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Investigation of Plasmodium falciparum Resistance Biomarkers among Primary School Children in Western kenya

American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第2期12卷 43-53页

作者： Otilmoi Poul Stephen Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Rebecca Wanjiku Waihenya Matthew Mutinda Munyao Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Caroline Wangui Njoroge Anne Wanjiru Mwangi Joanne Jepkemei Yego Nicole Sian Tanchu Dawala Koromtili Oumar Grace Ngendo Kanyita Primrose Muthoni Ndungu Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Innovation Technology Transfer Department Kenya Medical Research Institute (ITTD-KEMRI) Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department School of Biological Sciences College of Pure and Applied Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Production Department KEMRI Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya nagasaki university institute of tropical medicine Kenya Medical Research Institute (NUITM-KEMRI) Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Background: A marked decrease in malaria-related deaths worldwide has been attributed to the administration of effective antimalarials against Plasmodium falciparum. However, the continuous spread of P. falciparum resistance to anti-malarial drugs is raising a serious problem in controlling Malaria to the vulnerable children’s immune system. In recent studies, Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 propeller gene (Pfk13) has been reported to develop resistance to artemisinin in South Asia. In this study, we checked Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene (Pfcrt) involved in chloroquine (CQ) resistance. Method: In this study, archived 280 samples were collected from Alupe primary school children in Busia, Western kenya from May, 2016 to November, 2016. Genomic DNA was extracted using the MightyPrep reagent. The samples were investigated for P. falciparum positivity out of which 67 of them tested positive giving a prevalence rate of 24%. The sixty-seven were subjected to PCR amplification for the molecular marker resistance to Pfcrt. After PCR amplification, the amplicons were purified and sequenced using Sanger Sequencing. The sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit software to identify point mutations. Results: 14 samples sequences were analyzed on Bioedit software giving the following amino acid changes F76C, Y66H, L70A, Y58C, T59V, V65I, P67L, T81L, Y60S, Y66S, P67T and I71F). New mutations have been reported at position 76 leading to an amino acid change, one of Pfcrt gold standard biomarkers. However, amino acid changes Y66H, L70A, Y58C, T59V, V65I, P67L, T81L, Y60S, Y66S, P67T and I71F are newly reported giving an increase in Pfcrt prevalence of concern from zero to 5.0%. A phylogenetic evolutionary relationship was constructed as shown below. Generally, the results showed a continuous resistance of *** to Pfcrt which calls for robust continuous monitoring and surveillance. Conclusion: Due to the increase of the resistant Pfcrt gene pre

关键词： P. falciparum Chloroquine Drug Resistance Malaria P. falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Gene Mutations

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China:the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China

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Frontiers of medicine 2023年第1期17卷 85-92页

作者： Jun Feng Li Zhang Zhigui Xia Shuisen Zhou Ning Xiao Xiao-Nong Zhou National institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

In 2017,China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time,and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in *** further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program,a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for Malaria Elimination in China was carried *** of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China(The Atlas).The Atlas using modern digital information technologies,has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950,to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial *** Atlas is designed as two volumes,including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts,consisting of introductory maps,thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial *** objectively and directly shows the epidemic history,evolution process,and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in *** Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China,and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria transmission control elimination China atlas

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projecting the proliferation risk of Oncomelania hupensis in China driven by SSPs:A multi-scenario comparison and integrated modeling study

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Advances in Climate Change research 2022年第2期13卷 258-265页

作者： Yan-Feng GONG Xiao-Kang HU Yu-Wan HAO Zhuo-Wei LUO Jia-Xin FENG Jing-Bo XUE Zhao-Yu GUO Yin-Long LI Li-Juan ZHANG Shang XIA Shan LYU Jing XU Shi-Zhu LI National institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025China School of Global Health Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

Climate change has been known to cause variations in the geographically suitable areas for the schistosome-transmitting Oncomelania hupensis(***).The spread of snails not only depends on the degree of warming but also on the socioeconomic development of the next few *** socioeconomic pathways(SSPs)published by CMIP6 consider carbon emission pathways as well as influences of distinct types of social development and land use on the regional climate,providing the possibility to accurately evaluate the impact of socioeconomic development and climate variation on the spread of *** study employed SSP126,SSP245,SSP370,and SSP585 and the correlative approach to explore the impacts of climate change and socioeconomic development on the potential diffusion areas for *** in *** results exhibited strong evidence that *** will spread in the north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and disappear from a small part of its current southern habitat,whereas in Sichuan and Yunnan,*** may spread slightly to the *** projection also demonstrated that fossil fuel-driven development(SSP585)will be more conducive to the spread of *** breeding sites in the 2030s,whereas the continuous increase in snail breeding habitats under the regional rivalry path(SSP370)may lead to great challenges in snail control in the long term(2020-2080).

