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Analysis of Changes of Extreme Temperature during June to August Season over Tanzania

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第2期12卷 44-56页

作者： Justus Renatus Mbawala Huixin Li Jiani Zeng Daudi Mikidadi Ndabagenga Anqin Tan Daniela Janine Beukes Praksed Mrosso Rafael Samuel Ekwacu Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China National meteorological Training Centre Kigoma Tanzania Tanzania meteorological Authority (TMA) Forecasting Office Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA) Kilimanjaro Tanzania namibia meteorological service Windhoek Namibia Uganda National meteorological Authority Kampala Uganda

Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes, which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused climate variability are reflected in the reported changes in climate extremes. Particularly at the local community levels in the majority of the regions, there is currently a dearth of information regarding the distribution, dynamics, and trends of excessive temperatures among the majority of Tanzanians. Over the years 1982-2022, this study examined trends in Tanzania’s extreme temperature over the June to August season. Based on the distinction between absolute and percentile extreme temperatures, a total of eight ETCCDI climate indices were chosen. Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the presence of trends in extreme climatic indices and the Sen’s Slope was applied to compute the extent of the trends in temperature extremes. The study showed that in most regions, there is significant increase of warm days and nights while the significant decrease of cold days and nights was evident to most areas. Moreover, nighttime warming surpasses daytime warming in the study area. The study suggests that anthropogenic influences may contribute to the warming trend observed in extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures globally, with Tanzania potentially affected, as indicated in the current research. The overall results of this study reflect patterns observed in various regions worldwide, where warm days and nights are on the rise while cold days and nights are diminishing.

关键词： Indices Warm Days and Nights Cold Days and Nights ECA&D Tanzania

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Effects of Machine Parameter and Natural Factors on the Productivity of Loading and Haulage Equipment

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 139-153页

作者： Martin Itoolwa Kulula Jide Muili Akande Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors which affect the performance of the loading and hauling equipment at Skorpion zinc mine, namibia and also to find possible solutions to eliminate them, so that the weekly Zinc Oxide and ex-pit waste tonnages required could be produced. This is due to the high demand of Zinc on the market. The investigation on road conditions was focused on the effects of rolling resistance, grade resistance and road widths from the road between bench 540 in pit 103 to the Zinc oxide medium grade stockpile. Cycle time data were obtained by time and motion study of the load/haul/dump cycle from bench 540 loading site to the stockpile. The data used for equipment matching by queuing theory (excel modelling) was obtained when the loaders where loading Arkose at different loading sites. The effects of different weather conditions i.e. mist, rain and wind on production where determined by collecting actual shift production tonnages and comparing with target shift production targets during this conditions. The results produced from time and motion studies show that the haul trucks have an average availability of 80.4% and utilization at 49.7% which are very low when compared to the benchmark value of 89% and 69% for availability and utilization respectively. Decline in performance time is caused by factors such as daily safety meetings, lunch breaks, blasting, tools break down and the daily machine service. Rolling resistance is also one of the factors affecting production time at the mine. The rolling resistance of different segments was determined by roughness defect scores (RDS). From calculations, it is clearly seen that if the RR could be reduced to 2% on every road segment, then each cycle period per truck can be reduced by 1.24 minutes. This will increase the production of the haulers and decrease the operating cost. It was recommended that the wearing course of the road surface be treated with a bitumen based dust suppressi

关键词： Utilization Rolling Resistance Productivity Equipment Matching Uniaxial Compressive Strength Weather Conditions

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The Experiences of the Elderly and Caregivers in Respect of Caring for the Elderly in Windhoek and Rehoboth namibia: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第3期5卷 246-259页

作者： Joan M. Kloppers Agnes van Dyk Louise Pretorius School of Nursing and Public Health Faculty of Health Science The University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia

In many instances, care for the elderly, especially in long-term care institutions, is provided under minimal supervision by caregivers who are lay people. This can lead to poor quality care or neglect of the elderly. The research question was: “How competent are lay caregivers for the elderly in old age homes, who often lack the opportunity for training to improve their knowledge and skills, in delivering care to the elderly? The aims of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of both the caregivers and the elderly in respect of caring for the elderly in old age homes. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the caregivers and the elderly with respect to caring for the elderly and in respect of nursing care they received. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenology design was used to perform this study. In the situational analysis, the experiences and needs of the caregivers were described. Themes in terms of interpersonal relationships that could be positive or negative regarding the elderly were identified. These included lack of regular in-service training sessions for caregivers. Likewise, sub-themes like communication, support and caring for elderly people were revealed. Inadequate knowledge of caregivers in caring procedures, a shortage of staff, equipment and absence of policies which should support and guide the work of caregivers impacts negatively on the care of the elderly. From the experiences of the elderly and caregivers, the competencies under scrutiny emerged and were measured qualitatively by the perceptions of the elderly, in respect of the caring they were exposed to.

