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Water discharge variability of Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers and its response to climatic changes

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第6期32卷 1392-1405页

作者：张喜林范德江王厚杰杨作升 Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Land and Resources Qingdao Institute of marine Geology China Geological Survey

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.

关键词： water discharge Changjiang (Yangtze) River Huanghe (Yellow) River empirical modedecomposition maximum entropy spectral analysis large-scale climate factor

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Development of the Miocene Guangle Carbonate Platform in the South China Sea:Architecture and Controlling Factors

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第1期95卷 177-191页

作者： YANG Zhen LI Xuelin HUANG Lei WANG Liaoliang WU Shiguo ZHANG Xinyuan Guangzhou marine geological Survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 510075China Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Laboratory of marine Geophysics and Georesource Institute of Deep Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanyaHainan 572000China Laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266061China

This study investigates the evolution of the Miocene Guangle carbonate platform(or Triton Horst)of the northwestern South China Sea *** platform is located at a junction area surrounded by Yinggehai basin,Qiongdongnan basin and Zhongjiannan *** and regional geophysical data allow the identification of the morphologic and stratigraphic *** Guangle carbonate platform was initiated on a tectonic uplift during the Early *** early platform was limited at Mesozoic granitic basement,pre-Paleogene sediments localized tectonic uplift and was small extension at the beginning *** during the Middle Miocene,the carbonate buildup flourished,and grow a thrived and thick carbonate succession overlining the whole Guangle *** isolated platforms then united afterward and covered an extensive area of several tens of thousands of square ***,it terminated in the Late *** are the control factors on the initiation,growth and demise of the Guangle carbonate platform?The onset of widespread carbonate deposits largely reflected the Early Miocene transgression linked with early post-rift subsidence and the opening of the South China *** carbonate growth conditions on the Guangle carbonate platform probably resulted from increased inorganic nutrient input derived from the adjacent uplifted mainland,possibly enhanced by deteriorated climatic conditions promoting platform ***,tectonics and terrigenous input could be two main controlling factors on the development of the Guangle carbonate platforms and main evolution stages.

关键词： carbonate platform seismic characteristics tectonic subsidence South China Sea

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Lattice Boltzmann simulations of oscillating-grid turbulence

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第1期29卷 68-74页

作者：张金凤张庆河 JeromeP.-Y.Maa 乔光全 Department of Physical Sciences Virginia Institute of Marine Science School of Marine Science College of William and Mary Fourth Harbor Engineering investigation and Design Institute Co. Ltd. China Communications Construction Company

The lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the oscillating-grid turbulence directly with the aim to reproduce the experimental results obtained in laboratory. The numerical results compare relatively well with the experimental data through dete- rmining the spatial variation of the turbulence characteristics at a distance from the grid. it is shown that the turbulence produced is homogenous quasi-isotropic in case of the negligible mean flow and the absence of secondary circulations near the grid. The direct numerical simulation of the oscillating-grid turbulence based on the lattice Boltzmann method is validated and serves as the founda- tion for the direct simulation of particle-turbulence interactions.

关键词： Oscillating grid quasi-isotropic homogenous turbulence mean flow lattice Boltzmann method

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Shear Strength and Dilatancy of Calcareous Sand in the South China Sea

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China Ocean Engineering 2022年第5期36卷 781-790页

作者： PEI Hui-min WANG Dong Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Environment and geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao National Laboratory for marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100China

The shear strength and dilatancy of typical uncemented calcareous sand from the South China Sea are investigated by soil lab *** to drained triaxial tests at various relative densities and confining stresses,it is found that the constant volume friction angle is approximated as 39°and the traditional Bolton’s equations can be modified to estimate the peak friction angle and dilation *** reliability of the equation proposed for the peak friction angle is verified in terms of calcareous sands from more onshore and offshore sites worldwide,while the errors of the predicted dilation angles scatter in a relatively large ***,the dilation angles of sands in the South China Sea are estimated by the equation presented with an error of±30%.The peak friction angle measured by the undrained is similar to that by the drained tests as the relative density smaller than 60%,while the former is slightly lower for denser samples.

