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A new Monte Carlo code for absorption simulation of laser-skin tissue interaction

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第4期5卷 238-240页

作者： Afshan Shirklvand Saeed Sarlcar Marjaneh Hejazi Leila Ataie-Fashtami Mohammad Reza Alinaghizadeh medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering Department tehran University of medical Sciences tehran iran medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering Department tehran University of medical Sciences tehran iran Research center for Science and Technology in Medicine tehran iran iranian Academic center for Education Culture and Research tehran iran iranian center for medical Laser tehran iran noor medical imaging center tehran iran

In laser clinical applications, the process of photon absorption and thermal energy diffusion in the target tissue and its surrounding tissue during laser irradiation are crucial. Such information allows the selection of proper operating parameters such as laser power, and exposure time for optimal therapeutic. The Monte Carlo method is a useful tool for studying laser-tissue interaction and simulation of energy absorption in tissue during laser irradiation. We use the principles of this technique and write a new code with MATLAB 6.5, and then validate it against Monte Carlo multi layer （MCML） code. The new code is proved to be with good accuracy. It can be used to calculate the total power absorbed in the region of interest. This can be combined for heat modelling with other computerized programs.

关键词： Laser beams Laser irradiation medical imaging Multilayers Photon migration Tissue

Evaluation of corneal topographic,tomographic and biomechanical indices for detecting clinical and subclinical keratoconus:a comprehensive three-device study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第2期14卷 228-239页

作者： Zahra Heidari Hassan Hashemi Mehrdad Mohammadpour Kazem Amanzadeh Akbar Fotouhi noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Ophthalmology Farabi Eye Hospital and Eye Research CenterFaculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic ability of topographic and tomographic indices with Pentacam and Sirius as well as biomechanical parameters with Corvis ST for the detection of clinical and subclinical forms of keratoconus(KCN).METHODS:In this prospective diagnostic test study,70 patients with clinical KCN,79 patients with abnormal findings in topography and tomography maps with no evidence on clinical examination(subclinical KCN),and 68 normal control subjects were *** accuracy of topographic,tomographic,and biomechanical parameters was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and cross-validation *** Delong method was used for comparing ***:In distinguishing KCN from normal,all parameters showed statistically significant differences between the two groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION:In clinical KCN,all topographic,tomographic,and biomechanical indices have acceptable outcomes in terms of sensitivity and ***,in differentiating subclinical forms of KCN from normal corneas,curvature-based parameters(SIb and IS value)followed by integrated indices(PRFI and TBI)are the most powerful tools for early detection of KCN.

关键词： topography tomography biomechanical index keratoconus subclinical keratoconus

Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years:the tehran Geriatrics Eye Study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 721-728页

作者： Abolghasem Mortazavi Alireza Hashemi Alirerza Jamali Hassan Hashemi Mohammadreza Aghamirsalim Mehdi Khabazkhoob Department of Neurosurgery Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Rehabilitation Research center Department of OptometrySchool of Rehabilitation SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Translational Ophthalmology Research center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in tehran using multistage cluster *** selecting subjects aged 60 and over,optometric,and ophthalmic examinations were *** retinal examination,a 90 D lens was used and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed after instilling tropicamide *** was done using the IOL Master for all ***:Of 3791 people that were invited through cluster sampling,3310 participated in the study(response rate=82%).The prevalence of retinal pigmented epithelium(RPE)change,drusen,geographic atrophy(GA),hypertensive retinopathy(HTR),nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR),choroidal neovascularization(CNV),central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO),myopic retinopathy(MR),branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO),and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)was 27.42%,11.08%,4.52%,3.03%,4.05%,0.54%,0.82%,0.39%,0.20%,0.49%,and 0.19%,*** removing the effect of age,the odds of NPDR were 1.68 times higher in women compared to men(P=0.014).After removing the effect of sex,the odds of drusen,RPE change,GA,CNV,BRVO,and CRVO increased with ***:There is a higher prevalence of RPE change,drusen,GA,CNV and a lower prevalence of MR and CRAO in the elderly population of tehran aged over 60y compared to global average *** the correlation of most of the diseases with age and their effects on vision,attention should be paid to these diseases and the related screening programs to prevent vision impairment.

关键词： retinal pathologies cross-sectional study vision impairment

Smartphones,tele-ophthalmology,and VISION 2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第12期10卷 1909-1918页

作者： Mehrdad Mohammadpour Zahra Heidari Masoud Mirghorbani Hassan Hashemi Farabi Eye Hospital Ophthalmology Department and Eye Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Rehabilitation Science Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari ***Iran noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran

Telemedicine is an emerging field in recent medical achievements with rapid development. The ＂smartphone＂ availability has increased in both developed and developing counffies even among people in rural and remotes areas. Telebased services can be used for screening ophthalmic diseases and also monitoring patients with known diseases. Electronic ophthalmologic records of the patients including captured images by smartphones from anterior and posterior segments of the eye will be evaluated by ophthalmologists, and if patients require further evaluations, they will be referred to experts in the relevant field. Eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity are the most common causes of blindness in many countries and beneficial use of teleophthalmology with smartphones will be a good way to achieve the aim of VISION 2020 all over the world. Numerous studies have shown that teleophthalmology is similar to the conventional eye care system in clinical outcomes and even provides more patient satisfaction as it saves time and cost, This review explains how teleophthalmology helps to improve patient outcomes through smartphones.

