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Warming intensified the effects of nitrogen addition on N_(2)O emissions from alpine meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change research 2024年第1期15卷 101-112页

作者： Ming-Jie LI Yi-Qing GE Hasbagan GANJURJAV Guo-Zheng HU Hong-Bao WU Jun YAN Shi-Cheng HE Qing-Zhu GAO Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China National Agricultural Experimental station for Agricultural Environment Nagqu 852100China Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China College of Resource and Environment Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China nagqu Agriculture Animal Husbandryand Prataculture Science and Technology Research and Extension CenterNagqu 852100China Tongliao Experimental Middle School Tongliao 028000China

Warming and nitrogen(N)addition may impact soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions,but the relationship between plant community composition and soil microbial activities remains unclear.For a two-year field study in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,open-top chambers were used to quantify the effects of warming,N-addition,and their interactions on N_(2)O emissions.We found that the N-addition greatly increased N_(2)O emissions by 77.4%in 2018 when compared to the control group.In contrast,warming showed little effect on N_(2)0 emissions but did increase the activity of enzymes associated with soil nitrification and denitrification.A combined effect of warming and N-addition of resulted in 208.6%(2018)and 90.8%(2019)increase in N_(2)0 emissions,respectively,compared to the individual treatments of warming or N-addition.Global warming in alpine meadows is causally linked to increased legume biomass which is further intensified with the N-addition.Intensified legume biomass(palpine meadows inthefuture.

关键词： alpine meadow Community composition Nitrogen addition Nitrous oxide flux Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Warming

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alpine grassland degradation intensifies the burrowing behavior of small mammals:evidence for a negative feedback loop

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 240-252页

作者： Zaiwei WANG Jiawen YAN Amy MARTIN Dianne HBRUNTON Jiapeng QU Jin-Sheng HE Weihong JI Zhibiao NAN State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare research LincolnNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey University(Albany Campus)AucklandNew Zealand Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Qinghai Haibei National Field research station of alpine grassland Ecosystem Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Globally,grassland degradation is an acute ecological problem.In alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau,increased densities of various small mammals in degraded grassland are assumed to intensify the degradation process and these mammals are subject to lethal control.However,whether the negative impact of small mammals is solely a result of population size or also a result of activity and behavior has not been tested.In this study,we use plateau pika as a model to compare population size,core area of colony,and the number of burrow entrances and latrines between lightly and severely degraded grassland.We test whether the alleged contribution of pika to grassland degradation is a result of increased population size or increased burrowing activities of individuals in response to lower food abundance.We found that grassland degradation resulted in lower plant species richness,plant height,and biomass.Furthermore,the overall population size of pika was not significantly affected by location in lightly and severely degraded grassland.However,pika core areas in severely grassland degradation were significantly larger and had significantly higher densities of burrows and latrines.Our study provides convincing evidence that habitat-induced changes in the behavior of small,burrowing mammals,such as pika,can exacerbate grassland degradation.This finding has significant implications for managing small mammals and restoring degraded grassland ecosystems.

关键词： burrowing behavior grassland degradation plateau pika population size small mammals

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Effect of soil archaea on N2O emission in alpine permafrost

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第2期16卷 45-62页

作者： YuZheng Gu ChenJie Dong ShengYun Chen JingWei Jin PeiZhi Yang JianWei Chen PeiJie Wei Ali Bahadur College of grassland Agriculture Northwest A&F University Cryosphere and Eco-Environment research station of Shule River Headwaters Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences College of Ecology Lanzhou University BGI-Qingdao BGI-Shenzhen University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles, yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons, remain elusive, especially in the case of soil archaea. Here, we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results suggested that, for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer, abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity, while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season. Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa, respectively. Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa, respectively. The archaeal ecological network influenced N2O flux through different modules. Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N2O flux. Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.

关键词： alpine permafrost Abundant and rare archaea Assembly processes Co-occurrence network N 2 O flux

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物种异步性在不同增温条件下维持群落稳定性

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 104-114页

作者： Qianxin Jiang Juntao Zhu Peili Shi Yunlong He Yangjian Zhang Jun Yan Wendong Xie Ning Zong Ge Hou Ruonan Shen Jiahe Zheng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China nagqu Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology research and Promotion Center Nagqu 852000China

不对称季节性增温,即冬季的温度增加明显高于夏季,已成为全球变暖的一个重要特征,尤其在寒冷和高海拔地区。过去的研究主要关注全年的温度增高,而对冬季增温的关注相对较少。然而,关于冬季增温对生态系统功能的影响存在显著的知识空缺... 详细信息

