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Techniques for postmortem tenderisation in meat processing:effectiveness,application and possible mechanisms

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Food Production, processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 237-262页

作者： Haibo Shi Fereidoon Shahidi Jiankang Wang Yan Huang Ye Zou Weimin Xu Daoying Wang Institute of Agricultural products processing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014People’s Republic of China Department of Biochemistry Memorial University of NewfoundlandA1B3X9St.John’sNLCanada School of Food and Biological Engineering Shanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021People’s Republic of China

Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender ***,emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and,to some degree,are controversial due to lack of theoretical ***,understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is *** article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system,as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing *** general,the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities,and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other *** calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis,glycolysis,apoptosis and metabolic ***,tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes,chemistry,physics and the combined methods are discussed in ***,innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by ***,the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled ***,future trends in developing new tenderising techniques,and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value.

关键词： Postmortem tenderisation Ageing Emerging technique Combination intervention Functionary mechanism

A comparison of hepatic lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in muscle between Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire and Tibetan pigs from three regions

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Food Materials Research 2022年第1期2卷 66-73页

作者： Zhikang Yin Fan Liu Xuedong Gu Li Zhang Yuan Ma Miao Zhang Hui Liu Jing Yan Chunbao Li Key Laboratory of meat processing and Quality Control MOEKey Laboratory of Meat ProcessingMARAJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and ProcessingQuality and Safety ControlCollege of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China College of Food Science Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchi 860000P.R.China College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070P.R.China School of Food and Bioengineering Xihua UniversityChengdu 610039P.R.China

Qinghai-Tibet plateau with an average altitude above 4,000 m provides favorable conditions for Tibetan pigs that may have different meat quality from other pig *** study was designed to compare the differences in lipid metabolism in liver and fatty acid composition in muscle between Tibetan and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY)*** Tibetan pigs(n=10),Gannan Tibetan pigs(n=9),Nyingchi Tibetan pigs(n=10)and DLY pigs(n=10)were selected for the *** fasting for 12 h,they were slaughtered and blood,liver and muscle samples were taken for biochemical *** results showed that the intramuscular fat content was not significantly different for Tibetan pigs among the three regions(P>0.05),which was significantly higher than that of DLY pigs(P<0.05).However,the liver fat content of Gannan Tibetan pigs was significantly lower than those of DLY pigs and Aba and Nyingchi Tibetan pigs(P<0.05).The hepatic lipid metabolism may be stronger in DLY pigs than in Tibetan pigs,but lipid deposition in muscle is weaker in DLY pigs than that in Tibetan *** Tibetan pigs and Nyingchi Tibetan pigs had similar proportions of saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids,while Gannan Tibetan pigs and DLY pigs had similar types of fatty *** findings provide new insight into mechanisms of environmental and breed effects on pork quality.

关键词： Tibetan metabolism pigs

A novel method of photographic geological logging based on parallel image sequence in small tunnel

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第8期23卷 2092-2100页

作者：毛羽丰李浩何燕兰杨彪吴铭飞 School of Earth Science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Engineering Research center for Rock-Soil Drilling & Excavation and Protection Ministry of Education Wuhan 430074 China Jiangsu Geologic Surveying and Mapping Institute Nanjing 210008 China

Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of exploratory tunnels has always been taking the method of manual sketch work which has low efficiency and poor informatization degree of products, and it is a technical issue requiring urgent settlement for geological logging of small tunnels. This paper proposes and studies novel methods of photographic geological logging suitable for small tunnels, including image acquisition, image orientation control, image geometric correction, unfolded image map generation and geological attitude measurement, etc. Experiments show that the method can meet the precision requirement of geological logging. The novel method helps to realize the fast acquisition and processing of image-based geological logging data for small tunnels, and the forms of logging result are more abundant and more applicable to informatized management and application of geological logging data.

关键词： close-range photogrammetry tunnel image correction photographic geological logging

Wet Oxidation Pretreatment of Poplar Waste for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis Efficiency

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Paper And Biomaterials 2017年第2期2卷 8-17页

作者： GuiGan Fang ShanShan Liu KuiZhong Shen Yan Lin Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry products CAFNational Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey Lab of Forest Chemical EngineeringSFAKey Lab of Biomass Energyand Material of JiangsuNanjingJiangsu Province210042China Institute of New Technology of Forestry CAFBeijing100091China Collaboration innovation center for High Efficient processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210037China Qilu University of Technology Ji'nanShandong Province250353China

