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Estimating Evapotranspiration Using Chloride Mass Balance in a New Mexico Paired Basin Study 2009-2019

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第4期15卷 115-129页

作者： Amy C. Lewis Daniel Cadol HydroAnalytics LLC Santa Fe NM USA New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA

A paired basin study in the upper Santa Fe River watershed following forest thinning and prescribed burns successfully measured water budget components in a treated and an untreated (control) basin. The paired basin study was established to investigate questions that have arisen regarding changes in water yield from forest treatments. Precipitation, stream flow, soil moisture, and chloride concentrations in precipitation and stream flow were measured to quantify the water budget components. The results from eleven years of data collection and analysis have a high degree of confidence with respect to measuring the water budget components based on the mass balance of water and chloride. The differences in the geologic structure and topography between the two paired basins appeared to impact the water budgets more than the forest treatments, except during periods when winter precipitation and snowmelt represented a significant component of inflow. Although this paired basin study was not able to portray a simple relationship between forest thinning and water yield, the chloride concentration methodology used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) was successful. These detailed observations of chloride deposition and transport characteristics may be relevant for other researchers working in forested basins with substantial ET. ET rates were estimated by examining the cycle of chloride entering and exiting each basin over six integration periods. ET was estimated to be about 90% to 94% of precipitation in the treated basin and 77% to 86% in the control basin. The higher ET in the treated basin both before and after forest treatments may be due to the much greater area of west-facing hillslopes in the treated basin, which receive warm afternoon sun, and the greater area of rock cover in the control basin. Variation in the chloride concentration of collected precipitation samples from different sites indicates that horizontal precipitation of chloride in the tree canopy is an

关键词： Evapotranspiration Chloride Mass Balance Paired Basins Water Budgets Horizontal Precipitation

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Formation mechanism of ferromagnetic minerals in loess of China:TEM investigation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第20期48卷 2259-2266页

作者： CHENTianhu XUHuifang JIJunfeng CHENJun CHENYang CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalEngineering HefeiUniver-sityofTechnololzyHefei230009China DepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciences TheUniversityofNewMexicoNM87131USA InstituteofSurficialGeochemistry DepartmentofEarthSciencesNanjingUniversityNanjing210093China

The results of TEM investigation indicate that magnetite and maghemite are the major ferromagnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences. Primary magnetite has the similar morphology and surface characteristics as eolian detrital particles. The magnetite can be classified into two categories, high-titanium and low-titanium, which may be the indicators of magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks, respectively. TEM investigation at nanometer scale shows that primary detrital magnetite of micron scale had been partially weathered to maghemite of 5～20 nanometer during the pedogenic process, which maintain the pseudomorphism of the aeolian debris. Some chlorite particles were also weathered to nanometer scale magnetite or maghemite in the pedogenic process. So weathering of the two minerals leads to formation of superparamagnetism, which may be the important mechanism of magnetic-susceptibility increase in paleosols. The magnetite or maghemite resulting from the weathering of chlorite contains a small amount of P and S, which is the signal of microbe-mineral interaction, and indicates that microbes may play a certain role in chlorite weathering and formation of superparamagnetic particles.

关键词：铁磁性矿物中国黄土-古土壤序列透射电子显微镜磁铁矿磁赤铁矿

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Reduced Vector Helmholtz Wave Equation Analysis on the Wave-Number Side

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2019年第9期11卷 161-172页

作者： Randy Ott Retired Researcher Albuquerque NM USA

The resolvent helps solve a PDE defined on all of wave-number space, . Almost all electromagnetic scattering problems have been solved on the spatial side and use the spatial Green’s function approach. This work is motivated by solving an EM problem on the Fourier side in order to relate the resolvent and the Green’s function. Methods used include Matrix Theory, Fourier Transforms, and Green’s function. A closed form of the resolvent is derived for the electromagnetic Helmholtz reduced vector wave equation, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The resolvent is then used to derive expressions for the solution of the EM wave equation and provide Sobolev estimates for the solution.

