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The Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Clustering of Measles—China,2005-2022

China CDC weekly 2024年第27期6卷 665-669页

作者： Qianqian Liu Jiuhong Li Siyu Liu Lin Tang Xiaoqi Wang Aodi Huang Xia Xu Yuexin Xiu Hong Yang Ning Wen Lance Rodewald Fuzhen Wang Zundong Yin national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Immunization ProgramChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In recent years,the incidence of measles in China has consistently remained below 1 per 100,000 population,yet the disease has not been *** study aims to comprehensively analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2005 to 2022,identify high-risk populations and areas,and propose targeted ***:We utilized data from the China Disease Prevention and control Information System for our comprehensive *** autocorrelation was employed to examine the spatial clustering of measles,while spatiotemporal scanning analysis was used to detect spatiotemporal clustering to describe measles epidemiology during the study ***:Between 2005 and 2022,732,218 measles cases were reported in ***,the incidence of measles exhibited a downward trend,particularly during the periods of 2008-2011 and *** 2022,the incidence rate reached its historical low at 0.039 per 100,000 *** predominantly affects young *** 2017,global spatial clustering has diminished,although hotspot areas persist in the western ***-temporal scanning identified a high-incidence cluster from 2005 to 2008,comprising 15 provinces in the western,central,and northern regions of ***,from 2016 to 2022,a low-incidence cluster was detected in the southern and central ***:China has made significant progress in measles prevention and *** recent low incidence and absence of substantial spatiotemporal clustering indicate that China is nearing measles ***,there is a continuing need to enhance prevention and control efforts among very young children and in historic incidence hotspots in western ***,improving the diagnosis of vaccine-associated rash illnesses is essential.

关键词： prevention Spatial utilized

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A Scoping Review of Real-World Study in Vaccine Evaluation

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 357-362页

作者： Lei Wang Hong Yang Lanfang Xia Quanwei Song Na Liu Guomin Zhang Fuzhen Wang Huaqing Wang national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina national Immunization program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Real-world study(RWS)gained prominence starting with a significant investigation on ramipril’s impact on hypertension in 1993(1).A key advancement for the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)occurred with the enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act in 2016,emphasizing RWS(2).The FDA’s Real-world Evidence program establishes real-world data(RWD)as“data relating to patient health status and/or the delivery of health care routinely collected from a variety of sources”,while real-world evidence(RWE)is“clinical evidence about the usage and potential benefits or risks of a medical product derived from analysis of RWD”(3).The proliferation of big data,electronic medical records(EMR),electronic health records(EHR),and medical claims data offers vast information resources facilitating *** access to RWD allows for worldwide monitoring of the impacts of various public health initiatives like vaccination *** randomized clinical trials(RCTs)traditionally gauge vaccine efficacy and shortterm safety,RWS can assess vaccine performance and safety across larger,more diverse populations and are adept at identifying rare events not easily discernible in RCTs due to their infrequency.

关键词： routine gained traditionally

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Associations Between Changes in Physical Activity and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Adults With/Without Hypertension—China,2010-2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第40期6卷 1038-1043页

作者： Xiaoyong He Tingfang Ai Fan Mao Run Zhang Xiaoqing You Jianhong Li national Center for Chronic and noncommunicable Disease control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Previous studies indicate that an increase in physical activity can diminish the risk of ***,the relationship between longitudinal changes in physical activity and health improvement among Chinese adults with or without hypertension has not been *** is added by this report?This study found that increasing or maintaining moderate to high physical activity levels reduced the risk of all-cause mortality,irrespective of the baseline physical activity *** addition,the beneficial effects were particularly pronounced in people with *** are the implications for public health practice?It may be beneficial to encourage adults in China,especially those with hypertension,to actively increase physical activity and deter the issue of physical inactivity that accompanies aging.

关键词： mortality hypertension companies

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Impact of national Immunization Strategies on Vaccine- Preventable diseases — China, 1950–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 339-343页

作者： Quanwei Song Yixing Li Lei Cao Lixin Hao Ning Wen Fuzhen Wang Chao Ma Guomin Zhang Hui Zheng Wenzhou Yu Zhijie An Zundong Yin Huaqing Wang national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina national Immunization program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?The incidences of vaccine-preventable diseases(VPDs)included in the Expanded program on Immunization in China have decreased significantly in recent *** is added by this report?This study summarizes the national incidences of nine VPDs and the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)under different immunization strategies from 1950 through 2021 in *** sharpest decreases in VPD incidence and under-5-year HBsAg seroprevalence occurred during the latest stage of the national Immunization *** decreases in VPD incidence were most prominent among children under five years of *** are the implications for public health practice?These findings provide valuable insights for vaccine value assessment and emphasize the importance of implementing immunization strategies in targeted populations.