In this paper, we described the optimization of the wet oxidation pretreatment conditions to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, using poplar waste from the stock section of a paper mill as the raw material. We showed that the optimal conditions of the pretreatment for poplar waste were an initial p H value of 10, a temperature of 195℃, a holding time of 15 min, and an oxygen pressure of 1.2 MPa. In this case, the yield of the obtained solid material produced by the process was 51.7% and the reducing sugar yield was 46.8%. The solid part obtained from the pretreatment process was hydrolyzed by cellulase L-10. The optimal enzymatic conditions were a temperature of 49℃, a duration time of 56 h, an enzyme dosage of 38 FPU/g at a p H value of 4.8, and a solid-to-liquor ratio of 1∶50. The resulting cellulose conversion rate reached 96.4% in terms of the pretreated substances. In addition, a chemical composition analysis of the poplar waste and pretreated material indicated that about 92% of the hemicelluloses and 43% of the lignin in the raw material were degraded and dissolved. In addition, the crystallization decreased from 57.5% to 54.8%. An obvious fibrillation of the fiber pretreated by the wet oxidization process was observed by SEM. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) results showed a high xylose content and monosaccharide degradation products in the pretreatment solution. In conclusion, the wet oxidation pretreatment process could efficiently degrade or remove the lignin and hemicellulose, as well as reduce the crystallinity of the lignocellulosic material, which resulted in animprovement of the enzymatic ability and an increase in the cellulose conversion rate.

关键词： poplar waste wet oxidation pretreatment enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency cellulase hydrolysis

Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root

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Food Production, processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 106-114页

作者： Kai Guo Guangchi An Ning Wang Bingdong Pang Zhiqi Shi Hongwu Bai Li Zhang Jian Chen Weimin Xu National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Shandong Province Key Laboratory for BiosensorsJinan 250014China Zaozhuang Technology Promotion center of Agriculture and Agricultural Machinery Zaozhuang 277800China Central Laboratory Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210014China College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Supervision&Testing center for Processed Agri-products(nanjing) Ministry of AgricultureNanjing 210014China

Background:Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth,but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in *** ammonium causes *** is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial ***,little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant *** we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium ***:Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress,which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,oxidative injury,and cell death in both shoots and *** oxidase(PAO)metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress *** blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs,which contributed to the decrease in ROS *** rice seedlings upon ammonium stress,thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters(AMT1;1 and AMT1;2);thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23(CIPK23)and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1(CBL1),two negative regulators of *** may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium *** analysis indicated that PAOs,AMTs,and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ***:Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium *** findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production.

关键词： Ammonium toxicity Polyamine oxidase Reactive oxygen species Rice Thymol

Integrated Forest Biorefinery:Value-added Utilization of Dissolved Organics in the Prehydrolysis Liquor of Prehydrolysis Kraft (PHK) Dissolving Pulp Production Process

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Paper And Biomaterials 2018年第3期3卷 47-58页

作者： Bo Yang BaoBin Wang GuanHua Wang ZhiBin He YongHao Ni Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre University of New Brunswick Jiangsu Co-innovation center of Efficient processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper College of Papermaking Science and TechnologyTianjin University of Science & Technology

The concept of integrated forest biorefineries(IFBRs) has gained significant *** prehydrolysis kraft(PHK) dissolving pulp production process is a suitable example of IFBR concept for the production of dissolving pulp and utilization of dissolved hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin in the prehydrolysis liquor(PHL).This review paper highlights recent progress related to the recovery and utilization of dissolved organics(e.g.,hemicelluloses,acetic acid,and lignin) in the PHL of the PHK dissolving pulp production *** multi-step recovery and separation processes have been developed for this purpose to accommodate the complex nature of the *** products,including xylan-based compounds,acetic acid,and lignin,are also discussed in detail.

关键词： PHK prehydrolysis lignocellulosic material biorefinery

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Palmitoleic Acid Isolated from Filamentous Microalga Tribonema minus Against Fish Pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第6期21卷 1615-1621页

作者： WANG Feifei GUO Yuhao CAO Yan ZHANG Chengwu School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430023China School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Engineering Research center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510632China Department of Ecology and Research center for Hydrobiology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

