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Jurassic integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1195-1228页

作者： Jianguo LI Xin RAO Lin MU Xiaohui CUI Xin LI Hui LUO Peixue LIU Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China nanjing College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau experienced a unique geological evolution during the Jurassic,driven by the termination of the Palaeotethys and the reduction of the *** Indian Plate separated from the northern margin of Gondwana and drifted northward from the Southern *** that the timing of strata serves as the basis for reconstructing geological history,the present work aimed to develop a new multiple stratigraphic and chronologic framework for the Jurassic strata of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region via a synthesis of the material on lithostratigraphy,palaeontology,iso-radiometric dating,magnetostratigraphy,and other techniques with an emphasis on recent progress and *** new framework included the Jurassic System from the four major subdivisions of the plateau:the Baryan Har,Qiangtang,Lhasa-Gandise,and Southern Xizang(Himalaya).Ultimately,a more complete,refined biostratigraphic sequence was proposed,comprising the most common fossils in the plateau and those that are stratigraphically significant for the Jurassic stratigraphy,including ammonites,bivalves,brachiopods,foraminifera,radiolarians,and dinoflagellate cysts for the marine strata,and pollen and spores,and charophytes for the terrestrial *** biostratigraphic framework was correlated with the Jurassic international standard zonation of the Geological Time Scale 2020 via standard or representative species or genera of *** on this framework,we constructed a lateral correlation of the Jurassic strata between different basins of the *** palaeontologic correlation in the present work shows that the Lhasa-Gandise Block had a closer relationship with the Qiangtang Block than with the Southern Xizang Himalaya during the Jurassic ***,the Lhasa-Gandise Block and Qiangtang Block shared similar marine fauna features of the north marginal East *** contrasts the opinion suggesting that the Yarlung Zangbo Tethys was a small back-arc basin.A c

关键词： Biostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy Correlation Yarlung Zangbo suture Bangong Co-Nujiang suture Tethys

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Devonian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1036-1070页

作者： Wenkun QIE Kun LIANG Wen GUO Biao GAO Junjun SONG Bo CHEN Pu HUANG Li QIAO Honghe XU Jitao CHEN Yucong SUN Yichun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 211135China

The Devonian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is widely distributed,diverse in lithotypes and rich in *** records the crucial processes of continuous subduction and reduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern hemisphere and the transformation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean into the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the southern ***,it is of great significance for explaining the global paleogeographic evolution,tectonic activities and biodiversity changes during this critical *** blocks on both sides of the southern Tienshan suture zone and the Longmu Co-ShuanghuChangning-Menglian suture zone belong to different sedimentary systems and paleobiogeographic realms and regions,showing important tectonic paleogeographic partitioning *** two suture zones represent the main branches of the PaleoAsian Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,respectively,and on this basis the Devonian System can be subdivided into three types:the Tienshan type,the Tethys type and the Gondwana *** on recent research progress on the Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology in combining provenance analysis and biotic characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas,this paper aims to establish the latest integrative stratigraphic framework and conduct paleogeographic reconstruction,providing foundation for exploring the geological evolution and dynamic mechanisms of various terranes and blocks in the northern margin of *** results indicate that the North Qiangtang,South Qiangtang,Simao,Baoshan and Tengchong terranes,as well as the Himalaya Tethys Zone and the South China Block have affinities with the Indian Block,while the Lhasa Terrane has affinities with the Australian Block,and may be located between the South China and Australian *** the Emsian(Early Devonian),the South China Block separated from the northern margin of Gondwana,a process that was accompanied by the opening of the Jinshajiang-Ailaosh

关键词： Devonian Paleo-Tethys Ocean Integrative stratigraphy Biotas Provenance Analysis Paleogeography

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Silurian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1005-1035页