关键词： calcareous sand triaxial tests friction angle dilatancy drained South China Sea

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MODEL OF MODERN DYNAMIC DEPOSITION IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第3期7卷 274-282页

作者：周福根 marine geological Department and Analysis & Research Center Tongji University Shanghai

Since the last rising of sea level, two branches of the Kuroshio, the Huanghai ( Yellow Sea ) coastal current (HCC; mainly cold water mass)and the Changjiang River outflow have controlled the modem dynamic deposition in the East China Sea. There are three depositing areas on the sea-bed under the above currents: a relict sand area un der the Taiwan Warm Current and the Huanghai Warm Current at the south-eastern area, the about 60 km2 round mud bank under the Huanghai CoastalCurrent at the northernarea and the large subaqueous delta of mainly fine sand and silt under the Changjiang discharge flow in its estuary and the large narrow mud bank under the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current, another round mud bank under the Changjiang discharge flow off Hangzhou Bay. The relict sand area has a coarsesand block under the Taiwan Warm Current bypassing Taiwan at the northern part of the *** two round mud banks were formed in relatively static states by an anticlockwise converging cyclonic eddy. The

关键词： DYNAMIC Fujian Hangzhou Taiwan eastern banks branches Jiangsu modem outflow

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The failure propagation of weakly stable sediment:A reason for the formation of high-velocity turbidity currents in submarine canyons

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 100-117页

作者： Yupeng REN Yi ZHANG Guohui XU Xingbei XU Houjie WANG Zhiyuan CHEN Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Environment and geological Engineering Qingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Environment and geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of marine Environment and Ecology Ocean University of ChinaMinistry of EducationQingdao 266100China

The long-distance movement of turbidity currents in submarine canyons can transport large amounts of sediment to deep-sea *** studies show obvious differences in the turbidity current velocities derived from the multiple cables damage events ranging from 5.9 to 28.0 m/s and those of field observations between 0.15 and 7.2 m/***,questions remain regarding whether a turbid fluid in an undersea environment can flow through a submarine canyon for a long distance at a high speed.A new model based on weakly stable sediment is proposed(proposed failure propagation model for weakly stable sediments,WS S-PFP model for short)to explain the high-speed and long-range motion of turbidity currents in submarine canyons through the combination of laboratory tests and numerical *** model is based on two mechanisms:1)the original turbidity current triggers the destabilization of the weakly stable sediment bed and promotes the destabilization and transport of the soft sediment in the downstream direction and 2)the excitation wave that forms when the original turbidity current moves into the canyon leads to the destabilization and transport of the weakly stable sediment in the downstream *** proposed model will provide dynamic process interpretation for the study of deep-sea deposition,pollutant transport,and optical cable damage.

关键词： turbidity current excitation wave dense basal layer velocity WSS-PFP model

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Pore pressure observation: pressure response of probe penetration and tides

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第7期38卷 107-113页

作者： Tao Liu Guanli Wei Hailei Kou Lei Guo Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Environment and geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266061China College of Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao Institute of marine Geology China Geological SurveyQingdao 266071China

Excess pore water pressure is an important parameter that can be used to analyze certain physical characteristics of *** this paper,the excess pore water pressure of subseafloor sediment and its variation with tidal movement was measured following the installation of a wharf in Qingdao,China by using a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)*** results indicated that this FBG piezometer is effective in the *** measured variation of excess pore water pressure after installation is largely explained by the dissipation of excess pore water *** dissipation rate can be used to estimate the horizontal consolidation coefficient,which ranged from 1.3×10^–6 m^2/s to 8.1×10^–6 m^2/*** measured values during tidal phases are associated with the variability of tidal pressure on the seafloor and can be used to estimate the compressibility and the permeability of the sediment during tidal *** volume compression coefficient estimated from tidal oscillation was approximately 2.0×10^–11 Pa^–1,which was consistent with the data from the laboratory *** findings of this paper can provide useful information for in situ investigations of subseafloor sediment.

关键词： pore pressure in situ observation penetration tidal load

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Deepwater Canyons Reworked by Bottom Currents:Sedimentary Evolution and Genetic Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第5期23卷 731-743页

作者：吕彩丽姚永坚龚月华吴时国李学杰 Key Laboratory of marine Geology&Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou marine geological Survey

