *** The results showed that the strength and direction of priority effects were influenced by arrival order, root interactions, asymmetric competition among species, and their interactions. The identities of early and late-sown species also determined the magnitude of priority effects. The priority effects were stronger in grass-first(24.76%) and legume-first communities(24.48%) than in forb-first communities. The pot biomass of the different priority treatments was highest in grass-first(5.85 g), followed by legume-first(3.94 g) and forb-first(2.48 g). The order of arrival in the mixture significantly affected the net biodiversity effects(P < 0.001), which were driven by dominance effects. The community had lower overall biomass when forbs were sown first, whereas the species grown later had fewer costs with an increased overall net benefit for the resulting *** Our results emphasize that root interactions and asymmetric competition are vital determinants of order-specific priority effects in community assemblies. In addition, the importance of the priority effect of forbs sown first is related to community assembly, which may be a key determinant in successfully establishing a highly diverse community in the early stages of restoration. Species with weak competition should be considered in the early stage of community ass

关键词： Community assembly Order of arrival Overyielding Plant functional group Root isolation

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Uncovering key salt-tolerant regulators through a combined eQTL and GWAS analysis using the super pan-genome in rice

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 55-69页

作者： Hua Wei Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng Zhang Longbo Yang Qianqian Zhang Yilin Li Huiying He Dandan Chen Bin Zhang Chongke Zheng Yue Leng Xinglan Cao Yan Cui Chuanlin Shi Yifan Liu Yang Lv Jie Ma Wenchuang He Xiangpei Liu Qiang Xu Qiaoling Yuan Xiaoman Yu Tianyi Wang Hongge Qian Xiaoxia Li Bintao Zhang Hong Zhang Wu Chen Mingliang Guo Xiaofan Dai Yuexing Wang Xiaoming Zheng Longbiao Guo Xianzhi Xie Qian Qian Lianguang Shang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute national Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yazhouwan national Laboratory

For sessile plants, gene expression plays a pivotal role in responding to salinity stress by activating or suppressing specific genes. However, our knowledge of genetic variations governing gene expression in response to salt stress remains limited in natural germplasm. Through transcriptome analysis of the Global Mini-Core Rice Collection consisting of a panel of 202 accessions, we identified 22 345 and 27 610expression quantitative trait loci associated with the expression of 7787 and 9361 e Genes under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, leveraging the super pan-genome map. Notably, combined with genome-wide association studies, we swiftly pinpointed the potential candidate gene STG5—a major salt-tolerant locus known as q STS5. Intriguingly, STG5 is required for maintaining Na+/K+homeostasis by directly regulating the transcription of multiple members of the Os HKT gene family. Our study sheds light on how genetic variants influence the dynamic changes in gene expression responding to salinity stress and provides a valuable resource for the mining of salt-tolerant genes in the future.

关键词： super pan-genome expression quantitative trait loci GWAS salt tolerance rice

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BTA2 regulates tiller angle and the shoot gravity response through controlling auxin content and distribution in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第9期66卷 1966-1982页

作者： Zhen Li Junhua Ye Qiaoling Yuan Mengchen Zhang Xingyu Wang Jing Wang Tianyi Wang Hongge Qian Xinghua Wei Yaolong Yang Lianguang Shang Yue Feng China national Center for Rice Improvement State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518124China national Nanfan research institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

Tiller angle is a key agricultural trait that establishes plant architecture,which in turn strongly affects grain yield by influencing planting density in *** shoot gravity response plays a crucial role in the regulation of tiller angle in rice,but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely ***,we report the identification of the BIG TILLER ANGLE2(BTA2),which regulates tiller angle by controlling the shoot gravity response in ***-of-function mutation of BTA2 dramatically reduced auxin content and affected auxin distribution in rice shoot base,leading to impaired gravitropism and therefore a big tiller ***2 interacted with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7(ARF7)to modulate rice tiller angle through the gravity signaling *** BTA2 protein was highly conserved during *** variation in the BTA2 promoter of indica cultivars harboring a less expressed BTA2 allele caused lower BTA2 expression in shoot base and thus wide tiller angle during rice *** of BTA2 significantly increased grain yield in the elite rice cultivar Huanghuazhan under appropriate dense planting *** findings thus uncovered the BTA2-ARF7 module that regulates tiller angle by mediating the shoot gravity *** work offers a target for genetic manipulation of plant architecture and valuable information for crop improvement by producing the ideal plant type.

关键词： auxin domestication gravity response rice tiller angle

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Leaf Morphology Genes SRL1 and RENL1 Co-Regulate Cellulose Synthesis and Affect Rice Drought Tolerance

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 103-117,I0020-I0022页

作者： LIU Dan ZHAO Huibo WANG Zi’an XU Jing LIU Yiting WANG Jiajia CHEN Minmin LIU Xiong ZHANG Zhihai CEN Jiangsu ZHU Li HU Jiang REN Deyong GAO Zhenyu DONG Guojun ZHANG Qiang SHEN Lan LI Qing QIAN Qian HU Songping ZHANG Guangheng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology College of Bioscience and BioengineeringJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Qian Qian Academician Workstation National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and ***,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought *** this study,a drought-sensitive,roll-enhanced,and narrow-leaf mutant(renl1)was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant(srl1)by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS),which was obtained from Nipponbare(NPB)through ***-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase,allelic to NRL1/*** RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles,vesicular cells,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents in cell walls,diminishing the water-holding capacity of *** addition,the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)was decreased,leading to an increase in ROS after drought ***,genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall *** results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance,and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance,thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.