关键词： vaccine diseases Impact

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Thirty Years of Experience of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance for Polio — China, 1993–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 344-349页

作者： Hong Yang Ning Wen Chunxiang Fan Fuzhen Wang Yong Zhang Lei Cao Shuangli Zhu Lixin Hao Dongmei Yan Lei Wang Quanwei Song Miao Wang Yifan Song Chao Ma Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina national Immunization program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute for Viral Disease control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Detecting poliovirus infections proves to be highly challenging due to their asymptomatic nature and infectious potential,highlighting the crucial importance of effective detection methods in the context of polio eradication *** many countries,including China,the primary approach for identifying polio outbreaks has been through acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)*** this study,we conducted an evaluation spanning three decades(1993–2022)to assess the effectiveness of AFP surveillance in ***:Data on all AFP cases identified since 1993 and national-level AFP surveillance system quality indicators aligned with the World Health Organization(WHO)standards were collected for *** quality indicators assess surveillance sensitivity,completeness,timeliness of detection notification,case investigation,and laboratory *** sensitivity is determined by the non-polio AFP(NPAFP)detection rate among children under 15 years of ***:Between 1993 and 2022,a total of 150,779 AFP cases were identified and *** this pool,surveillance identified 95 cases of wild poliovirus(WPV)and 24 cases due to vaccinederived *** 1995 onwards,the detection rate of NPAFP cases consistently adhered to the WHO and national standards of≥1 case per 100,000,falling between 1.38 and *** in 1997,all timeliness indicators consistently achieved the criteria of 80%,apart from the consistency in meeting standards set for the rate of positive specimens sent to the national ***:AFP surveillance has been instrumental in China’s accomplishment of maintaining a polio-free *** ongoing adherence to key performance indicators,ensuring sensitivity and prompt specimen collection,demonstrates that AFP surveillance is proficient in detecting poliovirus in *** we move into the post-eradication phase,AFP surveillance remains crucial for the sustained absence of polioviruses in the long term.

关键词： sustained prompt surveillance

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Comparison of Statistical Signal Detection Methods in Adverse Events Following Immunization — China, 2011–2015

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 350-356,I0001页

作者： Lanfang Xia Keli Li Yan Li Zhijie An Quanwei Song Lei Wang Zundong Yin Huaqing Wang national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina national Immunization program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:The current study aims to assess the performance of data mining techniques in detecting safety signals for adverse events following immunization(AEFI)using routinely obtained data in *** different methods for detecting vaccine safety signals were ***:The AEFI data from 2011 to 2015 was collected for our *** analyzed the data using four different methods to detect signals:the proportional reporting ratio(PRR),reporting odds ratio(ROR),Bayesian confidence propagation neural network(BCPNN),and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker(MGPS).Each method was evaluated at 1–3 thresholds for *** assess the performance of these methods,we used the published signal rates as gold standards to determine the sensitivity and ***:The number of identified signals varied from 602 for PRR1(with a threshold of 1)to 127 for *** considering the common reactions as the reference standard,the sensitivity ranged from 0.9%for MGPS1/2 to 38.2%for PRR1/2,and the specificity ranged from 85.2%for PRR1 and ROR1 to 96.7%for *** considering the rare reactions as the reference standard,PRR1,PRR2,ROR1,ROR2,and BCPNN exhibited the highest sensitivity(73.3%),while MGPS1 exhibited the highest specificity(96.9%).Discussion:For common reactions,the sensitivities were modest and the specificities were *** rare reactions,both the sensitivities and specificities were *** study provides valuable insights into the selection of signal detection methods and thresholds for AEFI data in China.

关键词： specificity routine vaccine

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Accuracy and precision of dried urine spot method for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigens in resource-limited settings

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 103-104页

作者： Abdallah Zacharia Clemence Kinabo Twilumba Makene Huda Omary George Ogweno Faraja Lyamuya Billy Ngasala Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania national Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Tanzania Neglected Tropical diseases control program Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania

Background The World Health Organization recommends the use of Schisto point-of-care circulating cathodic anti-gens(Schisto POC-CCA)for screening of Schistosoma mansoni as it offers better sensitivity than ***,there are limitation facing the use of this method including timely availability of the test *** aim of this study was to determine the reliability of dried urine spot(DUS)method for collection of urine and detection of *** using Schisto POC-CCA cassettes in a resource-limited *** A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2022 among 250 primary school children in Sengerema District,northwestern *** CCA was detected in filter paper-based DUSs,liquid urine using DUS Schisto POC-CCA(index),and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(comparator)methods *** eggs in stool were detected using duplicate Kato-Katz(KK)*** measures of accuracy were com-puted and compared between the index and comparator *** strength of agreement between inter-raters precisions was tested using Cohen's kappa(k).Results This study revealed *** prevalence rates of 28.8%,54.0%and 50.8%by duplicate KK,direct urine Schisto POC-CCA and DUS Schisto POC-CCA methods *** mean intensity of infection among infected participants Was 86.3 eggs per gram of stool(EPG)ranging from 12.0 EPG to 824.0 *** sensitivity of DUS Schisto POC-CCA and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA Was 94.44%(95%CI:89.15-99.74%)and 97.22%(95%CI:93.43-100.00%)*** DUS Schisto POC-CCA method had slightly higher specificity(66.85%)than direct urine Schisto POC-CCA method(63.48%).The accuracy of the DUS Schisto POC-CCA Was found to be slightly high(74.80%,95%CI:68.94-79.06%)compared to that of direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(73.20%,95%CI:67.25-78.59%).There was good agreement between two laboratory technologists who performed the DUS Schisto POC-CCA method on similar samples(k=0.80,95%CI:0.59-0.95).Con