关键词： Caregiver(s) Caring Elderly Experiences Old Age Home

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Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Road Infrastructure in Countries: A Study of the namibia Scenario

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第12期7卷 86-101页

作者： Victor Uzoma Nwagbara William Azuka Iyama Faculty of Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia Department of General Studies Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology Port Harcourt Nigeria

The assessment of the impact of road infrastructure in the developing countries using the namibian case scenario was done based on the contemporary challenges of road use. This study employed a qualitative technique using a sample size of thirty (30) selected by the simple random sampling technique. The use of charts, tables and frequencies were done to explain certain trends in the study. A well-structured, valid and reliable questionnaire instrument was designed for the study based on the following research questions;what are the impacts of road transport on the namibian environment and what are the possible measures that may be used to reduce environmental impact of road transport on the namibian environment? Twenty five respondents (83%) agreed that road transfer has drastically improved development and 26 (87%) respondents also accepted that it can improve namibian economy. Similarly, it has also improved communication and technology greatly according to 27 (90%) respondents. To add more credence to the impact of road transport on the economy, all the 30 (100%) of the respondents agreed that road transport aids mobility within namibia while 27 (90%) respondents supported the opinion that road transport aids in job search, 3 (10%) disagreed. The result shows that car owners service are potential threats which can affect pollution levels as was supported by 97% to cause environmental pollution as well as 100% when combined with energy consumption. Similarly, all the respondents indicated the potential of increased accident rate from poor road safety. Felling of trees poses great danger (97% response) due to the degradation of the environment. Most respondents (77% and 83%) agreed that road transport can lead to land encroachment and loss of aesthetic and farming. This research has shown that eventually death rate may increase from mere ill-health to from the degraded ecosystem, 24 respondents (80%). So many policies to protect the environment but the practical me

关键词： Infrastructure Impact Environment Road Transportation Assessment Developing Economy

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Interoperability Governance Model （IGM）： Envisages Areas of Activities and Relationships to Establish Information Interoperability within Government

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2012年第11期9卷 1252-1257页

作者： Jameson Mbale S. Van Staden Centre of Excellence Department of Computer Science University of Namibia Windhoek 13301 Namibia Department of Public service IT Management Office of the Prime Minister Windhoek 13338 Namibia

The IGM (interoperability governance model) is a practical focused tool that defines the areas of activities and their relationships to establish interoperability within a Government. It has a set of references structure and guidelines aimed at ensuring mutual interactions at different levels of interoperability within a Government. The IGM is composed of three interlinked areas: strategy and management, relationships and technical infrastructure. The strategy and management drives the creation of the desired state of interoperability. While the relationships focus on the forms and nature of Government collaboration required to meet the overall Government strategy. The technical infrastructure addresses the technical standard/architectural issues involved in exchanging data and sharing functionalities between computer systems. Furthermore, the IGM is extended to the IGF which serves as a common governance and technical frame of reference to guide the process of establishing interoperability within a Government. The IGF consists of seven domains that are aligned with the IGM areas. The IGF domains map to the higher level IGM areas, which provide the overhead functional groupings.

关键词：互操作性 IGM 政府治理胰岛素样生长因子技术标准信息基础设施

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Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Emergency Medical service Employees in Germany—A Survey

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021年第11期11卷 391-409页

作者： Theresa Berthold Jan-Thorsten Gräsner Janina Kosan Marcel Zill Leonie Hannappel Birgitt Alpers Jan Wnent Institute for Emergency Medicine University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Germany COVID-19 Expert Working Group Intensive Care Infectiology and Emergency Medicine (COVRIIN) Berlin Germany Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Germany Scientific Working Group Emergency Medicine of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) Nuremberg Germany School of Medicine University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Background: Multicentric prospective cohort investigation survey conducted between 1st of March and 1st of April 2021on SARS-CoV-2 occupational risk for German Emergency Medical services (EMS) personnel. Study Objectives: Primary: The objective is to take stock of the use and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in German EMS, both at managerial and employee level, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Secondary: Generate additional data on individual perceptions of risk of infection and occurrence of infections at respective places of service. Methods: Multicentric prospective cohort investigation survey conducted online at two levels of German EMS personnel—EMS managers and EMS employees, both medical and paramedical—with questions adapted slightly to fit the respective study population. Results: A total of 34 responses were received in the managerial group;a total of 2389 responses were received in the group of employees. Self-reported PPE adherence of EMS employees for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: use of gloves (99.8%), FFP2 or FFP3 masks (99.8%), gowns or coveralls (99.1%), goggles (89.7%), face shields (24.0%), surgical masks (0.0%). Self-reported PPE adherence of EMS employees for suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: gloves (98.8%), FFP2 or FFP3 masks (total: 99.4%), gowns or coveralls (total: 95.9%), goggles (85.6%), face shields (19.2%), surgical masks (0.2%). Conclusions: Findings included an overall improved self-reported adherence to PPE compared to studies that were conducted before the pandemic. Self-reported general adherence to PPE recommendations when attending to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was good, with the exception of goggles. Self-reported adherence to PPE recommendations dropped when attending to suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Personal Protective Equipment Emergency Medical services

