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Response of soil hydrological processes to soil rock fragments:A global Meta-analysis

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2066-2080页

作者： Yongwu WANG Qing ZHU Xiaoming LAI Kaihua LIAO Changqiang GUO Key Laboratory of Watershed geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of nanjing University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China

The rock fragment(RF)has been widely observed in the soil solum or on the soil *** regulates soil hydrological processes(SHPs)and thus has great impacts on soil and water ***,responses of SHPs to RF characteristics(position,content,coverage area,mulching thickness,and size)remain *** on the dataset extracted from 168 published studies,effects of RF characteristics on SHPs(soil loss rate,evaporation rate,surface runoff rate,infiltration rate,soil water content,and soil water storage)and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)were discussed in this *** showed that RFs completely inserted into the soil solum(CO_INS)improved the Ks by 6.9%,runoff rate by 12.8%,and soil loss rate by 22.3%,while it reduced the evaporation rate by 30.7%,infiltration rate by 15.4%,and soil water content by 9.9%.With the RF content(kg kg−1)increasing,its effects on these SHPs were *** RFs resting on the surface and partially covering soil surface(PA_COV)improved the infiltration rate but reduced the evaporation rate by 36.9%,surface runoff rate by 25.4%,and soil loss rate by 59.3%.This in turn enhanced soil water content and ***,as the RF coverage(%in area)increasing,the cross-sectional area of water flow decreased,and thus the infiltration rate *** RFs completely mulch on the soil surface(CO_MUL)reduced the evaporation rate by 59.5%and infiltration rate by 76.5%but improved the soil water content and *** the infiltration rate,the effects of CO_MUL on SHPs were strengthened as mulch thickness(cm)*** RFs partially embedded into soil surface(PA_EMB)promoted surface runoff rate by 15.3%,soil loss rate by 34.7%,and soil water content by 24.3%,but reduce the infiltration ***,the surface runoff rate was reduced at high embedded coverage due to increased tortuosity of water *** addition,the RF size exerted weaker effects on SHPs than RF positions,content,coverage,and mulch *** findi

关键词： Critical zone Meta-analysis Soil hydrology Soil water Watershed

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IMPACTS　OF　SEA　LEVEL　RISE　ON　COASTAL　EROSION　IN　THE　CHANGJIANG　RIVER　DELTA　AND　NORTH　JIANGSU　COASTAL　PLAINO

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Chinese geographical Science 1994年第4期4卷 310-321页

作者：季子修蒋自巽 nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing PRC

At present, approximately 36% of coasts are experiencing net erosion in the Changjiang River delta and the north Jiangru coastal plain. Future sea level rise will accelerate the process of coastal erosion. According to the ratio of the calculated value of coast retreat by Bruun rule to the estimated value by using measured data, the proportion affected by sea level rise in total coastal erosion has been estimated in this paper. When sea level rises by 20cm, the proportion determined by sea level rise will increase from 1.0% at Present to 2.2% in the future in the coasts of abandoned Huanghe River delta and from 8.5%/-9.6% to 13.5%- 15.2% in the north and south banks of the Changjiang River delta. This result is lower than that from the similar research in the world, and this phenomenon is related with the special development process of the coasts in this area. The mechanism of accelerating coastal erosion by sea .level rise is that sea level is will increase the intensity of tidal current, wave and storm surge and decrease the ability to reduce the force of waves on the tidal flat and coastal wetland due to the loss of their areas. Therefore, the length of erosion coasts will increase, the sedimentation rate of accretion coasts will decrease or even turn accretion into erosion,the width of tidal flat will reduce and coastal slope will increase. So the project of coastal protection of this area must be reinforced.

关键词： coastal erosion Bruun rule sea level rise

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URBAN RENEWAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF SHANGHAI CITY

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Chinese geographical Science 1994年第3期4卷 219-231页

作者：刘塔 nanjing institute of geography and limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing PRC

A new strategic thinking is put forward to resolve the urban problems in Shanghai based on the tendencies of recent shift of economic structure and development. It is argued that the traditional institution of urban economy and management is responsible for the degeneration of urban environment. Thus, a change of mechanism of urban functioning is essential to the sustainable growth of Shanghai City. The key part of the new strategic thinking of Shanghai urban renewal is the adjustment of urban land use structure and industrial structure, using land use right leasing of the emergent land market as the start force of the structure adjustment by accumulating capital. And the development of Pudong new area provides right time and space forShanghai urban renewal.