不对称季节性增温,即冬季的温度增加明显高于夏季,已成为全球变暖的一个重要特征,尤其在寒冷和高海拔地区。过去的研究主要关注全年的温度增高,而对冬季增温的关注相对较少。然而,关于冬季增温对生态系统功能的影响存在显著的知识空缺。为了解决这个问题,我们在青藏高原的高寒草甸进行了为期8年的控制增温实验,设置3种处理:自然对照、全年增温和冬季增温。结果发现,无论是全年增温还是冬季增温都没有显著改变群落水平的物种丰富度。值得注意的是,通过物种异步性,群落生物量的稳定性得以维持。然而,增温对植物丰度组(优势种、常见种和稀有种)产生了显著影响。具体而言,冬季增温增强了优势种的稳定性,这是通过增加优势种的物种异步性,即禾本科植物和非禾本科杂草植物之间发生了补偿动态来实现的。相反,全年增温降低了常见种的稳定性,这与常见种丰富度的增加和常见种中异步性的下降相关。因此,本研究强调了高寒草甸在不同增温条件下通过物种异步动态来维持群落生物量稳定性的能力,这些研究结果为理解青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统特征提供了新见解。

关键词：不对称季节性增温优势种生态水平物种异步性时间稳定性冬季增温

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Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 20-29页

作者： Yuan Zhang BenLi Liu Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification/research station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment in Dunhuang of Gansu Province(Dunhuang) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine sand areas Inoculated biological soil crusts technology Algae Cyanobacteria

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Whole-soil warming shifts species composition without affecting diversity,biomass and productivity of the plant community in an alpine meadow

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Fundamental research 2023年第2期3卷 160-169页

作者： Wenkuan Qin Ying Chen Xudong Wang Hongyang Zhao Yanhui Hou Qiufang Zhang Xiaowei Guo Zhenhua Zhang Biao Zhu Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Qinghai Haibei National Field research station of alpine grassland Ecosystem and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China

The structure and function of plant communities in alpine meadow ecosystems are potentially susceptible to climate warming.Here,we utilized a unique field manipulation experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and investigated the responses of plant species diversity,composition,biomass,and net primary productivity(NPP)at both community and functional group levels to whole-soil-profile warming(3–4℃ across 0–100 cm)during 2018–2021.Plant species diversity,biomass and NPP(both above-and belowground)at the community level showed remarkable resistance to warming.However,plant community composition gradually shifted over time.Over the whole experimental warming period,aboveground biomass of legumes significantly decreased by 45%.Conversely,warming significantly stimulated aboveground biomass of forbs by 84%,likely because of better growth and competitive advantages from the warming-induced stimulation of soil water and other variables.However,warming showed minor effects on aboveground biomass of grasses and sedges.Overall,we emphasize that experimental warming may significantly affect plant community composition in a short term by triggering adjustments in plant interspecific competition or survival strategies,which may cause potential changes in plant productivity over a more extended period and lead to changes in carbon source-sink dynamics in the alpine meadow ecosystem.

关键词： Whole-soil-profile warming Compensatory interactions Legumes Forbs Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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气候变化对中国西南地区农田水分利用效率影响的海拔差异

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第8期32卷 1601-1614页

作者：陶健朱军涛张扬建董金玮张宪洲 School of Public Administratio n Shand ong Tech no logy and Business UniversityYantai 264005ShandongChina nagqu alpine grassland research station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Understanding climatic effects on cropland water use efficiency at different elevations is imperative for managing agricultural water and production in response to ongoing climate change in climate-sensitive areas with complex topography, such as southwestern China. We investigated climatic effects on cropland water use efficiency in southwestern China at each 100-m elevation bin during 2001–2017. The maximum water use efficiency was 1.71 gC kg^(–1) H_2O for the 1900–1999 m elevation bin under the growing season temperature and precipitation of 14.58±0.32℃ and 965.40±136.45 mm, respectively. The water use efficiency slopes were dominated by the evapotranspiration slopes at elevations below 1999 m but were controlled by the gross primary productivity slopes at elevations above 2000 m. This difference was caused by the substantial responses of evaporation to climate change at lower elevations and the increased climatic sensitivity of gross primary productivity at higher elevations. In comparison to those at other elevations, croplands at lower elevations were more vulnerable to extreme drought because of the dominant role fluctuating evapotranspiration played in water use efficiency. The findings will improve cropland water management in the study area.