关键词： cellulose cell wall drought tolerance leaf morphology rice

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Temporal and spatial evolution of global major grain trade patterns

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1075-1086页

作者： Ziqi Yin Jiaxuan Hu Jing Zhang Xiangyang Zhou Lingling Li Jianzhai Wu agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Beijing 100038China Zibo agricultural Science research institute Zibo 255000China Zibo institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural research Zibo 255000China

The complex and volatile international landscape has significantly impacted global grain supply security. This study uses a complex network analysis model to examine the evolution and trends of the global major grain trade from 1990 to 2020, focusing on network topology, centrality ranking, and community structure. There are three major findings. First, the global major grain trade network has expanded in scale, with a growing emphasis on diversification and balance. During the study period, the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil were the core nodes of the network. Grain-exporting countries were mainly situated in Asia, the Americas, and Europe, and importing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Second, a significant increase in the number of high centrality countries with high export capacity occurred, benefiting from natural advantages such as fertile land and favorable climates. Third, the main global grain trade network is divided into four communities, with the Americas-Europe community being the largest and most widespread. The formation of the community pattern was influenced by geographic proximity, driven by the core exporting countries. Therefore, the world needs to enhance the existing trade model, promote the multi-polarization of the grain trade network, and establish a global vision for the future community. Countries and regions should participate actively in global grain trade security governance and institutional reform, expand trade links with other countries, and optimize import and export policies to reduce trade risks.

关键词： grain trade pattern evolution complex network

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Identification of the BTA8 gene reveals the contribution of natural variation to tiller angle in rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2868-2871页

作者： Junrong Liu Xingyu Wang Jing Wang Junhua Ye Mengchen Zhang Qun Xu Yaolong Yang Xinghua Wei Baoyan Jia Yue Feng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China national Nanfan research institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

Plant architecture is a collection of major agronomic traits that determines rice grain production,and it is mainly influenced by tillering,tiller angle,plant height and panicle morphology(Wang and Li 2006).Tiller angle is one of the critical components that determines rice plant architecture,which in turn influences grain yield mainly due to its large impact on plant density(Wang et al.2022).

关键词： angle panicle agronomic

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Towards cultivar-oriented gene discovery for better crops

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 670-675页

作者： Dengcai Liu Triticeae research institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina

The continued expansion of the world population,increasingly inconsistent climate and shrinking agricultural resources present major challenges to crop ***,the increasing ability to discover and manipulate genes creates new opportunities to develop more productive and resilient *** genes have been described in papers as being beneficial for yield ***,few of them have been translated into increased yield on *** contrast,commercial breeders are facing gene decidophobia,i.e.,puzzled about which gene to choose for breeding among the many identified,a huge chasm between gene discovery and cultivar *** purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the shortfalls in current gene discovery research and to emphasise the need to align with cultivar *** methodology dictates that genetic studies not only focus on gene discovery but also pay good attention to the genetic backgrounds,experimental validation in relevant environments,appropriate crop management,and data *** close of the gaps should accelerate the application of molecular study in breeding and contribute to future global food security.

关键词： Cultivar innovation Data reusability Gene discovery Gene decidophobia Omnigenic model

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Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on skin greasiness and quality of'Yuluxiang'pear during storage at 20℃

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2476-2490页

作者： Wanting Yu Xinnan Zhang Weiwei Yan Xiaonan Sun Yang Wang Xiaohui Jia research institute of Pomology Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingcheng 125100China

During storage at 20℃,specific pear cultivars may exhibit a greasy texture and decline in quality due to fruit *** these varieties,‘Yuluxiang’is particularly susceptible to peel greasiness,resulting in significant economic ***,there is an urgent need for a preservative that can effectively inhibit the development of *** studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)in extending the storage period of *** hypothesize that it may also influence the occurrence of postharvest peel greasiness in the‘Yuluxiang’*** this study,we treated‘Yuluxiang’pears with *** stored them at 20℃while analyzing the composition and morphology of the surface waxes,recording enzyme activities related to wax synthesis,and measuring indicators associated with fruit storage quality and physiological *** results demonstrate that prolonged storage at 20℃leads to a rapid increase in skin greasiness,consistent with the observed elevations in L^(*),greasiness score,and the content of total wax and greasy wax ***,there were indications that cuticular waxes underwent melting,resulting in the formation of an amorphous *** comparison to controls,the application of 1-MCP significantly inhibited increments in L^(*) values as well as grease scores while also reducing accumulation rates for oily waxes throughout most stages over its shelf period,additionally delaying transitions from flaky-wax structures towards their amorphous *** the initial 7 d of storage,several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of greasy wax components,including lipoxygenase(LOX),phospholipase D(PLD),andβ-ketoacyl-CoA synthase(KCS),exhibited an increase followed by a subsequent *** activity of LOX during early shelf life(0–7 d)and the KCS activity during middle to late shelf life(14–21 d)were significantly suppressed by ***,1-MCP effectively maintained firmness,

关键词： ‘Yuluxiang’pear skin greasiness 1-methylcyclopropene storage quality

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