Based on multi-beam bathymetric data and 2D high-resolution, multi-channel seismic prof＇des, combing ODPl148 drilling data, the morphology, internal sedimentary architecture, and evo-lution pattern of 17 deepwater canyons from the Middle Miocene to present are documented in the northern Baiyun （白云） sag （BS）, Pearl River Mouth basin （PRMB）, and northern South China Sea （SCS）. There exist six seismic architectural elements in these canyons, including basal erosive surfaces （BES）, thalweg deposits （TD）, lateral migration packages （LMP）, mass transport deposits （MTD）, can- yon margin deposits （CMD）, and drape deposits （DD）. According to the stratigraphical ages and geo-metrical features of these canyons, their formation and evolution processes are divided into three stages：（1） Middle Miocene scouring-filling, （2） Late Miocene lateral migration, and （3） Pliocene-Quaternary vertical overlay. An auto-cyclic progressive process of eroding and filling by turbidity currents results in the scouring-filling and vertical overlay; bottom currents are responsible for the remarkable asym-metry between the two flanks of canyons; and faults are inherent dynamic forces triggering these can yons. It is inferred that these canyons are caused by the double effects of turbidity and bottom currents under the control of faults as inherent dynamic forces.

关键词： deepwater canyon-channel bot-tom current turbidity current lateral migration,South China Sea.

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Study on the Liquefaction Properties of Silt at Yellow River Delta

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第6期17卷 1382-1390页

作者： LIU Tao ZHOU Lei CHEN Xuguang Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Environment and geological Engineering Ocean University of China Laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Maine Science and Technology

The seabed of the Yellow River Delta is formed by the rapid deposition of sediments from the Yellow River. Recent researches have shown that the geological hazards in the Yellow River Delta are mainly related to the liquefaction of silty seabed under cyclic loading. In this paper, based on the theory of Stokes Viscous Principle, a self-design dragging ball apparatus was used to study the fluid characteristics of liquefied and post-liquefied silt more thoroughly. Wave flume and shaking table were used to apply wave loads and vibration loads. The pore pressure, earth pressure, and moving parameters of the dragging ball were recorded during tests. The effect of cyclic loads and excess pore pressure ratio on viscosity of silty soil is discussed. The constitutive model of flow characteristics of liquefied silt is also established. The results indicate that the apparent viscosity of silty soil is much higher than sand. Cyclic loads accelerated the process of silt liquefaction, resulting in the decrease in apparent viscosity. The excess pore pressure ratio(ru) has effect on silt liquefaction. When the soil had not reached the completely liquefied state(ru < 1), the apparent viscosity decreased with the increase of excess pore pressure ratio; when the soil had reached the completely liquefied state(ru = 1), the shear stress decreased with the increase of strain rate. It was determined that silty soil characterized by shear thinning can be viewed as a type of non-Newtonian fluid. The equation of the shear stress and shear strain rates was established by fitting the test data.

关键词： silt liquefaction fluid dragging ball method

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Deposition processes of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the inter-canyon area of Shenhu Area in the northern South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第2期41卷 740-756页

作者： Zhixuan LIN Ming SU Haiteng ZHUO Pibo SU Jinqiang LIANG Feifei WANG Chengzhi YANG Kunwen LUO School of marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Resources and Coastal Engineering Guangzhou 510006China Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000China Guangzhou marine geological Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 511458China

The Shenhu Submarine Canyon Group on the northern slope of the South China Sea consists of 17 slope-confined canyons,providing a good example for investigating their hosting *** drilling sites,including W07,W18,and W19,have proven the occurrence of gas hydrate reservoirs in the inter-canyon area between canyons C11 and ***,variations of the geomorphology and seismic facies analyzed by high-resolution 3D seismic data indicate that the gas hydrate-bearing sediments may form in different sedimentary *** the upper segment,a set of small-scale channels with obvious topographic lows can be identified,revealing fine-grained turbidites supplied from the shelf region during a very short-term sea-level *** the middle part,gas hydrate units at Site W07 showing mounded or undulation external configuration are interpreted as sliding sedimentary features,and those features caused by gravity destabilization were the main formative mechanism of gas hydrate-bearing sediments that were sourced from the upper *** contrast,for the canyon transition zone of lower segments between C11-C12 inter-canyon and C12 intra-canyon areas,where W18 and W19 sites are located,the gas hydratebearing sediments are deposited in the channelized feature in the middle to lower segment and slide erosive *** hydrate-bearing sediments of the lower segment were migrated through channelized features interconnecting with the middle to lower slope by gravity-driven *** majority of deposits tended to be furtherly moved by lateral migration via erosive surface created by sediment failed to intra-canyon *** conclusion of this study may help better understand the interaction between the formation mechanism of gas hydrate-bearing sediments and the geomorphologic effects of inter-canyon areas.

关键词： submarine canyons gas hydrate-bearing sediments seismic geomorphology inter-canyon transport process

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