关键词： Accuracy Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Dried urine spot Schistosoma mansoni Sensiti Specificity

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Risk Assessments for Type 1 Wild Poliovirus and Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Importation and Transmission—China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第42期6卷 1098-1104,I0007,I0008页

作者： Wei Kang Chunxiang Fan Yifan Song Zhaonan Zhang Xiaoqi Wang Miao Wang Jing Ma Mulei Chen Yuzhen Yang Yi Wen Lei Cao Lance Rodewald Fuzhen Wang Zundong Yin Ning Wen Hong Yang national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina national Immunization program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Education and Training of Chinese Center for Disease control and Prevention BeijingChina

Introduction:All countries face the potential threat of imported polioviruses,including both wild type and circulating vaccine-derived *** response,we conducted a province-level assessment in China to evaluate the risk of importation and transmission of type 1 wild poliovirus(WPV1)and type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV2).Methods:Distinct risk assessment tools for WPV1 and VDPV2 were employed,incorporating three primary indicators—population immunity,poliovirus surveillance,and importation ***1 was assessed using 13 secondary indicators,whereas VDPV2 utilized 21 secondary *** used comprehensive provincial data from the preceding five ***(S-values)were derived from the secondary indicators’criteria and ratings,and used to classify the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)into three risk categories:high,medium,and *** top 10%of PLADs were designated as highrisk,with the remaining provinces equally distributed into medium-and low-risk ***:In 2023,Xizang,Qinghai,and Xinjiang PLADs faced the highest risk of WPV1 importation and transmission;Xizang,Shaanxi,and Hainan PLADs were at the greatest risk for VDPV2 importation and ***:Risk assessment for VDPV2 importation and transmission has identified a distinct set of high-risk provinces compared to those identified by WPV1 risk *** and proactive response measures tailored to the specific risks should be implemented to maintain China’s polio-free status.

关键词： immunity maintain utilized

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Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant and Pertactin-and Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis Strains—Beijing,China,2022-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第20期6卷 437-441页

作者： Guilan Zhou Ying Li Hairui Wang Yuanyuan Wang Yuan Gao Juan Xu Fengshuang Wang Tao Peng Maojun Zhang Zhujun Shao national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Shunyi District Center for Disease control and Prevention BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Pertussis has reemerged as a significant public health threat,primarily due to variations in Bordetella pertussis strains,antimicrobial resistance,and vaccine *** is added by this report?All isolated strains were identified as ptxA1/ptxC2/ptxP3/prn150/fim2-1/fim3-1/fhaB1/tcfA2 type and exhibited resistance to erythromycin.

关键词： vaccine pertussis primarily

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Establishment and Application of a Radiation Dose Rate Model for Nuclear Medicine Examinees

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China CDC weekly 2024年第23期6卷 553-557,I0019-I0025页

作者： Yuehua Hu Xinyu He Wenjia Zhao Lixin Ding Meiying You Zihan Li Xinyu Liu Miaomiao Wang Siyi Chen Ziwei Lu Lei Qu Kuke Ding Li Zhang Qiuxian Fu Office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Oncology Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan CityShandong ProvinceChina national Institute for Radiological Protection Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina national Center for Chronic and noncommunicable Disease control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Laboratory Animal Center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina national Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina Office of Public Health Management Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Hainan Medical University Haikou CityHainan ProvinceChina

Introduction:Traditional methods for determining radiation dose in nuclear medicine include the Monte Carlo method,the discrete ordinate method,and the point kernel integration *** study presents a new mathematical model for predicting the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine ***:A new algorithm was created by combining the physical model of“cylinder superposition”of the human body with integral analysis to assess the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine ***:The model accurately predicted radiation dose rates within distances of 0.1–3.0 m,with a deviation of less than 11%compared to observed *** model demonstrated greater accuracy at shorter distances from the radiation source,with a deviation of only 1.55%from observed values at 0.1 ***:The model proposed in this study effectively represents the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiation field around nuclear medicine patients and demonstrates good agreement with actual *** model has the potential to serve as a radiation dose rate alert system in hospital environments.

关键词： method. deviation cylinder

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