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Towards data-efficient mechanical design of bicontinuous composites usinggenerative AI

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 57-64页

作者： Milad Masrouri Zhao Qin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Laboratory for Multiscale Material Modelling Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA The BioInspired Institute Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA

The distribution of material phases is crucial to determine the composite’s mechanical *** the full structure-mechanics relationship of highly ordered material distributions can be studied with finite number of cases,this relationship is difficult to be revealed for complex irregular distributions,preventing design of such material structures to meet certain mechanical *** noticeable developments of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in material design enables to detect the hidden structure-mechanics correlations which is essential for designing composite of complex *** is intriguing how these tools can assist composite ***,we focus on the rapid generation of bicontinuous composite structures together with the stress distribution in *** find that generative AI,enabled through fine-tuned Low Rank Adaptation models,can be trained with a few inputs to generate both synthetic composite structures and the corresponding von Mises stress *** results show that this technique is convenient in generating massive composites designs with useful mechanical information that dictate stiffness,fracture and robustness of the material with one model,and such has to be done by several different experimental or simulation *** research offers valuable insights for the improvement of composite design with the goal of expanding the design space and automatic screening of composite designs for improved mechanical functions.

关键词： Generative artificial intelligence Stable diffusion Composite design Phase field model Molecular dynamics simulation

Violent collisions can reveal hexadecapole deformation of nuclei

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 1-3页

作者： Björn Schenke Physics Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

A new observable in heavy ion collision experiments was identified to be sensitive to the hexadecapole deformation of the colliding *** deformation is difficult to measure in traditional nuclear electric transition measurements,as it is often overwhelmed by the nuclear quadrupole *** opens the door to gain new insight into nuclear structure with experiments that were designed to study hot and dense nuclear matter.

关键词： deformation collision insight

Commentary on“Desialylated Platelets Maintain Immune Quiescence through Regulating Kupffer Cells”

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 621-623页

作者： Chen Li Craig N.Morrell Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA.

Platelets have long been studied for their roles in hemostasis and vascular injury repair. However, there is a continually evolving and deepening understanding that platelets initiate and regulate responses to tissue injury and pathogens, leading to platelets now being considered immune modulatory cells [1]. Platelets actively participate in host immune responses directly through pathogen engulfing and killing, or by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection or tissue injury [2]. Activated platelets promote inflammatory responses to tissue injury or infection by direct contact dependent interactions with immune cells and through indirect interactions via released soluble factors. However, mice that are deficient in platelets have skewed T helper cell differentiation [3] and increased vascular permeability [4], implying poorly defined roles for platelets in maintaining healthy immune homeostasis.

关键词： Platelet homeostasis Immune

Advances and opportunities in wind energy harvesting using plasma actuators:a review

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 197-225页

作者： Javad Omidi Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

The dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator has been recognized as a leading technology for controlling fluid flow and has found remarkable applications in wind energy harvesting over the past *** turbine aerodynamics are critical in this concept and performance is mainly determined by flow controllers,although significant technical progress is still *** paper examines all the critical studies to investigate the potential application of plasma actuators for airflow control over wind *** approach has been divided into three categories:wind turbine airfoils,horizontal-axis wind turbines and vertical-axis wind turbines aerodynamic performance and generated ***,the potential functions of plasma actuators in current and future wind turbine generators are *** actuators offer promising solutions to increasing power output,minimizing torque fluctuations and enabling self-starting capabilities,particularly in vertical-axis wind *** adjusting blade pitch angles in conjunction with plasma actuators,significant improvements in airflow optimization and power extraction have been *** the advancements,challenges persist,such as determining optimal actuator placement and overcoming structural limitations,especially concerning 3D effects and high Reynolds *** plasma actuators enhance aerodynamic efficiency,their complexity needs to be balanced against marginal gains in power production,especially in high-megawatt turbines,for which controlling flow at low wind speeds is *** research must focus on the sustainable integration of plasma actuators,pitch angle adjustments and active control mechanisms to fully exploit the potential of wind energy for a sustainable future.

关键词： plasma actuator wind turbine aerodynamic performance generated power

Spatio-temporal coupled mode theory for nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 267-282页

作者： Adam Overvig Sander A.Mann Andrea Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA

Diffractive nonlocal metasurfaces have recently opened a broad range of exciting developments in nanophotonics research and applications,leveraging spatially extended—yet locally patterned—resonant modes to control light with new degrees of *** conventional grating responses are elegantly captured by temporal coupled mode theory,current approaches are not well equipped to capture the arbitrary spatial response observed in the nascent field of nonlocal ***,we introduce spatio-temporal coupled mode theory(STCMT),capable of elegantly capturing the key features of the resonant response of wavefront-shaping nonlocal *** framework can quantitatively guide nonlocal metasurface design while maintaining compatibility with local metasurface frameworks,making it a powerful tool to rationally design and optimize a broad class of ultrathin optical *** validate this STCMT framework against full-wave simulations of various nonlocal metasurfaces,demonstrating that this tool offers a powerful semi-analytical framework to understand and model the physics and functionality of these devices,without the need for computationally intense full-wave *** also discuss how this model may shed physical insights into nonlocal phenomena in photonics and the functionality of the resulting *** a relevant example,we showcase STCMT’s flexibility by applying it to study and rapidly prototype nonlocal metasurfaces that spatially shape thermal emission.

