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燃烧源氨排放对灰霾期间北京大气铵的重要贡献

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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 978-987页

作者：吴礼彬王芃张强任红 Zongbo Shi 胡伟陈静谢巧蓉李林杰越思瑶韦莲芳宋琳琳张永根王子涵陈爽韦琬王小曼章炎麟孔少飞葛宝珠杨婷方运霆任露洁邓君俊孙业乐王自发张宏亮胡建林刘丛强 Roy M.Harrison Qi Ying 傅平青 Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Division of Environmental Health&Risk Management School of GeographyEarth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment ChangeNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and TechnologySchool of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Zachr

Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human *** the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality ***,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in *** stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted *** contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean ***-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously *** effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.

关键词： Particulate ammonium Nitrogen isotope PM2.5 The Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) Control policy

Effects of Corn Stover Incorporated in Dry Farmland on soil Fertility

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2001年第1期 95-101页

作者： WANG Xiao-bin Cai Dian-xiong ZHANG Jing-qing GAO Xu-ke soil and fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 Soil and Fertilizer Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081

Seven years' field experiments on application of corn stover and/or cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizers were carried out in Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental station. Results showed that the increased available N in the plough layer was mainly influenced by the application of cattle manure; the available P was mainly influenced by the application of chemical fertilizer; the available K was mainly influenced by the incorporation of corn stover. The organic matter contents in the soils treated with corn stover or cattle manure were kept in balance under the experimental conditions. Corn yield and water use efficiency were influenced significantly not only by fertilizer N but also by incorporated corn stover. The results suggested that the highest N uptake, yield and water use efficiency could be obtained at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 6000 kg corn stover, and 1500 kg cattle manure per hectare. The experiments supplied information on nutrient recycling and use of corn stover as sources of fodder and organic fertilizer for balancing application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield with incorporation of corn stover in soil.

关键词： Corn Dryland soil fertility Corn stover

Biochar and organic substitution improved net ecosystem economic benefit in intensive vegetable production

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 419-435页

作者： Ruiyu Bi Qianqian Zhang Liping Zhan Xintong Xu Xi Zhang Yubing Dong Xiaoyuan Yan Zhengqin Xiong Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuaian 223001China State Key Lab of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Biochar amendment and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic manure(organic substitution)have been widely reported to increase crop production and decrease reactive nitrogen(Nr)loss including nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),nitric oxide(NO),and ammonia(NH3)emissions,and N runoff and ***,few comprehensive evalua-tions have been performed on the environmental and economic aspects of biochar amendment or organic ***,we studied the comprehensive effects of biochar amendment,organic substitution,and biochar amendment combined with organic substitution on crop production,Nr loss,and net ecosystem economic benefit(NEEB)in intensive vegetable production by integrating life-cycle assessment for Nr footprints,empirical models for NH3 volatilization and N runoff and leaching derived from peer-reviewed publications and validated by the current measurements and direct field measurement for N_(2)O and NO emissions during 5 consecutive years of vegetable crop *** fertilization treatments were applied(SN:synthetic fertilizer application;SNB:SN plus 20 t ha^(−1)biochar amendment;SNM:substituting 50%of chemical N fertilizer with organic manure;SNMB:SNM plus 20 t ha^(−1)biochar amendment;and CK:no fertilizer or biochar addition).Compared with the SN,the SNB increased vegetable yield(28.4%,p<0.05;interannually varying from−10 to 74.9%)and nitrogen use efficiency(29.2%,interannually varying from−39.7 to 150.4%),and decreased field Nr loss(45.4%,p<0.01;interannually varying from−40.3 to 78.4%),and thus improved NEEB by 7.1%;meanwhile,the SNM increased vegetable yield(11.6%,interannually varying from−5.4 to 27.1%)and nitrogen use efficiency(45.7%,p<0.05;interannually varying from 2.3 to 154%),reduced field Nr loss(34.9%,p<0.01;interannually varying from 8.4-39.0%),and thus improved NEEB by 17.8%(p<0.05)compared to the SN,being 56.0×10^(3)Chinese Yuan(CNY)ha^(−1)crop^(−1).Due to the high foreground Nr loss during organic manure production and high input

关键词： Biochar amendment Organic substitution Crop production Reactive nitrogen Nitrogen footprint Net ecosystem economic benefit