关键词： smartphone tele-ophthalmology tele-retina tele-glaucoma tele-retinopathy of prematurity patientsatisfaction policy making

Residual refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes and related factors:a population-based study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第5期16卷 778-786页

作者： Hassan Hashemi Alireza Jamali Farhad Rezavn Alireza Hashemi Mehdi Khabazkhoob noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM: To determine residual refractive error after cataract surgery in pseudophakic eyes and its relationship with age, sex, and axial length(AL).METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, the sampling was performed on individuals aged 60y and above in tehran, iran using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Pseudophakic eyes with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/32 or better were analyzed and their refractive results were ***: The mean spherical equivalent(SE) refraction was-0.34±0.97 diopters(D) and the mean absolute SE was 0.72±0.74 D with a median of 0.5 D. Moreover, 32.68%(n=546, 95%CI: 30.27%-35.08%), 53.67%(n=900, 95%CI: 51.23%-56.1%), 68.99%(n=1157, 95%CI: 66.96%-71.02%), and 79.73%(n=1337, 95%CI: 77.69%-81.76%) of the eyes had a residual SE within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 D of emmetropia, respectively. According to the multiple logistic regression model, increasing age was associated with a statistically significant decrease in predictability for all cut points. Moreover, the predictability based on all cut points was significantly lower in individuals with an AL longer than 24.5 mm than in those with an AL between 22 to 24.5 ***: Based on the results, the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL) power calculation is lower for those who underwent cataract surgery during the last 5y in tehran, iran. Among the most important influential factors, the choice of IOL or it's power disproportionate to eye conditions and age can be mentioned.

关键词： cataract surgery pseudophakic axial length residual refractive errors

Agreements’profile of Scheimpflug-based optical biometer with gold standard partial coherence interferometry

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第12期16卷 2095-2104页

作者： Sara Sardari Akbar Fotouhi Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur Mehdi Khabazkhoob Research and Technology Deputy Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To determine the agreement of ocular biometric indices including axial length,keratometric readings,anterior chamber depth,and horizontal corneal diameter between the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master ***:The study was a large cross-sectional population-based study(tehran Geriatric Eye Study)conducted from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.A total of 160 clusters were randomly selected proportional to size(each cluster contained 20 individuals)from 22 strata of tehran *** people aged 60y and above were invited to participate in the *** all participants,preliminary ocular examinations were performed including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,anterior and posterior segment *** participants underwent an ocular biometry using the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master ***:The 95%limits of agreement(LoA)between the two devices were-0.13 to 0.19,-0.15 to 0.17,and-0.13 to 0.19 in normal,pseudophakic,and cataractous eyes,*** increasing the axial length,the difference between the two devices significantly increased in all three groups of normal,pseudophakic,and cataractous eyes(P<0.001).The 95% LoAs between the two devices regarding the mean keratometry shows that the best LoAs were seen in cataractous(-0.33 to 0.81)and followed by normal eyes(-0.36 to 0.86)and the pseudophakic eyes(-0.48 to 0.90)had the widest *** 95% LoAs for horizontal corneal diameter measurements were-0.08 to 0.86,-0.03 to 0.83,and-0.07 to 0.87 in normal,pseudophakic,and cataractous eyes,*** 95% LoAs of anterior chamber depth measurements between the two devices was-0.39 to 0.19 and-0.37 to 0.13 in normal eyes and cataractous,***:The Pentacam AXL has excellent agreement with the gold standard,IOL Master 500 in measuring axial *** eyes with cataracts,the difference between the two devices is more *** the increasing of axial length,the difference between the