Filamentous microalgae from genus Tribonema are promising sustainable sources of omega-7 palmitoleic acid,but their ability to accumulate this compound varies among species and depends on the initial nitrogen concentration(INC)*** this study,the palmitoleic acid accumulation capacities of five Tribonema species were examined under three different INCs to select the alga species with the highest *** showed that a high INC was associated with increased palmitoleic acid accumulation but led to decreased biomass concentration in all tested *** particular,*** grown at 18 mmol L^(−1)INC had the highest palmitoleic acid content(20.72%of dry weight)and productivity(90.88 mg L^(−1)d−1).The combination of alkali metal freezing precipitation(AMFP)and urea complexation successfully isolated and enriched palmitoleic acid from *** and obtained a purity of 80.11%and a yield of 7.39 g(100 g)^(−1) of algal *** compound was identified as(9Z)-hexadecenoic acid(C16:1ω-7).Antibacterial activity evaluation for the highly concentrated palmitoleic acid(10 mg mL^(−1))against Streptococcus agalactiae revealed the formation of a 12.10 mm-diameter inhibition zone and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25μg mL^(−1),indicating that palmitoleic acid is an effective antibacterial *** study is the first to report that palmitoleic acid derived from *** can antagonize ***,which further broadens the potential application of Tribonema biomass in green aquaculture.

关键词： Tribonema palmitoleic acid enrichment Streptococcus agalactiae antibacterial activity

Chronic corticosterone disrupts the circadian rhythm of CRH expression and m^(6)A RNA methylation in the chicken hypothalamus

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1056-1068页

作者： Yang Yang Wanwan Han Aijia Zhang Mindie Zhao Wei Cong Yimin Jia Deyun Wang Ruqian Zhao MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health&Food Safety Institute of ImmunologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology&Biochemistry College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China.

Background:Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),the major secretagogue of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,is intricately intertwined with the clock genes to regulate the circadian rhythm of various body functions.N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)RNA methylation is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm,yet it remains unknown whether CRH expression and m^(6)A modification oscillate with the clock genes in chicken hypothalamus and how the circadian rhythms change under chronic ***:Chronic exposure to corticosterone(CORT)eliminated the diurnal patterns of plasma CORT and melatonin levels in the *** circadian rhythms of clock genes in hippocampus,hypothalamus and pituitary are all disturbed to different extent in CORT-treated *** most striking changes occur in hypothalamus in which the diurnal fluctuation of CRH mRNA is flattened,together with mRNA of other feeding-related ***,hypothalamic m^(6)A level oscillates in an opposite pattern to CRH mRNA,with lowestm^(6)A level after midnight(ZT18)corresponding to the peak of CRH mRNA before dawn(ZT22).CORT diminished the circadian rhythm of m^(6)A methylation with significantly increased level at *** site-specific m^(6)A analysis on 3’UTR of CRH mRNA indicates that higher m^(6)A on 3’UTR of CRH mRNA coincides with lower CRH mRNA at night(ZT18 and ZT22).Conclusions:Our results indicate that chronic stress disrupts the circadian rhythms of CRH expression in hypothalamus,leading to dysfunction of HPA axis in the *** m^(6)A modification is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in chicken hypothalamus under both basal and chronic stress conditions.

关键词： Chronic corticosterone exposure Circadian rhythms CRH Hypothalamus m^(6)A

Constant light in early life induces fear-related behavior in chickens with suppressed melatonin secretion and disrupted hippocampal expression of clock-and BDNF-associated genes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1799-1809页

作者： Yang Yang Wei Cong Jie Liu Mindie Zhao Peirong Xu Wanwan Han Deyun Wang Ruqian Zhao MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health&Food Safety Institute of ImmunologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology&Biochemistry College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095People’s Republic of China

Background: Light management plays an important role in the growth and behavior of broiler chickens. Constant light in early post hatch stage has been a common practice in broiler industry for improving growth performance,while whether and how constant light in early life affects the behavior of broiler chickens is rarely ***: In this study, newly hatched chicks were kept in either constant(24 L:0 D, LL) or(12 L:12 D, LD) photoperiod for 7 d and then maintained in 12 L:12 D thereafter until 21 days of age. Constant light increased the average daily feed intake but not the body weight, which led to higher feed conversion ratio. Chickens in LL group exhibited fear-related behaviors, which was associated with higher corticosterone, lower melatonin and 5-HT levels. Concurrently, constant light exposure increased the mRNA expression of clock-related genes and suppressed the expression of antioxidative genes in the hippocampus. Moreover, brain derived neurotrophic factor/extracel ular signal-regulated kinase(BDNF/ERK) pathway was suppressed in the hippocampus of chickens exposed to constant light in the first week post ***: These findings indicate that constant light exposure in early life suppress melatonin secretion and disrupts hippocampal expression of genes involved in circadian clock and BDNF/ERK pathway, thereby contributing to fear-related behaviors in the chicken.

关键词： BDNF/ERK Constant light Fear-related behavior Hippocampus