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The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults： An observational study

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： Sally Miller Ruth E.Taylor-Piliae School of Nursing Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240 USA College of Nursing The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Background: Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference *** aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving ***: The Driving Health Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale(VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners(n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi ***: Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test(p < 0.001, d = 1.63), maze navigation(p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test,(p < 0.001, r = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS(p < 0.001, d = 0.75; p = 0.002, d = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance(β = 0.34,p = 0.009).Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures

关键词： Automobile driving Driving performance Exercise Older adults Physical activity Tai Chi

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Compositional evolution of lava plains in the Syria-Thaumasia Block,Mars

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第5期57卷 994-1000页

作者： HUANG Jun XIAO Long Planetary Science Institute China University of Geosciences Mars Space Flight facility Arizona State University

Tharsis is the most prominent volcanic province on Mars,yet the compositions of lava flows and how composition relates to the development of Tharsis are poorly *** of Tharsis is covered with air-fall dust,which inhibits spectroscopic determination of lava *** Syria-Thaumasia Block(STB)is a complex tectono-volcanic province closely related to the Tharsis *** lava plains of STB have different emplacement ages,which provide an opportunity to examine whether magma composition changed with the evolution of *** this study,we assessed the lava plains using Thermal Emission Spectrometer(TES)*** derived physical properties,we targeted dust-free regions from four different-aged geological units'surfaces and determined the mineralogical composition by modeling the average TES surface spectrum from each of the four *** units have similar mineralogy but the younger two units have elevated abundance of *** spatial distribution of wrinkle ridges indicates lava plains of unit HNr(older ridged plains material)and Hr(younger ridged plains material)were emplaced before the rise of Tharsis,whereas Hsl(flows of lower member)and Hsu(upper member)were emplaced after Tharsis uplift was *** show that the magma composition differed in the lava plains of STB after the uplift of *** study further characterizes early martian magma composition and evolution.

关键词： Syria-Thaumasia Block lava plains volcanism Tharsis Mars

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Portable and sensitive air pollution monitoring

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 987-988页

作者： Judith Su Department of Biomedical Engineering and College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

A compact optical nanofiber sensor enables detection of 100 nm particles in the *** device improves our ability to track air quality with high spatiotemporal *** pollution has enormous health and economic costs,causing an estimated 7 million deaths per year1 and costing US$225 billion globally in 2013 according to the most recent data from the World Health Organization(WHO)and World Bank,*** this impact,air pollution levels continue to increase,with 92%of the world’s population living in environments in which WHO air quality guidelines are not met3.

关键词： pollution globally enable

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Pipeline thickness estimation using the dispersion of higher-order SH guided waves

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 389-396页

作者：代政辰刘金霞龙云飞张建海 Tribikram Kundu 崔志文 Department of Acoustics and Microwave Physics College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonArizona 85721USA College of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Thickness measurement plays an important role in the monitoring of pipeline corrosion damage. However, the requirement for prior knowledge of the shear wave velocity in the pipeline material for popular ultrasonic thickness measurement limits its widespread application. This paper proposes a method that utilizes cylindrical shear horizontal(SH) guided waves to estimate pipeline thickness without prior knowledge of shear wave velocity. The inversion formulas are derived from the dispersion of higher-order modes with the high-frequency approximation. The waveform of the example problems is simulated using the real-axis integral method. The data points on the dispersion curves are processed in the frequency domain using the wave-number method. These extracted data are then substituted into the derived formulas. The results verify that employing higher-order SH guided waves for the evaluation of thickness and shear wave velocity yields less than1% error. This method can be applied to both metallic and non-metallic pipelines, thus opening new possibilities for health monitoring of pipeline structures.

关键词： pipeline wall thickness higher-order modes SH guided waves dispersion

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Green Walls as Mitigation of Urban Air Pollution:A Review of Their Effectiveness

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Research in Ecology 2023年第2期5卷 1-13页

作者： Kuok Ho Daniel Tang Department of Environmental Science The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Mitigation of urban air pollution has been constrained by the availability of urban spaces for *** walls offer the prospect of greening spaces and surfaces without requiring large *** walls can largely be divided into green facades where the aboveground parts of plants rooted in soil and pots grow directly on,and living walls holding bags,planter tiles,trays and vessels containing substrates in which plants are *** facades and living walls can be continuous or modular with repeating units that can be assembled for *** review aims to present the effectiveness of green walls in removing different types of air pollutants in indoor and outdoor *** examined more than 45 peer-reviewed recently published scholarly articles to achieve the *** highlights that most of the studies on green walls focus on particulate matter removal and green walls could effectively remove particulate matter though the effectiveness varies with plant types,air humidity,rainfall and its intensity,leaf area index and contact angle,green wall surface coverage ratio,as well as the height of green *** the height of green walls and optimizing their distance from roadsides could promote the deposition of particulate *** off could regenerate plant surfaces for capturing *** walls are also effective in removing NO2,O3,SO2 and *** active living walls,when properly designed,could have air purifying performance comparable to a HVAC *** performance of green walls could be optimized through polycultures,selection of plants,surface coverage and height,and air inflow.