关键词： Oncomelania hupensis Shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs) Climate change China

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Changes in ecological stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Castanopsis hystrix plantations along an urbanization gradient in the lower subtropics

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Journal of Forestry research 2021年第6期32卷 2323-2331页

作者： Feifan Li Bing Sun Zhaowan Shi Nancai Pei research institute of tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhou510520People’s Republic of China

The stoichiometry of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorous in plants can reflect the interactions between plants and their *** interplay between plant nutrients,climatic factors,and soil properties and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are pillars of ecology but remain *** this study of plant C-N-P stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Castanopsis hystrix groves in three cities(Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Lechang)that represent an urban-rural gradient in Guangdong Province,South China,we explored potential relationships among NO_(2) concentrations,diameter at breast height(DBH),and resident human *** annual temperature,mean annual precipitation,insolation duration per year,and the human resident population differed significantly among the three *** C-N-P was always highest in suburban Lechang,and the concentration of NO_(2) was highest in urban Guanghzou(55.33±0.67μg m^(-3))and positively correlated with the resident population and leaf N:*** findings suggest that C-N-P stoichiometry of *** was better explained by NO_(2)than by soil C-N-P stoichiometry and that nutrient resorption was better explained by leaf nutrients and DBH than by NO_(2) and soil *** study supports the hypothesis that rapid urbanization influences NO_(2) concentrations and microclimate,which may jointly change the stoichiometry of plant nutrients in the forest ecosystems.

关键词： Ecological stoichiometry Nutrient cycling Plant-environment interaction Subtropical forest Urban–rural gradient

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Interdecadal Variations of Precipitation and Temperature in China Around the Abrupt Change of Atmospheric Circulation in 1976

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2009年第3期23卷 315-326页

作者：李春晖万齐林林爱兰谷德军郑彬 institute of tropical and Marine Meteorology/The Key Laboratory for tropical Monsoon CMA

The interdecadal characteristics of rainfall and temperature in China before and after the abrupt change of the general circulation in 1976 are analyzed using the global 2.5°×2.5° monthly mean reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction of US and the precipitation and temperature data at the 743 stations of China from the National Climate Center of China. The results show that after 1976, springtime precipitation and temperature were anomalously enhanced and reduced respectively in South China, while the reverse was true in the western Yangtze River basin. In summer, precipitation was anomalously less in South China, more in the Yangtze River basin, less again in North China and more again in Northeast China, showing a distribution pattern alternating with negative and positive anomalies （＂ , ＋, -, ＋＂）. Meanwhile, temperature shows a distribution of warming in South China, cooling in the Yangtze and Huaihe River basins, and warming again in northern China. In autumn, precipitation tended to decrease and temperature tended to increase in in South China and warming was most parts of the country. In winter, the trend across all parts of China. precipitation increased moderately The interdecadal decline of mean temperature in spring and summer in China was mainly due to the daily maximum temperature variation, while the interdecadal increase was mainly the result of the minimum temperature change. The overall warming in autumn （winter） was mostly influenced by the minimum （maximum） temperature variation. These changes were closely related to the north-south shifts of the ascending and descending branches of the Hadley cell, the strengthening and north-south progression of the westerly jet stream, and the atmospheric stratification and water vapor transport conditions.

关键词： temperature and precipitation in China seasons Hadley cell, upper-level westerly jet stream water vapor transport

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COVID-19: Antiviral Agents, Antibody Development and Traditional Chinese medicine

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 685-698页

作者： Wenyi Guan Wendong Lan Jing Zhang Shan Zhao Junxian Ou Xiaowei Wu Yuqian Yan Jianguo Wu Qiwei Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of tropical Disease research School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology Institute of Medical MicrobiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina

The World Health Organization(WHO) has declared coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is the first pandemic caused by coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug approved worldwide for treatment of patients with COVID-19. Therapeutic options in response to the COVID-19 outbreak are urgently needed. To facilitate the better and faster development of therapeutic COVID-19 drugs, we present an overview of the global promising therapeutic drugs, including repurposing existing antiviral agents,network-based pharmacology research, antibody development and traditional Chinese medicine. Among all these drugs,we focus on the most promising drugs(such as favipiravir, tocilizumab, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, Lianhua Qingwen, interferon beta-1 a, remdesivir, etc.) that have or will enter the final stage of human testing—phase Ⅲ–Ⅳ clinical trials.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Updates Drug repositioning Network-based pharmacology Antibody Traditional Chinese medicine

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Design and optimization of seedling-feeding device for automatic maize transplanter with maize straw seedling-sprouting tray

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第6期8卷 1-12页

作者： Zhang Wei Niu Zhaojun Li Lianhao Hou Yongrui College of Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqin g163319China tropical Agricultural Machinery research institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesZhanjiang 524091China

This research aimed to solve current problems in the process of maize transplanting in China such as large labor intensity,low working efficiency and poor *** the basis of the structure of a seedling-sprouting tray made of maize straw and the agronomic requirements of maize production,this study developed a new feeding device for such a sprouting tray,determined the dimensions of the key components in a virtual environment via Solid Edge software and obtained optimal working parameters in combination with *** tests on field validation and maize production were conducted as *** test results showed the importance of the working parameters on an upright degree in descending order(as well as the best working parameters)to be the vertical angle of seedling planting(13.14°),the forward speed of locomotion(0.57 m/s),and the horizontal angle of the seedling box(22.5°).The standard deviation of the field validation was 6.04%,which was within the allowable range to meet the requirements of maize *** with maize transplanting machines(and manual transplanting operations)on the current market,the labor inputs,as well as the rates of spacing and upright degree qualification,omitted planting and the yield using the new feeding device for automatic transplanter with maize straw seedling-sprouting trays increased 0(6.9%),0(3.1%),0(4.5%)and 0(−1.0%),respectively;whereas,the manufacturing cost was reduced by 35.5%.The results can provide a technical basis and reference for subsequent development of automatic transplanters with maize straw seedling-sprouting trays.