作者： Zhongyang CHEN Qing CHEN Guangxu WANG Xiang FANG Peng TANG Guanzhou YAN Wenwei YUAN Bing HUANG Xiaole ZHANG Kui YAN Yuandong ZHANG Yi WANG State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Silurian palaeontology and stratigraphy of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have been studied for more than100 *** the launch of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,it is necessary to update the summaries of the Silurian stratigraphy and fossil assemblages of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their correlation with its surrounding *** this study,we have selected 33 sections from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings areas,summarised the available data in terms of stratigraphic regionalisation,lithostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,and biostratigraphy,and divided the study area into four stratigraphic provinces:the Xizang-Western Yunnan-Western Sichuan Province,the KunlunQilian Province,the South China Province,and the Tarim *** general,the Silurian strata in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is more complete than those in other areas of *** studies of the vertebrate faunas,sporomorph assemblages,and brachiopod faunas of the study area indicate a closer geographical relationship between the South China,Tarim,and Indochina palaeoplates,than previously *** with the surrounding areas where Silurian strata have been extensively studied,the study of Silurian strata in the main part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is still in the preliminary *** the future,it is necessary to conduct research on the age,distribution,and resource potential of basal Silurian black shales to provide new directions for shale gas exploration and development in *** shallow marine strata of the middle to upper Silurian require further *** that the Silurian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is more complete,it has the potential to supplement and improve the study of the carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Silurian in China.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Silurian Stratigraphic regionalisation Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Palaeogeographical evolution

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Cambrian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 950-970页

作者： Zhixin SUN Lang SUN Fangchen ZHAO Bing PAN Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN Shehryar AHMED Chuan YANG Lanyun MIAO Zongjun YIN Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have a long and complex tectonic evolutionary *** and blocks,such as northern India,Lhasa,Qiangtang,Qaidam and Central Qilian,and their in-between orogenic belts constitute the main part of the Qinghai-Tibetan *** the Cambrian Period,most of these cratons and blocks were on the northwestern periphery of Gondwana,and were associated with the surrounding blocks,***,Central Iran,Afghanistan,Tarim,Alxa,North China,South China and Sibumasu through the Proto-Tethys *** Cambrian stratigraphic sequences on these stable blocks are composed of mixed siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in the shallow-water marine environments,and contain the trilobite assemblages of shelf *** Cambrian stratigraphic sequences in the Qilian tectonic belts,however,are characterized by the intermediate-basic igneous rocks and silicates formed in the Proto-Tethys Ocean,and contain the trilobite assemblages of deep-water slope *** with previous data,field observations and newly discovered fossils through funding by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,the general characteristics of the Cambrian strata in different tectonic units of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have been summarized in this ***,efforts have been made to subdivide and correlate the Cambrian strata across these areas by utilizing available biostratigraphic and geochronological *** a result,a comprehensive litho-and biostratigraphy chart has been ***,from the biogeographic perspective,this paper also provides a brief overview of the Cambrian paleogeographical reconstruction of the major tectonic blocks,and discusses the problems associated with the evolution of the ProtoTethys tectonic belt.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cambrian Stratigraphy Paleogeography Biota Gondwana Proto-Tethys Ocean

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Cryogenian and Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 919-949页

作者： Lang SUN Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN Chuan YANG Zhixin SUN Bing PAN Shehryar AHMED Lanyun MIAO Weichen SUN Chunlin HU Xiaojuan SUN Cui LUO Bo CHEN Zongjun YIN Fangchen ZHAO Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The complex evolutionary history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,including the continental blocks(Indian,Lhasa,South Qiangtang,Tarim,Olongbuluk,Central Qilian,Alxa,North China,Yangtze,Central Iran and Oman)and the orogenic belts between them,has long been the frontier in Earth science *** Cryogenian and Ediacaran strata are extensively distributed in these ***,relatively complete Cryogenian and Ediacaran successions have been discovered in Oman,Indian,Yangtze,and Tarim blocks,while only the Ediacaran successions have been reported in Iran,the South Qiangtang,Central Qilian,Alxa,and North China *** on previous studies together with the integration of new materials and advancement obtained through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,this review aims to synthesize a correlative stratigraphic framework of the representative Cryogenian and Ediacaran sequences from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding ***,the Cryogenian and Ediacaran biotas and major geological events in these areas are comprehensively discussed in aspects of current research *** results indicate that,in general,Ediacaran fossils of each area exhibit distinct features in preservation and assemblage composition,but the typical late Ediacaran fossils Cloudina and Shaanxilithes have been reported from most of these *** addition to the two global Cryogenian glaciations,late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits are extensively recorded in the areas within and around the northern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(including the North China,Alxa,Central Qilian,Olongbuluk,and Tarim blocks,and the North Qilian Accretionary Belt),as well as central and southern ***,further research is required to determine the age,distribution,and origin of these late Ediacaran glaciogenic ***,the middle Ediacaran DOUNCE/Shuram Excursion is widely documented in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surroundi