关键词： Helmholtz em Vector Wave Equation Closed form of Resolvent Sobolev Estimates for Solution

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Predicting electronic structures at any length scale with machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1176-1185页

作者： Lenz Fiedler Normand A.Modine Steve Schmerler Dayton J.Vogel Gabriel A.Popoola Aidan P.Thompson Sivasankaran Rajamanickam Attila Cangi Center for Advanced Systems Understanding D-02826 GörlitzGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf D-01328 DresdenGermany Computational Materials and Data Science Sandia National Laboratories1515 Eubank BlvdAlbuquerque 87123 NMUSA Elder Research Inc.300 West Main StreetCharlottesville 22903 VAUSA Center for Computing Research Sandia National Laboratories1515 Eubank BlvdAlbuquerque 87123 NMUSA

The properties of electrons in matter are of fundamental *** give rise to virtually all material properties and determine the physics at play in objects ranging from semiconductor devices to the interior of giant gas *** and simulation of such diverse applications rely primarily on density functional theory(DFT),which has become the principal method for predicting the electronic structure of *** DFT calculations have proven to be very useful,their computational scaling limits them to small *** have developed a machine learning framework for predicting the electronic structure on any length *** shows up to three orders of magnitude speedup on systems where DFT is tractable and,more importantly,enables predictions on scales where DFT calculations are *** work demonstrates how machine learning circumvents a long-standing computational bottleneck and advances materials science to frontiers intractable with any current solutions.

关键词： electronic interior frontier

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Bioinspired 4D Trajectory Generation for a UAS Rapid Point-to-Point Movement

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第1期11卷 72-81页

作者： Zhen Zhang Shutao Zhang Pu Xie Ou Ma School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA

A bioinspired trajectory generation approach for Unmanned Aerial System （UAS） rapid Point-to-Point （PTP） movement was presented. The approach was based on general tau theory developed by biologists from observing and studying the behavior of birds and some other animals. We applied the bioinspired approach to the rapid PTP movement problem of a rotary UAS and derived two different trajectory planning strategies, namely, the tau coupling strategy and the intrinsic tau gravity guidance strategy. Based on general tau theory, according to the dynamic model of UAS, we presented a new strategy named intrinsic tau jerk guidance which can fit the movement that the initial acceleration of the UAS is zero. With new strategies, flight trajectory generation examples with a UAS were presented. The kinematics and dynamics analyses of the UAS for rapid PTP movement were presented with simulation results which show that the generated trajectories were feasible.

关键词： bioinspired trajectory generation tau theory jerk guidance rapid point-to-point movement

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Ankle Arthroscopy,Lateral Ligament Repair and Peroneal Tendon Reefing for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability:The Triad vs Arthroscopy with Ligament Repair

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Surgical Science 2015年第9期6卷 403-411页

作者： John J.Anderson Loren K.Spencer Zflan Fowler Alamogordo Orthopedics AlamogordoNMUSA

Peroneal tendon and retinacular pathology contributes to chronic lateral ankle instability. The “gold standard” surgical treatment for chronic lateral ankle instability has been the Brostrom-Gould procedure with its modifications. An ankle arthroscopy is an adjuvant procedure to address any intra-articular pathology. We review our results of two study groups. The first group underwent an ankle arthroscopy and a Brostrom-Gould procedure. The second group (triad) underwent an ankle arthroscopy, the Brostrom-Gould procedure and excision of low lying peroneal muscle belly with tightening of the inferior peroneal retinaculum. The triad technique was performed on 97 patients and results compared to 71 ankle arthroscopies with the Brostrom-Gould procedure. The patients were contacted at a mean follow-up time of 30 months for postoperative ACFAS scores, VAS scores, and overall satisfaction. Patients were also asked to report incidence of ankle sprain recurrence. The average postoperative ACFAS hindfoot and ankle score was 92 for the triad group and 89 for the arthroscopic debridement and Brostrom-Gould group. The average overall satisfaction was 98% in the triad group and 91% in the scope and Brostrom group. There were 4 (4.3%) recurrences in the triad group and 12 (17.6%) in the Brostrom-Gould with scope group. Each group had a similar incidence of wound healing complications. Peroneal tendon and retinacular pathology contributes to continued ankle instability and pain. We believe that the triad procedure is superior to the Brostrom-Gould procedure.