关键词： cropland water use efficiency southwestern China elevational gradient

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Plateau pikas near roads are bold and silent when facing a potential predator

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 552-558页

作者： Bicheng Zhua Jiapeng Qu Jianguo Cui CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesQinghai 810008China Qinghai Haibei National Field research station of alpine grassland Ecosystem Qinghai 810008China

Human disturbance,particularly road traffic,is one of the greatest threats to wildlife.Considering the association between alerting behavior and the survival of animals,it is important to study the effects of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife.Previous studies assessing the shortterm impact of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife have focused on vigilance distances.However,studies on the use of alarm calls are scarce,and it is unclear whether such behavioral responses change after repeated exposure to road traffic.We assessed the alerting behavior of plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae)who were near or far from roads when facing a potential predator.We found that pikas near roads exhibited shorter vigilance and tolerance distances,and produced fewer alarm calls than those relatively far away from roads.Furthermore,both vigilance and tolerance distances of plateau pikas were significantly positively correlated with the distance from the burrow to the road.Road traffic reduced antipredator responses and shaped alerting behavior;that is,pikas near roads were bolder and more silent compared to those far away from roads.Our findings suggest that increasing urbanization will have corresponding effects on animal behavior,which may have significant fitness effects in the future.

关键词： alarm call flight initiation distance plateau pika Qinghai-Tibet Plateau road traffic vigilant behavior

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Short-term biochar effect on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties of a degraded alpine grassland

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 426-437页

作者： Jinsheng LI Xinqing SHAO Ding HUANG Kesi LIU Jianying SHANG Qian ZHANG Tianci ZHAO Xiaomeng YANG College of grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China) National Field station of grassland Ecosystem at Guyuan Hebei 076550(China) Department of Water and soil Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193(China)

Soil remediation is an important part of the restoration process of degraded terrestrial ecosystems.Due to its unique properties,biochar is being used widely as an effective soil modifier in agricultural systems,but research is still rare on biochar application in grassland ecosystems,especially in degraded alpine grasslands.In this study,we conducted a plot experiment to investigate the effect of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms at the 0–20 cm soil depth of a degraded alpine grassland in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.The experiment consisted of four corn straw biochar application levels(0%,0.5%,1%and 2%,with the percentage representing the ratio of biochar weight to the dry weight of soil in the surface 20 cm soil layer).When the biochar addition increased from 0%to 2%,total nitrogen,total organic carbon and available phosphorus in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased by 41%,55%and 45%,respectively,in the second year after biochar addition.Meanwhile,soil electrical conductivity decreased,and soil water content increased.Total microbial,fungal and bacterial biomasses in the 0–10 cm soil layer increased from 9.15 to 12.68,0.91 to 1.34,and 3.85 to 4.55μg g^(-1),respectively.The relative biomasses of saprophytic fungi and methanotrophic bacteria decreased,while the relative biomasses of ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased.These results indicate that biochar has a great potential in improving microbial activity and soil fertility in soil remediation of the degraded alpine grassland.

关键词： bacteria fungi microbial community phosphatase soil fertility soil modifier soil remediation urease

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Effects of long-term grazing exclusion on vegetation structure,soil water holding capacity,carbon and nitrogen sequestration capacity in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第3期20卷 779-791页

作者： YANG Yong-sheng ZHANG Fa-wei XIE Xian-rong WANG Jun-bang LI Ying-nian HUANG Xiao-tao LI Hui-ting ZHOU Hua-kun Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota and Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Qinghai Haibei National Field research station of alpine grassland Ecosystem Xining 810008China Xi Ning Municipal Beishan Forestry Farm Xining 810003China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Grazing exclusion is one of the primary management practices used to restore degraded grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.However,to date,the effects of long-term grazing exclusion measures on the process of restoring degraded alpine meadows have not been evaluated.In this study,moderately degraded plots,in which the vegetation coverage was approximately 65%and the dominant plant species was Potentilla anserina L,with grazing exclusion for 2 to 23 years,were selected in alpine meadows of Haibei in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Plant coverage,plant height,biomass,soil bulk density,saturated water content,soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)were evaluated.The results were as follows:(1)With aboveground biomass and total saturated water content at 0-40 cm depth,the average SOC and TN contents in moderately degraded alpine meadows increased as a power function,and the plant height increased as a log function.(2)The average soil bulk density at 0-40 cm depth first decreased and then increased with increasing grazing exclusion duration,and the minimum value of 0.90 g·cm^(-3) was reached at 15.23 years.The plant coverage,total belowground biomass at 0-40 cm depth,total aboveground and belowground biomass first increased and then decreased,their maximum values(80.49%,2452.92g·m^(-2),2891.06 g·m^(-2))were reached at 9.41,9.46 and 10.25 years,respectively.Long-term grazing exclusion is apparently harmful for the sustainable restoration of degraded alpine meadows.The optimal duration of grazing exclusion for the restoration of moderately degraded alpine meadows was 10 years.This research suggests that moderate disturbance should be allowed in moderately degraded alpine meadows after 10years of grazing exclusion.

关键词： Long-term grazing exclusion Soil water holdingcapacity Soilcarbonand nitrogen sequestration Biomass alpine meadow

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