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A Greener Future: Carbon Nanomaterials from Lignocellulose

Journal of Renewable Materials 2025年第1期13卷 21-47页

作者： Hebat-Allah S.Tohamy Mohamed El-Sakhawy Samir Kamel Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt

Lignocellulosic materials(LCMs),abundant biomass residues,pose signiﬁcant environmental challenges when improperly disposed ***,such as sugarcane bagasse,rice straw,saw dust and agricultural residues,are abun-dant but often burned,contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas *** review explores the potential of transforming these materials into high-value carbon nanomaterials(CNMs).We explore the potential of transforming these materials into high-value *** employing techniques like carbonization and activa-tion,LCMs can be converted into various CNMs,including carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene(G),graphene oxide(GO),carbon quantum dots(CQDs),nanodiamonds(NDs),fullerenes(F),carbon nanoﬁbers(CNFs),and *** different carbon allotropes further enhances their *** derived from cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose exhibit promising applications in diverseﬁ*** instance,CNTs can be used in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical ***,CNTs can be incorporated into recycled paper as aﬁre retardant additive,enhancing itsﬂame resistance.G,renowned for its high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity,ﬁnds applications in electronics,sensors,catalysis,and water treatment,where it can be used to adsorb heavy metal ***,owing to their unique optical properties,are used in bioimaging,drug delivery,and optoelectronic *** harnessing the potential of LCMs,we can not only mitigate environmental concerns but also contri-bute to a sustainable *** research is essential to optimize synthesis methods,explore novel applica-tions,and unlock the full potential of these versatile materials.

关键词： Lignocellulosic materials carbon-based nanomaterials carbon allotropes

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Smoke and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery base on substantial field measurement:A case study in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 386-393页

作者： Huawei Yi Yangyang Cui Lijun Zhu Yan Shen Han Li Guanghan Huang Linzhen Qu Dongdong Guo Lei Nie Yifeng Xue national Engineering research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Vehicle Emission Management Affairs centre Beijing 100176China

To understand the smoke level and NO_(x)emission characteristics of in-use construction machinery in Beijing,we selected 905 construction machines in Beijing from August 2022 to April 2023 to monitor the emission level of smoke and NO_(x).The exhaust smoke level and excessive emission situation of different machinery types were identified,and their NO_(x)emission levels were monitored according to the free acceleration *** investigated the correlation of NO_(x)and smoke emission,and proposed suggestions for controlling pollution discharge from construction machinery in the *** results show that the exhaust smoke level was 0–2.62 m^(−1),followed a log-normal distribution(μ=-1.73,δ=1.09,R^(2)=0.99),with a 5.64%exceedance *** observed amongmachinery types,with low-power engine forklifts showing higher smoke *** NO_(x)emission range was 71–1516 ppm,followed a normal distribution(μ=565.54,δ=309.51,R^(2)=0.83).Differences among machinery types were relatively *** rated net power had the most significant impact on NO_(x)***,NO_(x)emissions from construction machinery need further ***,we found a weak negative correlation(p<0.05)between the emission level of smoke and NO_(x),that is the synergic emission reduction effect is poor,emphasizing the need for NO_(x)emission *** the future,the oversight in Beijing should prioritize phasing out ChinaⅠand ChinaⅡmachinery,and monitor emissions from highpower engine ChinaⅢmachinery.

关键词： Fuel-oil construction machinery Smoke NO_(x) Emission level Regulatory suggestion

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Higher abundance of DLD protein in buffalobull spermatozoa causes elevated ROSproduction leading to early sperm capacitationand reduction in fertilizing ability

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 107-120页

作者： Seema Karanwal Ankit Pal Fanny Josan Aditya Patel Jatinder Singh Chera Sonam Yadav Vikrant Gaur Preeti Verma Shiva Badrhan Vitika Chauhan Mukesh Bhakat Tirtha Kumar Datta Rakesh Kumar Animal Genomics Laboratory Animal Biotechnology DivisionICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnalHaryanaIndia NBGC Laboratory National Bureau of Animal Genetics ResourcesKarnalHaryanaIndia Artificial Breeding research centre LPM DivisionICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnalHaryanaIndia ICAR-Central Institute of research On Goat MakhdoomMathuraUttar PradeshIndia ICAR-Central Institute for research On Buffaloes HisarHaryanaIndia