Ecological and Economic Benefits of Vegetation Management Measures in Citrus Orchards on Red soils

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 214-221页

作者： SHUI Jian-Guo WANG Qiu-Zhen LIAO Gen-Qing J. AU J. L. ALLARD Institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 （China） College of Management Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 （China） soil ＆ fertilizer station of Wucheng District Jinhua 321000 （China） Syngenta （China） Investment Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200041 （China） Syngenta Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. 250 North Bridge Road Singapore 179101 （Singapore）

A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of *** vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage *** weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod *** sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year *** citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage *** general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region

关键词：红土地生态学经济效益柑橘除草剂植被管理

Using diffusive gradients in thin films technique for in-situ measurement of labile phosphorus around Oryza sativa L. roots in flooded paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 76-82页

作者： Yu WANG Hao CHEN Lei WANG Wenbin ZHU Jiahui YUAN Deb P.JAISI Xu ZHAO Shenqiang WANG State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Organic Food Development Center Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Environmental ProtectionNanjing 210042China Department of Plant and soil Sciences University of DelawareNewark DE 19716(USA)

Behavior of phosphorus(P) in flooded rice soil is controlled by iron(Fe) redox cycling in root-zone. In this study, we applied a novel approach—the diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) technique—for investigating the in-situ distribution of labile phosphorus(P) and Fe in close proximity to Asian rice(Oryza sativa L.) roots at submillimeter to millimeter spatial resolutions during the seedling and booting stages. We conducted a seven-year field experiment under rice-wheat rotation with different P fertilizer treatments. The results showed a significant and strong positive relationship of the average DGT-labile P concentration with soil Olsen P(R2= 0.77, P soils, similar to when fertilizer was applied only in the rice season;dissolved P concentrations, however, were lower. A co-occurrence and significant positive correlation(P soils. These results collectively indicated that the DGT technique provided information on in-situ distribution of labile P and its variability in close proximity to rice roots. This suggests that the DGT technique can improve our understanding of in-situ and high-resolution labile P processes in paddy soils and can provide useful information for optimizing P fertilization.

关键词： fertilization reduction labile P rice root Zr-oxide DGT Fe-P coupling

Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers stabilizes soil N-cycling microflora

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soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 5-11页

作者： Ruibo Sun Daozhong Wang Zhibin Guo Keke Hua Xisheng Guo Yan Chen Binbin Liu Haiyan Chu State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protectionand Eco-RestorationCollege of Resources and EnvironmentAnhui Agricultural University130 ChangjiangxiluHefei 230036China soil and fertilizer Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences40 South Nongke RoadHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil EcologyCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences286 Huaizhong RoadShijiazhuang 050021China

Straw and manure are widely applied to agricultural systems,and greatly shape soil N-cycling ***,we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how these organic materials structure soil N-cycling microbial *** this study,metagenomic analysis was performed to investigate the compositional variation in N-cycling microbial communities in a 30-year long-term experiment under five fertilization regimes:no fertilization(Control),chemical fertilization only(NPK),and NPK with wheat straw(NPK+HS),pig manure(NPK+PM),and cow manure(NPK+CM).Long-term NPK application differentially changed N-cycling gene abundance and greatly altered N-cycling microbial community ***+HS resulted in a similar pattern to NPK in terms of gene abundance and community ***,NPK+PM and NPK+CM significantly increased most genes and resulted in a community similar to that of the *** analysis revealed that serious soil acidification caused by long-term NPK fertilization was a major factor for the variation in N-cycling microbial *** addition of alkaline manure,rather than wheat straw,stabilized the N-cycling microbial community structure presumably by alleviating soil *** results revealed the strong impact of soil acidification on microbial N-cycling communities and illustrated the possibility of resolving nitrogen-related environmental problems by manipulating pH in acidified agricultural soils.