关键词： Air pollution Green facade Leaf surface Living walls Particulate matter Outdoor

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Situationism and Moral Responsibility

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第3期13卷 420-429页

作者： ZHANG Ke Department of Philosophy The University of Arizona Tucson AZ85721 USA

In section 1, I will describe how moral responsibility requires normative competence. In section 2, I will introduce an influential social psychology experiment and consider one of its philosophical interpretations, situationism. In section 3, I will discuss the possession response in defense of normative competence. This is an approach to save normative competence via possession, and in turn the concept of the morally responsible agent, by relinquishing the need for exercising normative competence. After discussing its pros and cons, section 4 will focus on the exercise response, which emphasizes each singular exercise of normative competence. Given these two responses, I will argue that we are faced with a dilemma. If we admit that the concept of the morally responsible agent is grounded in the mere possession of normative competence, then the concept becomes useless in a practical sense, forcing us to embrace a concept that is tied to the exercise of normative competence. If we admit that the morally responsible agent is grounded in only the exercise of normative competence, the concept of the morally responsible agent no longer aligns with common sense.

关键词： situationism moral responsibility normative competence possession response exercise response

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Adaptive Thermoforming and Structural Design of Millimeter-Wave Antenna Panels

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第4期5卷 327-335页

作者： Zack Hatfield Alex St.Peter Christian Davila-Peralta Joel Berkson Daewook Kim Justin Hyatt James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University BlvdTucsonAZ85721USA Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry AveTucsonAZ85721USA

Future large-scale radio telescope observatories,such as the next-generation Very Large Array,involve extremely large collection *** collection areas are divided into smaller shaped panels,which typically require their own unique molds to *** these projects to be cost-effective,an efficient fabrication method for the shaped panels is *** paper outlines the development and success of a novel adaptive freeform panel molding technology that greatly improves manufacturing efficiency due to its repeatable and reusable ***,it presents an analysis of a proposed panel structural design for the shaped panels,which incorporates a study on surface deformation due to gravity and wind loading under realistic operational conditions.

关键词： Radio telescope Millimeter-wave Thermoform Adaptable mold

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A UNIFIED ENERGY APPROACH TO A CLASS OF MICROMECHANICS MODELS FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1995年第1期11卷 59-75页

作者：黄永刚黄克智胡凯雄 A.Chandra Dept.of Aerospace and Mech.Eng. The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Dept.of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Several micromechanics models for the determination of composite moduli are investigated in this paper,including the dilute solution,self-consistent method,generalized self-consistent method,and Mori-Tanaka's *** mi- cromechanical models have been developed by following quite different approaches and physical *** is shown that all the micromechanics models share a common ground,the generalized Budiansky's energy-equivalence *** dif- ference among the various models is shown to be the way in which the average strain of the inclusion phase is *** a bonus of this theoretical development,the asymmetry suffered in Mori-Tanaka's method can be circumvented and the applica- bility of the generalized self-consistent method can be extended to materials contain- ing microcracks,multiphase inclusions,non-spherical inclusions,or non-cylindrical *** relevance to the differential method,double-inclusion model,and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds is also *** application of these micromechanics models to particulate-reinforced composites and microcracked solids is reviewed and some new results are presented.

关键词： micromechanics models energy-equivalence framework dilute solution self-consistent method generalized self-consistent method Mori-Tanaka's method

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Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt Nathan Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac Pimienta Rachel Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)released the first-ever image of a black hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like black holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity,larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies,and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher *** leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and,therefore,a more productive *** this paper,we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope *** measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip,tilt,and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

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Ensembles vs. information theory: supporting science underuncertainty

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 653-660页

作者： Grey S.NEARING Hoshin V.GUPTA university of Alabama Department of Geological SciencesTuscaloosaAL 35294-1152USA university of arizona Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric SciencesTucsonAZ 85721-0158USA

Multi-model ensembles are one of the most common ways to deal with epistemic uncertainty in hydrology. This is a problem because there is no known way to sample models such that the resulting ensemble admits a measure that has any systematic (i.e., asymptotic, bounded, or consistent) relationship with uncertainty. Multi-model ensembles are effectively sensitivity analyses and cannot - even partially - quantify uncertainty. One consequence of this is that multi-model approaches cannot support a consistent scientific method - in particular, multi-model approaches yield unbounded errors in inference. In contrast, information theory supports a coherent hypothesis test that is robust to (i.e., bounded under) arbitrary epistemic uncertainty. This paper may be understood as advocating a procedure for hypothesis testing that does not require quantifying uncertainty, but is coherent and reliable (i.e., bounded) in the presence of arbitrary (unknown and unknowable) uncertainty. We conclude by offering some suggestions about how this proposed philosophy of science suggests new ways to conceptualize and construct simulation models of complex, dynamical systems.

关键词： information theory multi-model ensembles Bayesian methods uncertainty quantification hypothesis testing

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