Backgroud Before fertilization,spermatozoa undergo a crucial maturation step called capacitation,which is a unique event regulates the sperm’s ability for successful *** capacitation process takes place as the spermatozoa pass through the female reproductive tract(FRT).Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase(DLD)protein is a post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme,exhibiting reactive oxygen species(ROS)production which causes ***,other vital functions of DLD in buffalo spermatozoa are hyperactivation and acrosome *** produces the optimum amount of ROS required to induce capacitation process in *** on physiological or patho-physiological conditions,DLD can either enhance or attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in the production of ROS in sperm cells can impact their ability to fertilize by triggering the capacitation and acrosome *** In this study,abundance of DLD protein was quantified between high(n=5)and low fertile bull(n=5)*** was found that compared to high-fertile(HF)bulls,low-fertile(LF)bulls exhibited significantly(P<0.05)higher DLD ***,we optimised the MICA concentration to inhibit DLD function,spermatozoa were treated with MICA in time(0,1,2,3,4,and 5 h)and concentrations(1,2.5,5,and 10 mmol/L)dependent *** DLD inhibition was found to be at 4 h in 10 mmol/L MICA concentration,which was used for further exper-imentation in HF and *** on DLD inhibition it was seen that LF bull spermatozoa exhibited significantly(P<0.05)higher ROS production and acrosome reaction in comparison to the HF bull *** kinematic parameters of the spermatozoa such as percent total motility,velocity parameters(VCL,VSL,and VAP)and other parameters(BCF,STR,and LIN)were also decreased in MICA treated spermatozoa in comparison to the control(capacitated)*** The present study provides an initial

关键词： Acrosome reaction Capacitation High fertile bull Low fertile bull Protein Reactive oxygen species Spermatozoa

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Effect of Eu-Er substitution on structural,optical,dielectric,and electrical properties of Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) hexaferrite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 115-123,I0005页

作者： Jayashri Mahapatro Sher Singh Meena Sadhana Agrawal Department of Physics National Institute of Technology RaipurRaipur492010India Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai400085MSIndia

The present work reports the structural,optical,dielectric,and electrical properties of Eu-Er substituted M-type Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19)(x=0.0.05,0.1,0.15,and 0.2)hexaferrites synthesized by sol-gel combustion *** hexagonal structure of the Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) samples was confirmed from X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** values of lattice parameters of the Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19)samples are increased as compared to Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Fe_(12)O_(19) *** increase in the value of lattice parameters is attributed to the substitution of larger cations(Eu^(3+)and Er^(3+))in place of smaller cations(Fe^(3+)ions).The crystallite sizes of the Ba0.5Sr0.5EuxErxFe12-2x019 samples also increase due to the substitution of larger *** force constants(K_o and K_t)increases with increasing Eu-Er *** octahedral cluster shifts towards the higher wavenumber side whereas the tetrahedral cluster shifts towards the lower wavenumber side due to Eu-Er substitution in the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)*** photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra for the Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) samples are observed at 365 *** dielectric dispersion in the Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) samples can be understood by Koop's theory and Maxwell-Wagner type of inte rfacial *** Jonscher's power law and the co rrelated barrier hopping(CBH)model,the frequency and temperature-dependent be haviour of ac conductivity of Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) samples are *** temperature-dependent behaviour of the dc conductivity of the Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Eu_(x)Er_(x)Fe_(12-2x)O_(19) samples is explained by the variable range hopping(VRH)*** Motto temperature of the sample varies from 4.55×10^(9) to 2.31×10^(8) *** estimated maximum barrier height(WM)of the compound varies from 0.6603 to 0.1199 *** temperature coefficient and activation energy

关键词： Sol-gel process Porosity Dielectric properties Ferrites Rare earths

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Personalized federated few-shot node classification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 204-218页

作者： Yunfeng ZHAO Xintong HE Guoxian YU Jun WANG Yongqing ZHENG Carlotta DOMENICONI School of Software Shandong University Joint SDU-NTU centre for Artificial Intelligence research Shandong University Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science George Mason University