关键词： microbial nitrogen cycle metagenomics long-term fertilization soil acidification manure

Quantification of the redox properties of microplastics and their effect on arsenite oxidation

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Fundamental Research 2023年第5期3卷 777-785页

作者： Lin Chen Dengjun Wang Tianran Sun Tingting Fan Song Wu Guodong Fang Min Yang Dongmei Zhou State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Microplastics have attracted global *** environmental-weathering processes control their fate,transport,transformation,and toxicity to wildlife and human health,but their impacts on biogeochemical redox processes remain largely ***,multiple spectroscopic and electrochemical approaches in concert with wet-chemistry analyses were employed to characterize the redox properties of weathered *** spectroscopic results indicated that weathering of phenol-formaldehyde resins(PFs)by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)led to a slight decrease in the content of phenol functional groups,accompanied by an increase in semiquinone radicals,quinone,and carboxylic *** and wet-chemistry quantifications,coupled with microbial-chemical characterizations,demonstrated that the PFs exhibited appreciable electron-donating capacity(0.264-1.15 mmol e-g^(-1))and electron-accepting capacity(0.120-0.300 mmol e-g^(-1)).Specifically,the phenol groups and semiquinone radicals were responsible for the electron-donating capacity,whereas the quinone groups dominated the electron-accepting *** reversible redox peaks in the cyclic voltammograms and the enhanced electron-donating capacity after accepting electrons from microbial reduction demonstrated the reversibility of the electron-donating and-accepting *** importantly,the electron-donating phenol groups and weathering-induced semiquinone radicals were found to mediate the production of H2O2 from oxygen for arsenite *** addition to the H2O2-weathered PFs,the ozone-aged PF and polystyrene were also found to have electron-donating and arsenite-oxidation *** study reports important redox properties of microplastics and their effect in mediating contaminant *** findings will help to better understand the fate,transformation,and biogeochemical roles of microplastics on element cycling and contaminant fate.

关键词： Microplastics Weathering Redox property Semiquinone radicals Electron-donating and-accepting capacity Arsenite oxidation

Field Efficacy Trials of Different Pesticides against Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2014年第2期5卷 10-12,28页

作者： Zhao Li Hong Wenying Wu Yanjun Wang Yanxin Chen Rui Zhang Linying Hanzhou General station of Plant Protection and soil-fertilizer

Field efficacy trials of different pesticides against Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella showed that seven pesticides had certain control effects against *** and P. xylostella. 240 g/L Chlorfenapyr SC had the most ideal control effect,with quick effect and long persistence,and the control effects against P. rapae and P. xylostella were 91. 96% and 95. 73% after application for 7 d,respectively. 25% Thiamethoxam WDG 3 000 times dilution had the poorest control effect,and quick effect and persistence were not ideal; the control effects against P. rapae and P. xylostella were 49. 21% and 57. 20% after application for 7 d,respectively. The remaining pesticides had good control effect against both P. rapae and P. xylostella,with certain persistence. Slight injury such as yellowing tender leaves appeared in the area treated with 50% thiocyclam SP,although the injury was reversible,it was still not recommended to use; no other treatments had adverse effects on growth of cabbage.

关键词： Pieris rapae Plutella xylostella Control effect

Green manuring facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments of subsequent tobacco

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第4期22卷 1199-1215页

作者： LIANG Hai FU Li-bo CHEN Hua ZHOU Guo-peng GAO Song-juan CAO Wei-dong College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Green manure–crop rotation is a sustainable approach to protect crops against diseases and improve ***,the mechanism by which green manuring manipulates the crop-associated microbial community remains to be *** this study,we explored the horizontal processes of bacterial communities in different compartments of the soil–root interface(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil,rhizoplane and endosphere)of tobacco by performing a field experiment including four rotation practices,namely,tobacco rotated with smooth vetch,ryegrass,radish,and winter fallow(without green manure).Results showed that the co-occurrence networks constructed by adjacent compartments of the soil–root interface with green manuring had more edges than without green manuring,indicating dramatic microbial *** manuring increased the dispersal-niche continuum index between bulk soil and other compartments,indicating that it facilitated the horizontal dispersal of *** the different green manuring practices,the neutral community model explained 24.6–27.6%of detection frequency for bacteria,and at least one compartment under each practice had a normalized stochasticity ratio higher than the 50%boundary point,suggesting that the deterministic and stochastic processes jointly shaped the tobacco *** conclusion,green manuring generally facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments and enhances potential interactions among adjacent *** study provides empirical evidence for understanding the microbiome assembly under green manure–crop rotation.

关键词： green manure tobacco rotation practice niche compartment community assembly