关键词： theory resonant spatially

Emergency department management of acute agitation in the reproductive age female and pregnancy

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 83-90页

作者： Ariella Gartenberg Kayla Levine Alexander Petrie Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and North Central Bronx HospitalNY 10461USA

BACKGROUND:Agitation is a common presentation within emergent departments(EDs).Agitation during pregnancy should be treated as an obstetric emergency,as the distress may jeopardize both the patient and *** safety of psychotropic medications in the reproductive age female has not been well *** review aimed to explore a summary of general agitation recommendations with an emphasis on ED management of agitation during ***:A literature review was conducted to explore the pathophysiology of acute agitation and devise a preferred treatment plan for ED management of acute agitation in the reproductive age or pregnant ***:While nonpharmacological management is preferred,ED visits for agitation often require medical *** should be selected based on the etiology of agitation and the clinical setting to avoid major adverse *** effects are common in pregnant *** mild to moderate agitation in pregnancy,diphenhydramine is an effective sedating agent with minimal adverse *** moderate to severe agitation,high-potency typical psychotropics are preferred due to their neutral effects on *** has become the most frequently utilized psychotropic for agitation during *** generation psychotropics are often utilized as second-line therapy,including *** and ketamine have demonstrated adverse fetal ***:While randomized control studies cannot be ethically conducted on pregnant patients requiring sedation,animal models and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the effects of psychotropic medication exposure in *** the fetal risk associated with multiple doses of psychotropic medications remains unknown,weighing the risks and benefits of each agent,while utilizing the lowest effective dose remains critical in the treatment of acute agitation within the EDs.

关键词： Agitation Pregnancy Haloperidol Ketamine Benzodiazepines

PETG:Applications in Modern Medicine

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 45-55页

作者： Catherine Yan Corinne Kleiner Aaron Tabigue Veer Shah Gregory Sacks Darshi Shah Vincent DeStefano Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Department of Biology Niagara UniversityLewistonNYUSA Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol,PETG,is a miscible,transparent thermoplastic known to have strong tensile properties,high ductility,as well as resistance to heat and chemical *** may be manufactured in several ways,most notably 3D printing *** such,PETG has emerged as a viable biomaterial for a variety of medical applications such as tissue engineering,dentistry,optometry,vascular health,cardiology,orthopedics,neurology,gynecology,and *** also serves a valuable role in biomedical research and engineering by offering improvements in cell studies,drug carriers,and anti-bacterial *** medical research and innovation utilizing PETG will better characterize its value as an inexpensive and versatile biomaterial.

关键词： Polyethylene terephthalate glycol Tissue Engineering 3D Printing Clinical Applications Biomedical Research

Characteristics of U-pattern distribution of high-concentration ^(210)Pb in surface air at central Guizhou,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1750-1755页

作者： WAN Guojiang YANG Wei WANG Shilu WAN Enyuan WU Fengchang S.N.LEE WANG Changsheng HUANG Ronggui State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry ChineseAcademy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Environmental Measurements Laboratory Department of Homeland Security NY 10014-4811 USA

A better understanding of the variation of 210Pb concentrations in the surface air is the key to trace lake sedimentation and catchment erosion, to establish and vali-date the global diffusion model of contaminants, and to as-sess the impact of natural radiation on the ecological system. Basing on the study progresses of the sedimentation, the at-mospheric model and the unique environmental background in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and starting from December 20, 2001, we made use of a 500 NE Type aerosol sampler to collect filter samples, once a week in the past consecutive two years, in the surface air at Mt. Guanfeng, Guiyang City, China. Synchronous detailed γ -energy spectrometric obser-vations of 210Pb concentrations at both Chinese and U.S. laboratories have shown that the average monthly 210Pb concentration displays a regular U-patterns distribution of annual variations, with high values appearing in winter and low values in late spring and summer. The average annual 210Pb concentrations are estimated to be 2.77±0.63 mBq/m3, about 4 times the average maximum concentrations reported from quite a number of monitoring stations throughout the world. The possible factors affecting the sources of 210Pb in the surface air in the central part of Guizhou Province are: Release of 222Rn from the U-Ra series enriched in the soils; chemical weathering of carbonate rocks; the exploitation, processing and utilization of coal and phosphorous resources. The principal factor controlling the high 210Pb concentrations in the surface air in the central Guizhou and their annual U-pattern distribution is the release of 222Rn. The average monthly 210Pb concentrations show a good negative power- function relationship with increasing precipitation and also show a good negative linear-function relationship with the rise of air temperature in month grouping. Group No.1 (June to November) reflects a relatively low release of 222Rn from soils in relatively high temperature seasons; Group

关键词：表面空气铅浓度 U模式分布中国贵州

Small molecule conjugates with selective estrogen receptor β agonism promote anti-aging benefits in metabolism and skin recovery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2137-2152页

作者： Tarik Zahr Vijay K.Boda Jian Ge Lexiang Yu Zhongzhi Wu Jianwen Que Wei Li Li Qiang Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Drug Discovery Center College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Center for Human Development Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Medicine Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA

Estrogen is imperative to mammalian reproductivity,metabolism,and ***,the hormone activating estrogen receptor(ERs)αcan cause major safety concerns due to the enrichment of ERαin female tissues and certain *** contrast,ERβis more broadly expressed in metabolic tissues and the ***,it is desirable to generate selective ERβagonist conjugates for maximizing the therapeutic effects of ERs while minimizing the risks of ERα***,we report the design and production of small molecule conjugates containing selective non-steroid ERβagonists Gtx878 or *** of aged mice with our synthesized conjugates improved aging-associated declines in insulin sensitivity,visceral adipose integrity,skeletal muscle function,and skin health,with validation in *** further uncovered the benefits of ERβconjugates in the skin using two inducible skin injury mouse models,showing increased skin basal cell proliferation,epidermal thickness,and wound ***,our ERβ-selective agonist conjugates offer novel therapeutic potential to improve aging-associated conditions and aid in rejuvenating skin health.

关键词： Estrogen receptorβ Aging Metabolism Skin injury Muscle metabolism Small molecule conjugates Regeneration Adiposity