关键词： urban renewal urban problems mechanism of urban functioning landmarket

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Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 224-230页

作者： ZHAO Xingqing YANG Liuyan YU Zhenyang PENG Naiying XIAO Lin YIN Daqiang QIN Boqiang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.

关键词： 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) Lake Taihu microbial diversity sediment vertical distribution

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Human impact recorded in the sediment of Honghu Lake, Hubei, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 402-406页

作者： YAO Shu-chun XUE Bin XIA Wei-lan nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Graduate School of CAS Beijing 100039 China

Vertical profiles of the total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, phosphorus, susceptibilities, elements and partical size were analyzed in a short ^137Cs-dated sediment core collected from Honghu Lake, China. The average sedimentation rate was 1.55 mm/a. The results indicated that trophic status of Honghu Lake in the historical period had experienced three stages. Before 1840 the lake was characterized with lower productivity, TOC was less than 9.92 g/kg; TN was 0.902 to 1.24 g/kg. During about 1840-1950, population increased quickly, there was an obvious change in TOC with an average of 13.0 g/kg. Since 1950, human impacts have accelerated the lake eutrophication and nutrients enriched in the sediment with TOC of 21.7 to 93.1 g/kg, TN of 1.77 to 8.78 g/kg. The heavy metal concentration profiles presented similar distribution trends except Pb .and Mn. The results from elements analyses indicated that Honghu Lake had not been polluted by heavy metals except lead.

关键词： Honghu Lake lake deposit human impact

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Measuring the past 20 years of urban-rural land growth in flood-prone areas in the developed Taihu Lake watershed, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第2期11卷 361-371页

作者： Weizhong SU Key Laboratory of Watershed geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

There is growing interest in using the urban landscape for stormwater management studies, where land patterns and processes can be important controls for the sustainability of urban development and planning. This paper proposes an original index of Major Hazard Oriented Level （MHOL） and investigates the structure distribution, driving factors, and controlling suggestions of urban-rural land growth in flood-prone areas in the Taihu Lake watershed, China. The MHOL of incremental urban-rural land increased from M 31.51 during the years 1985-1995 to M 38.37 during the years 1995-2010 （M for medium structure distribution, and the number for high-hazard value）. The index shows that urban-rnraI land was distributed uniformly in flood hazard levels and tended to move rapidly to high-hazard areas, where 72.68% of incremental urban-rural land was aggregated maximally in new urban districts along the Huning traffic line and the Yangtze River. Thus, the current accelerating growth of new urban districts could account for the ampliative exposure to high-hazard areas. New districts are driven by the powerful link between land financial benefits and political achievements for local governments and the past unsustainable process of ＂single objective＂ oriented planning. The correlation categorical analysis of the current development intensity and carrying capacity of hydrological ecosystems for sub-basins was used to determine four types of development areas and provide decision makers with indications on the future watershed- scale subdivision of Major Function Oriented Zoning implemented by the Chinese government.

关键词： urban-rural land growth flood-prone areas major hazard oriented level major function oriented zoning,Taihu Lake Watershed

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Path of Rural Vitalization Based on Coupling Perspective of Township Construction and Resource Environment in Jiangsu Province,China

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中国地理科学:英文版 2023年第5期33卷 833-849页