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cryogenian Ediacaran Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Biota Gondwana

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Structural and Chemical Characterization of the Ediacaran Embryo-Like Fossils via the Combination of 3D-XRM and FIB-SEM Approaches

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1204-1214页

作者： Qian Chen Weichen Sun Suping Wu Zongjun Yin State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135China

The three-dimensional(3D)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic *** electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),offers valuable structural and chemical information for the analysis of ***,its primary limitation is the restriction to two-dimensional surface data,which limits the exploration of fossils’3D ***,3D X-ray microscopy(3D-XRM),also known as a novel form of micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)facilitates the non-destructive 3D reconstruction of fossil ***,it lacks the capability to provide in-situ compositional *** the constraints inherent in these individual techniques,and in response to the evolving requirements of paleontological research,this study introduces an integrated approach that combines 3D-XRM with EDS-coupled focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM).This innovative strategy is designed to synergize the advantages of both techniques,thereby addressing challenges that conventional methods *** enables the rapid identification of regions of interest(ROI)within fossil specimens at micrometer ***,this method collects detailed data on both 3D structures and chemical compositions at the nanometer scale for the identified *** integrated approach represents a significant advancement in paleontological and geological research methodologies,promising to meet the increasing demands of these fields.

关键词： Embryo-like microfossils structural and chemical characterization 3D-XRM FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction

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End-Triassic storm deposits in the lacustrine Sichuan Basin and their driving mechanisms

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2383-2400页

作者： Jianli ZENG Tingshan ZHANG Mihai Emilian POPA Yongdong WANG Xi ZHANG Liqin LI Yuanyuan XU Ning LU Xiaoqing ZHANG School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500China Sichuan Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Geology Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500China Faculty of Geology and Geophysics Doctoral Schoolof Geology Laboratory of Palaeontology University of Bucharest.Bucharest 010041Romania nanjing institute of Geology and palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences NanjingNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Storm deposits or tempestites are event sequences formed by storms,requiring at least a water temperature of 26.5℃.While inland lakes are unlikely to form storm deposits because of their limited width and water *** Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is a set of coal-bearing,clastic sequences with dominant sedimentary facies varying from braided river delta to lacustrine settings,with storm deposits widely *** the Zilanba of Guanyuan area,in situ tree trunks on a palaeosol surface in Member Vof the Xujiahe Formation provide new evidence of a storm *** fallen-down directions of nine in situ tree trunks were predominant in the NW direction,contrary to the palaeocurrent direction of the underlying strata,suggesting that the southeasterlies prevailed during the end-Triassic in the northern Sichuan *** mud clasts were frequently recorded in sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation,as well as in the Xindianzi *** mud clasts showed a rip-up or a plastic deformation with upside-down V-shapes,were capped on an erosional surface,showed no transport traces and were therefore interpreted as a storm lag *** megamonsoonal climate prevailed during the Late Triassic,although the megamonsoons themselves could not generate a storm deposition in the Xujiahe Formation due to its low maximum surface wind *** driving mechanism for generating storm deposits in the Xujiahe Formation is suggested to be tropical cyclones over the Tethys Ocean moving eastward,further landfalling on the western margin of the Sichuan *** of storm events in the circum-Tethys region show a widespread storm surge in low latitudes during the *** storm deposits at the top of the Xujiahe Formation represent a sedimentary response to the end-Triassic hyperthermal event.