关键词： maize seedling-sprouting tray automatic maize transplanter seedling-feeding device optimization

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based analysis provides global insights into the cotton ovule and fiber proteomes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第2期59卷 154-163页

作者： Xiang Jin Limin Wang Liping He Weiqiang Feng Xuchu Wang institute of tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene research College of Life Sciences Peking University College of Horticulture and Landscape Hainan University

Proteomic analysis of upland cotton was performed to profile the global detectable proteomes of ovules and fibers using two-dimensional electrophoresis(2DE).A total of 1,203 independent protein spots were collected from representative 2DE gels,which were digested with trypsin and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time-offlight/time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF/TOF)mass *** mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry(MS or MS/MS)data were then searched against a local database constructed from Gossypium hirsutum genome sequences,resulting in successful identification of 975 protein spots(411 for ovules and 564 for fibers).Functional annotation analysis of the 975identified proteins revealed that ovule-specific proteins were mainly enriched in functions related to fatty acid elongation,sulfur amino acid metabolism and post-replication repair,while fiber-specific proteins were enriched in functions related to root hair elongation,galactose metabolism and D-xylose metabolic *** annotation analysis of the most abundant protein spots showed that 28.96%of the total proteins in the ovule were mainly located in the Golgi apparatus,endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondrion and ribosome,whereas in fibers,27.02%of the total proteins were located in the cytoskeleton,nuclear envelope and cell *** real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)analyses of the ovule-specific protein spots P61,P93 and P198 and fiber-specific protein spots 230,477 and 511 were performed to validate the proteomics ***-protein interaction network analyses revealed very different network cluster patterns between ovules and *** work provides the largest protein identification dataset of 2DE-detectable proteins in cotton ovules and fibers and indicates potentially important roles of tissue-specific proteins,thus providing insights into the cotton ovule and fiber proteomes on a global scale.

关键词： cotton 2DE MALDI-TOF/TOF GO enrichment protein-protein interaction networks

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Biochemical investigations during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration in leaflet explants from nodal segments of a mature Albizia procera tree

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Journal of Forestry research 2016年第3期27卷 699-705页

作者： Ekta Rai Sulochna Bouddha Shamim Akhtar Ansari Genetics and Plant Propagation Division Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur 482021 India institute of Forest Productivity Lalgutwa Ranchi 835303India

The in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree differed from that of leaflet explants of seedlings of Albizia procera（Roxb.）Benth. reported previously elsewhere. The leaflet explants from an adult tree passed through an initial callus phase for30 days on MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose,2.5 l M 2,4-D followed by a subsequent adventitious shoot differentiation phase for another 30 days on half MS medium supplemented with 0.25 l M each of BA and *** regeneration rate of in vitro adventitious shoots in explants from the adult tree, i.e.1.66 shoots/callus, was lower than that from seedlings, i.e. [10 shoots/callus,which was reported elsewhere. Correspondingly, the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase, and endogenous phenol content remained very low during in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree possibly due to lower availability of competent stem（juvenile） cells for the process.

关键词： Adventitious shoot differentiation Nitratereductase activity Peroxidase activity Phenol Solublesugar

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Novel drug designing rationale against Brugia malayi microfilariae using herbal extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical medicine 2010年第11期3卷 846-850页

作者： Sharma RD Petare S Shinde GB Kalyan Goswami Reddy MVR JB tropical Disease research Centre & Department of Biochemistry Mahatma Gandhi institute of medical Sciences Sevagram- 442102India Post Graduate Teaching Department of Biochemistry RTM Nagpur UniversityNagpurM.S.India JB tropical Disease research Centre & Department of Biochemistry Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical SciencesSevagram- 442102India

Objective:To explore the effect of herbal polyphenolics on filariasis in ***:Two herbal extracts,methanolic extracts of roots of Vitex negundo Linn.（Nirgundi） and leaves of Aegle marmelos Juss.（Beal） in different concentrations ranging from 40-80 ng/mL were tested for their antifilarial activity either alone or in combination with diethyl carbonate（DEC）（300μg/mL） and/or H2O2（0.5 mM）.Results:Combination of DEC and each extract had significant anti-filarial *** fractions of both extracts were not effective as crude herbal ***: Such unique pharmacodynamics reported in this study might provide new drug development stratagem against filariasis.

关键词： Herbal extracts Polyphenolics Apoptosis Brugia malayi

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