关键词： ocular biometry optical biometer Pentacam AXL

The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第9期16卷 1535-1541页

作者： Hassan Hashemi Aida Shahidi Alireza Hashemi Alireza Jamali Abolghasem Mortazavi Mehdi Khabazkhoob noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Rehabilitation Research center Department of OptometrySchool of Rehabilitation SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Neurosurgery Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To determine the prevalence of red-green(RG)color vision deficiency(CVD)in an elderly population and its related ***:This report is a part of the tehran Geriatric Eye Study:a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population(≥60y)of tehran,iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster *** study participants underwent complete ocular examination,including the measurement of uncorrected and bestcorrected visual acuity,objective and subjective refraction,and slit-lamp *** color vision was tested using Ishihara plates with the near optical correction in ***:Of the 3791 invitees,3310 participated in the *** data of 2164 individuals were analyzed after applying the exclusion *** prevalence of R-G CVD was 3.73%(95%CI:2.37%–5.09%)in the whole sample;the prevalence of protanomaly,protanopia,and deuteranopia was 1.51%,1.76%,and 0.45%,*** prevalence of R-G CVD was significantly higher in males than in *** prevalence of RG CVD increased with advancing age from 2.91%in the age group 60–64y to 5.8%in the age group≥80y(P=0.070).According to the multiple logistic regression model,male sex,and glaucoma were significantly related to RG *** age and hypertension also had a marginally significant relationship with RG ***:Changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological *** the change in visual perception may affect the person’s performance,this aspect of the visual system’s function should also be taken into consideration in the examinations of the elderly.

关键词： color vision population-base study protanomaly protanopia deuteranopia elderly

Auto-refraction versus subjective refraction in different phakic and pseudophakic conditions:the tehran Geriatric Eye Study(TGES)

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第8期16卷 1309-1316页

作者： Hassan Hashemi Amir Asharlous Alireza Jamali Abolghasem Mortazavi Alireza Hashemi Mehdi Khabazkhoob noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Rehabilitation Research center Department of OptometrySchool of Rehabilitation SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Neurosurgery Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To compare the subjective refraction data with non-cycloplegic auto-refraction findings in the geriatric population above 60 years of age according to the different crystalline lens ***:This report is a part of the tehran Geriatric Eye Study(TGES)that was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 on elderly population 60 years of age and above in *** samples were selected by multistage stratified random cluster *** 3791 individual invitees,3310(response rate:87.3%)participated in this *** study participants underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction(auto-refractometer/keratometer Nidek ARK-510)and subjective ***:Regarding the sphere,eyes with mixed cataract had the worst limits of agreement(LoA:-1.24 to 0.87)and the best agreement was related to the pseudophakic eyes(LoA:-0.83 to 0.54).The highest(0.27±0.31 D)and lowest(0.21±0.27 D)differences between the two methods regarding the cylinder power were observed in eyes with cortical cataract and normal eyes,*** worst LoA between the two methods in measuring the cylinder power was related to the eyes with mixed cataract(LoA:-0.44 to 0.96).Regarding the J0(horizontal/vertical components of astigmatism),the mean values of J0 obtained by auto-refraction were tended more toward against the rule direction in all crystalline lens conditions,and the two methods had the greatest difference in cortical cataract cases(0.05±0.17 D).Regarding the J45(oblique components of astigmatism),the lowest(0±0.11 D)and highest(-0.01±0.12 D)differences were observed in normal eyes and eyes with cortical cataract,***:The auto-refractometer/keratometer Nidek ARK-510 results in the elderly with different phakic and pseudophakic conditions do not correspond well with subjective refraction *** discrepancy in spherical findings is more pronounced in individuals with mixed cataract than in other cases.

关键词： refraction subjective geriatric noncycloplegic autorefraction

Axial length and anterior chamber indices in elderly population: tehran Geriatric Eye Study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第11期16卷 1876-1882页

作者： Hassan Hashemi Samira Heydarian Alireza Hashemi Mehdi Khabazkhoob noor Research center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Rehabilitation Science School of Allied Medical SciencesMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari ***Iran noor Ophthalmology Research center Noor Eye HospitalTehran ***Iran Department of Basic Sciences School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

AIM:To determine the normative distribution of axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV),anterior chamber angle(ACA),and some of their associated factors in subjects aged 60 and ***:In this cross-sectional study,160 clusters were sampled using multi-stage cluster sampling in tehran,*** a preliminary interview,the participants underwent optometric examinations including visual acuity and refraction measurement followed by slit lamp ***,ocular imaging was done using the Pentacam AXL to measure AL,ACD,ACV,and ***:A total of 4519 eyes of 2436 participants were evaluated,of whom 58.0%(n=1412)were *** mean age of the subjects was 67.32±6.05y(range:60-95y).The mean AL,ACD,ACV,and ACA was 23.22 mm(23.18-23.27 mm),2.61 mm(2.59-2.62 mm),126.56 mm3(125.08-128.04 mm3),and 30.61°(30.3°-30.92°),*** the multivariable model,after adjusting for the effect of both eyes,the longest and shortest AL was seen in myopic and hyperopic subjects,***,ACD,ACV and ACA were significantly larger in men compared to women(P<0.001).Except ACA,other evaluated parameters showed an inverse correlation with age(P<0.001),however,this correlation was insignificant for AL(P=0.623).CONCLUSION:Normative value of AL,and other biometric parameters are specific for each ethnicity,age and sex *** alteration in these parameters and their effect on refraction should be considered in this age group,especially in case of cataract surgery.

关键词： biometry elderly axial length anterior chamber depth