Personalized federated learning(PFL) aims to train customized models for individual clients in a decentralized setting, with the account of non-independent and identically distributed data across clients. However, most PFL methods adopt uniform classification layers for diverse clients and give rise to error-prone predictions, due to the task heterogeneity notably prominent in decentralized graph data scenarios. Although some PFL solutions setup client-specific classification layers for each client and optimize them only locally, they are corrupted with limited local training data. We propose an innovative solution called federated parameter decoupling and node augmentation(Fed PANo) to address these problems and to achieve personalized federated few-shot node classification, which is a prevalent and challenging but unexplored topic. Specifically, Fed PANo first separates the local model into the GNN and classifier to handle unique client-specific task variations. The GNN is trained through federated learning to capture shared knowledge of graph nodes across clients, while the classifier is custom-designed and trained individually for each client. Additionally, a generic classifier shared among clients is adopted to encourage the GNN's grasp of shared information. Then Fed PANo further proposes the node generator along with its local and collaborative training strategies to deal with the node scarcity of clients. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets confirm that Fed PANo outperforms eight competitive baselines across different settings.

关键词： personalized federated learning few-shot learning node classification task heterogeneity parameter decoupling node augmentation

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16.48% Efficient solution-processed CIGS solar cells with crystal growth and defects engineering enabled by Ag doping strategy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 59-65页

作者： Mengyu Xu Shaocong Yan Ting Liang Jia Jia Shengjie Yuan Dongxing Kou Zhengji Zhou Wenhui Zhou Yafang Qi Yuena Meng Litao Han Sixin Wu Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE National&Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Nanoscience and Materials EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina

Solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS) solar cells suffer from serious carrier recombination and power conversion efficiency(PCE) loss because of the poor film properties and easy formation of ***, we propose Ag&Se co-selenization strategy to enhance the crystallization and passivate harmful defects of the CIGS films. The formation of Ag-Se phase during the selenization process enables the formation of large grains and suppresses the deep level defects. It is found that Ag doping can enlarge the depletion region width, lower the Urbach energy and prolong the carrier lifetime. As a result, a champion solution-processed CIGS solar cell presents a high efficiency of 16.48% with the highly improved opencircuit voltage(VOC) of 662 m V and fill factor(FF) of 75.8%. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare high quality solution-processed CIGS films for high-performance CIGS solar cells.

关键词： CIGS solarcells Solution-processedmethod Ag doping Crystal growth Defects engineering

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Structural and microwave absorption properties of CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 221-232页

作者： Yuanchun Zhang Shengtao Gao Xingzhao Zhang Dacheng Ma Chuanlei Zhu Jun He Joint national-Local Engineering research centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

Electromagnetic interference,which necessitates the rapid advancement of substances with exceptional capabilities for bsorbing electromagnetic waves,is of urgent concern in contemporary *** this work,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/residual carbon from coal gasification fine slag(CFO/RC)composites were created using a novel hydrothermal *** mechanisms for microwave absorption,including conductive loss,natural resonance,interfacial dipole polarization,and magnetic flux loss,are involved in these ***,compared with pure residual carbon materials,this composite offers superior capabilities in microwave *** 7.76GHz,the CFO/RC-2 composite achieves an impressive minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-43.99 dB with a thickness of 2.44 ***,CFO/RC-3 demonstrates an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of up to 4.16 GHz,accompanied by a thickness of *** study revealed the remarkable capability of the composite to diminish electromagnetic waves,providing a new generation method for microwave absorbing materials of superior quality.

关键词： coal gasification slag residual carbon hydrothermal method microwave absorption CoFe_(2)O_(4)

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Microwave-Assisted Acetylated Lignin Loaded into Cellulose Acetate for Efficient UV-Shielding Films

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2025年第2期13卷 401-412页

作者： Ahmed M.Khalil Samir Kamel Photochemistry Department National Research CentreGiza12622Egypt Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreGiza12622Egypt