作者： KANG Jiayu DUAN Xuejun MA Zhiyuan nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Watershed geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Recently,the field of rural vitalization has received extensive research ***,only few studies have proposed an approach to rural vitalization from the coupling perspective of township construction and the resource *** Jiangsu Province of China as the study area,we constructed index systems of township construction function types and resource *** on 875 township study units in Jiangsu,we characterized the township construction function type and resource environment and analyzed the dynamic process of their coupling from 2005 to *** results are as follows:1)the townships of planting and breeding types in Jiangsu were mainly distributed in northern and central Jiangsu;the townships of business travel,industry,and integrated types were mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu;and the townships of ecological type were irregularly distributed throughout Jiangsu.2)Resource environment factors and township construction function types in Jiangsu clustered based on their location with some overlap.3)Spatial variability in the degree of coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in Jiangsu was not apparent,and low coupling levels accounted for most of the study *** sum of the number of medium and high coupling townships in southern,central,and northern Jiangsu was roughly equal,and the coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in southern Jiangsu evolved remained unchanged,whereas that in the central and northern Jiangsu became imbalanced.4)In Jiangsu,township construction was mainly constrained by water resources,and the constraint parameters gradually *** variability in resource environment constraint was observed in northern,central,and southern Jiangsu for different township construction function *** on these findings,we proposed the implementation of targeted rural vitalization strategies.

关键词： township construction function type resource environment coupling level rural vitalization path Jiangsu Province,China

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Preliminary study on LGM climate simulation and the diagnosis for East Asia

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第5期46卷 364-368页

作者： YU Ge CHEN Xing LIU Jian WANG Sumin nanjing institute of geography and limnology Nanjing 210008China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

LGM climate study is a hot topic in international fields on global changes. Climate simulation in this study applies both common designs of 21 kaBP boundary conditions from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), including insolation, glaciation, sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, and land surface conditions from Eurasia continent by compilation of geological evidence. The simulation outputs are in agreement with climate spatial patterns reconstructed by observation records. Sensitive experiment on land surface conditions shows that changes in vegetation would make significant impacts on temperature and precipitation. Particularly in the Tibetan Plateau, this change would increase in differences of winter and summer temperature, precipitation and P-E.

关键词： LGM numerical modeling China palaeoclimate.

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A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection in a chemical factory

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第2期13卷 198-200页

作者： PU Jiang-ping PU Pei-min HU Chun-hua QIAN Jun-long PU Ju-xing HUA Ji-kang PLA Polytechnic University Nanjing 211101China nanjing institute of geography and limnology CASNanjing 210008China Hongsheng Chemical Factory Xishan 214115China

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection was developed. It is based on the enhanced evaporation by using solar, wind and air temperature energy and additional heat-electric energy. It consists of four parts: (1) evaporation carrier system (evaporation carrier and frame for evaporation carrier) for polluted water; (2)polluted water circulating system (pumping-spraying-collecting); (3)heating system; (4)workshop with polluted water reservoir-tanks and rainfall prevention roof. The polluted water was (heated in case necessary) sprayed to the evaporation carrier system and the water was evaporated when it moved in the space and downward along the carrier mainly by using natural (solar, wind and air temperature energy). In case, when there is no roof for the carrier system, the polluted water can be stored in the reservoirs (storage volume for about 20 days). The first 10-25 mm rainfall also need to be stored in the reservoirs to meet the state standard or discharging wastewater. The dye may be collected at the surface in the reservoir-tanks and the crystallized salt may be collected at the bottom plate. The black-color wastewater released by the factory is no more discharged to the surface water system of Taihu Lake Basin. About 2 kg dye and 200 kg industrial salt may be collected from each tone of the polluted water. The non-pollution production of dye may be realized by using this technology with environmental, economical and social benefits.

关键词： dye polluted water harnessing dye collection technology

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IMPACTS OF FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE ON SALT WATER INTRUSION IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

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Chinese geographical Science 1992年第1期2卷 31-42页

作者： Yang Guishan nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences:Nanjing 210008PRC

Sea level rise could increase the salinity of an estuary by altering the balance between fresh water and salt *** implications of sea level rise for increasing salinity have been examined in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River *** correlative analysis of chlorinity,discharge and tidal level and calculation of two-dimensional chlorinity,distribution of the Changjiang River estuary,the changes of the intensity and lasting hours of salt water intrusion at Wusong Station and the changes of chlorinity distribution in the South Branch of the Changjiang River estuary have been estimated when future sea level rises 50-100 *** intensity of salt water intrusion in the future will be far more serious than current trend.

关键词： sea level rise salt water intrusion chlonnity the Changjiang River estuary

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