关键词： Sichuan Basin End-Triassic Xujiahe Formation Storm deposits

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Ordovician integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 971-1004页

作者： Xiang FANG Yong Yi ZHEN Guangxu WANG Xin WEI Zhongyang CHEN Yan LIANG Xuejin WU Wenjie LI Chao LI Renbin ZHAN Yuandong ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Geological Survey of New South Wales W.B.Clarke Geoscience CentreNSW 2753Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Ordovician rocks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau represent the oldest non-metamorphic strata,and are critical to understanding the history of regional geology and biotic evolution of the entire *** of Floian,Darriwilian,Sandbian,Katian and Hirnantian are represented in the plateau with a hiatus of variable duration occurring underneath the basal Ordovician across the *** stratigraphical regions,including the Himalaya,Gangdise-Zayu,Qiangtang-Qamdo,Songpan-Garze,and Karakoram-Kunlun-Altun,are differentiated for the Ordovician strata,which are correlated with their equivalents in the Sibumasu,Indochina,Qaidam-Qilian,Tarim-Tianshan,and the Yangtze(western margin)stratigraphical *** the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,graptolites,conodonts,and cephalopods are the most common and useful fossils for the Ordovician *** Ordovician biotas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau bear some distinguishable palaeobiogeographical signatures,among which the cephalopods are characterized by the flourishing actinocerids of North China affinity in the Early-Middle Ordovician,and by the thriving lituitids and orthocerids of South China affinity in the Middle-Late *** occurrences and their palaeobiogeographical evolution provide critical evidence bearing on the reconstruction of the geological history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding terranes in northeastern *** stratigraphical successions of the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in the Himalaya and Lhasa and nearby Sibumasu terranes were significantly affected by the Kurgiakh Orogeny,which resulted in the extensive unconformity between the Ordovician and the underlying rocks in most areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan *** southern Xizang,a warm-water biota of Middle Ordovician age was recovered from oolitic limestones,suggesting a likely palaeogeographical location in low-latitudes near the *** the Himalaya and Sibumasu regions,the Upper Ordovician was typified by t

关键词： Ordovician Chronostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Palaeobiogeography Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 Stephen Pates Daniel Pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Department of Zoology University of Cambridge institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia nanjing institute of Geology and palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota(c. 520 Ma) of China. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the Cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the Cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics Cambrian Explosion

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Middle Devonian ostracods from Jiwozhai patch reef(Dushan, Guizhou Province, South China):Biostratigraphic and palaeoecological implication

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 581-593页

作者： Jun-Jun Song Jia-Yuan Huang Wen Guo Kun Liang Yu-Cong Sun Zhi-Hong Wang Wen-Kun Qie State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Geological Environment Evolution Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Middle Devonian ostracods from the Jiwozhai patch reef in Dushan, Guizhou Province, South China were described for the first time in this study. Twenty-nine species belonging to 20 genera were identified and figured, including a new species named Wangshangkia jiwozhaiensis sp. nov. The ostracod fauna in the Jiwozhai patch reef represents a Givetian age. The ostracod assemblage belongs to the smooth-podocopid association, which is also ecologically equivalent to the Eifelian Mega-Assemblage Ⅲ. This association is indicative of shallow open-marine environments. The Jiwozhai patch reef fauna is primarily comprised of suspension feeders, including filter-feeding ostracods, corals, brachiopods and bryozoans. Ostracods from the Jiwozhai patch reef were compared to the ostracod faunas from Laurentia-Baltica at generic level, which reveals limited faunal exchanges between South China and Laurentia-Baltica during the Middle Devonian.

关键词： Ostracods Givetian Jiwozhai patch reef Dushan Palaeoecology

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