Developing favorable bio-based polymers that replace petroleum-based plastics is an essential environmental *** is a by-product of the chemical pulping *** is a natural UV protection ingredient in broad-spectrum(UVA and UVB)*** could be partially and selectively acetylated in a simple,fast,and more reliable *** this work,a composite film was prepared with UV-resistant properties through a casting ***-based cellulose acetate(CA)was employed as a major matrix while nano-acetylated kraft lignin(AL-NPs)was used as filler during synthesizing UV-shielding films loaded with various amounts(1–5 wt.%)of *** lignin was acetylated through a simple and fast microwave-assisted process using acetic acid as a solvent and acetylating *** physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the prepared films were evaluated using different methods,including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),mechanical testing and contact angle *** UV-Vis spectroscopy optical investigation of the prepared films revealed that AL-NPs in the CA matrix showed strong UV *** feature demonstrated the effectiveness of our research in developing UV-resistant bio-based polymer ***,the prepared films can be considered as successful candidates to be applied in packaging applications.

关键词： Cellulose acetate microwave-assisted acetylation nano lignin acetate UV-shielding

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Site-specific patterns of fine root biomass formation across European coniferous forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第1期12卷 104-111页

作者： Yury Karpechko Anna Karpechko Andrej Tuyunen Forest research Institute of the Karelian research centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 11 Pushkinskaya StPetrozavodskKarelia185910Russia

Fine roots play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial *** of fine roots biomass formation for broad geographical areas are still *** use published estimates of characteristics of European pine and spruce stands to determine their productivity and calculate the needle ***,the relationship between the fine-root:needle biomass ratio of European pine and spruce forests and the stand quality index,which is a proxy of soil fertility,was *** show that a rise in soil fertility is accompanied by a decrease in this *** from the northern edge of the boreal zone southwards,with the related rise in air and soil temperatures,we see a decline in the mass ratio of fine roots and *** change in the fine-root:needle biomass ratio is controlled by the change in specific water uptake by roots,which is related to the osmotic pressure of the solution in the absorbing root's central vascular *** fine-root:needle ratio does not vary among stands of the same age if the stand quality index and the geographical latitude(a proxy of air and soil temperatures)are *** findings may be useful for further in-depth analysis of forest ecosystem functioning in Europe.

关键词： Fine-root:needle biomass ratio Stand quality class Soil fertility Latitudinal variation Allometric equation

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Acellular scaffold‑based approach for in situ genetic engineering of host T‑cells in solid tumor immunotherapy

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Military Medical research 2025年第1期12卷 16-35页

作者： Hiren Y.Dandia Mamatha M.Pillai Deepak Sharma Meghna Suvarna Neha Dalal Ayush Madhok Arvind Ingle Shubhada V.Chiplunkar Sanjeev Galande Prakriti Tayalia Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India centre of Excellence in Epigenetics Department of BiologyIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPune 411008India Advanced centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer(ACTREC)Tata Memorial CentreKhargharMumbai 410210India

Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological ***,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessibility and *** delivery of tumor-specific T-cells using biomaterials has shown promise,however,procedures required for genetic modification and generation of a sufficient number of tumor-specific T-cells ex vivo remain major obstacles due to cost and time ***:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-based three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds were developed and conjugated with positively charged poly-L-lysine(PLL)using carbamide chemistry for efficient loading of lentiviruses(LVs)carrying tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors(TCRs).The physical and biological properties of the scaffold were extensively ***,the scaffold loaded with OVA-TCR LVs was implanted in B16F10 cells expressing ovalbumin(B16-OVA)tumor model to evaluate the anti-tumor response and the presence of transduced ***:Our findings demonstrate that the scaffolds do not induce any systemic inflammation upon subcutaneous implantation and effectively recruit T-cells to the *** B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice,the scaffolds efficiently transduce host T-cells with OVA-specific *** genetically modified T-cells exhibit homing capability towards the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs,resulting in a significant reduction of tumor size and systemic increase in anti-tumor *** cell profiling revealed a significantly high percentage of transduced T-cells and a notable reduction in suppressor immune cells within the tumors of mice implanted with these ***:Our scaffold-based T-cell therapy presents an innovative in situ localized approach for programming T-cells to target solid *** approach offers a viable alternative to in vitro manipulation of T-cells,circumventing the need for large-scale in vitro generat

关键词： Polyethylene glycol diacrylate Poly-L-lysine Lentiviruses T-cell therapy B16F10-OVA melanoma

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