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基于科学计算组件规范的高性能大地电磁正演模型研究

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科学技术与工程 2013年第35期21卷 10697-10702页

作者：李姗姗 Paulus T.MULUNGA 王金峰孙晓玲防灾科技学院灾害信息系三河065201 Dept.of Comp.Eng.Faculty of Engineering & IT Ongwediva Campus University of Namibia

为了提高基于有限元法构建的大地电磁正演模型的计算性能,以及解决模型计算的复杂性问题,提出了一种基于美国新近提出的大规模科学计算领域组件规范CCA(common component architecture)构建的组件化分布式并行大地电磁正演MT模型。首先... 详细信息

为了提高基于有限元法构建的大地电磁正演模型的计算性能,以及解决模型计算的复杂性问题,提出了一种基于美国新近提出的大规模科学计算领域组件规范CCA(common component architecture)构建的组件化分布式并行大地电磁正演MT模型。首先,基于CCA规范定义MT组件服务端口,定义MT组件;其次,采用有限元方法将Maxwell方程离散为线性系统,采用GreenField算法对其求解,设计了一种频率域分解策略实现了一个分布式并行MT模型;最后,采用Babel编译生成了一个分布式并行MT模型组件。实验结果表明,该方法所构建的MT模型组件具有较高的计算性能、灵活性和可扩展性。

关键词：大规模科学计算组件规范分布式并行计算大地电磁正演

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The Land- Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS): mobile apps and collaboration for optimizing climate change investments

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第3期2卷 31-38页

作者： Jeffrey E.Herrick Adam Beh Edmundo Barrios Ioana Bouvier Marina Coetzee David Dent Emile Elias Tomislav Hengl Jason W.Karl Hanspeter Liniger John Matuszak Jason CNeff Lilian Wangui Ndungu Michael Obersteiner Keith D.Shepherd Kevin C.Urama Rik van den Bosch Nicholas P.Webb U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research service New Mexico State UniversityJornada Experimental Range MSC 3JERBox 30003Las CrucesNew Mexico 88003-8003 USA World Agroforestry Centre United Nations AvenueGigiriP.O.Box 30677Nairobi00100Kenya U.S.Agency for International Development 3014th StreetSW SA-44(Rm 848)WashingtonD.C.20024 USA namibia University of Science and Technology 13 Storch StreetPrivate Bag 13388WindhoekNamibia Merchants of Light Ltd Forncett EndNorfolkEngland ISRIC-World Soil information Droevendaalsesteeg 36708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Center for the development and Environment University of BernHallerstrasse 103012BernSwitzerland U.S.Department of State/OES 2201 C St.NWWashingtonD.C.20520USA Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado at BoulderCampus Box 397BoulderColorado 80309 USA RCMRD SERVIR-Eastern&Southern AfricaP.O.Box 63200618 RuarakaNairobiKenya International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361LaxenburgAustria African Development Bank Avenue Jean-Paul II01 BP 1387Abidjan 01Côte d’Ivoire

Massive investments in climate change mitigation and adaptation are projected during coming *** of these investments will seek to modify how land is *** return on both types of investments can be increased through an understanding of land potential:the potential of the land to support primary production and ecosystem services,and its resilience.A Land-Potential Knowledge System(LandPKS)is being developed and implemented to provide individual users with point-based estimates of land potential based on the integration of simple,geo-tagged user inputs with cloud-based information and *** system will rely on mobile phones for knowledge and information exchange,and use cloud computing to integrate,interpret,and access relevant knowledge and information,including local knowledge about land with similar *** system will initially provide management options based on long-term land potential,which depends on climate,to-pography,and relatively static soil properties,such as soil texture,depth,and *** mod-ules will provide more specific management information based on the status of relatively dynamic soil properties such as organic matter and nutrient content,and of *** paper includes a discus-sion of how this system can be used to help distinguish between meteorological and edaphic drought.

关键词： agriculture analytics crowdsourcing expert systems extension knowledge management land evaluation land-use planning mobile apps sustainability sustainable land management

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