关键词： Brostrom-Gould Lateral Ankle Instability Triad Procedure

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Effect of indaziflam on microbial activity and nitrogen cycling processes in an orchard soil

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 803-811页

作者： Amir M.GONZÁLEZ-DELGADO Pierre-AndréJACINTHE Manoj K.SHUKLA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityLas Cruces NM 88003(USA) Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue UniversityIndianapolis IN 46202(USA)

Indaziflam is a preemergent herbicide widely used for the control of weeds in pecan(Carya illinoinensis)orchards in the southwestern region of the United *** the paucity of data regarding the effect of indaziflam on the biochemical properties of soils supporting pecan production,this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different application rates of indaziflam on soil microbial activity,diversity,and biochemical processes related to nitrogen(N)*** two consecutive growing seasons(2015 and 2016),soil samples were obtained from experimental mesocosms consisting of soil-filled pots where pecan saplings were grown and treated with indaziflam applied at two different rates(25 and 50 g active ingredient(ai)ha^(-1),with the higher rate being slightly lower than the recommended field application rate of 73.1 g ai ha^(-1)).Soil samples were collected approximately one week before and one week after herbicide application for determination of soil microbial biomass and diversity,N mineralization,andβ-glucosaminidase *** samples collected from the control mesocosms without herbicide application were treated in the laboratory with two rates of indaziflam(75 and 150 g ai ha^(-1))to determine the immediate effect on microbial *** significant effect of herbicide treatment on soil respiration and microbial biomass was *** results showed a slight to moderate decrease in microbial diversity(7%in 2015 and 44%in 2016).However,decreasedβ-glucosaminidase activity with herbicide treatment was observed in soils from the mesocosms(33%)and soils treated with indaziflam in the laboratory(45%).The mineral N pool was generally dominated by ammonium after indaziflam application,which was consistent with the drastic decrease(75%)in nitrification activity measured in the laboratory *** results of this study indicate that indaziflam,even when applied at higher than recommended rates,has limited effects on soil microbial activity,but

关键词： Carya illinoinensis β-glucosaminidase activity mesocosm experiment microbial biomass microbial diversity mineral nitrogen speciation nitrification

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A Generalized Discrete Morse-Floer Theory

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2019年第3期7卷 225-252页

作者： Jürgen Jost Sylvia Yaptieu Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstrasse 2204103 LeipzigGermany Santa Fe Institute for the Sciences of Complexity Santa FeNM 87501USA

Forman has developed a version of discrete Morse theory that can be understood in terms of arrow patterns on a(simplicial,polyhedral or cellular)complex without closed orbits,where each cell may either have no arrows,receive a single arrow from one of its facets,or conversely,send a single arrow into a cell of which it is a *** following arrows,one can then construct a natural Floer-type boundary ***,we develop such a construction for arrow patterns where each cell may support several outgoing or incoming arrows(but not both),again in the absence of closed *** main technical achievement is the construction of a boundary operator that squares to 0 and therefore recovers the homology of the underlying complex.

关键词： CW complex Boundary operator Floer theory Poincarépolynomial Betti number Discrete Morsetheory Discrete Morse-Floertheory Conleytheory

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Myeloid adrenerglc signaling via CaMKII forms a feedforward loop of catecholarnine biosynthesis

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第5期9卷 422-434页

作者： Yan Luo Bilian Liu Xin Yang Xiaoxiao Ma Xing Zhang Denis E. Bragin Xuexian O. Yang Wendong Huang Meilian Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology National Clinical ResearchCenter for Metabolic Diseases The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism Research City of Hope Duarte CA 91010 USA Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87131 USA Department of Neurosurgery University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

Type 2 immune response has been shown to facilitate cold-induced thermogenesis and browning of white fat. However, whether alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamine and substantially promote adaptive thermogenesis in adipose tissue remains controversial. Here, we show that tyrosine hydroxylase CryrH）, a rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis, was expressed and phosphorylated in adipose-resident macrophages. In addition, the plasma level of adrenaline was increased by cold stress in mice, and treatment of macrophages with adrenaline stimulated phosphorylation of CaZ＋/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II （CaMKII） and TyrH. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII or PKA signaling diminished adrenaline- induced phosphorylation of TyrH in primary macrophages. Consistently, overexpression of constitutively active CaMKII upregulated basal TyrH phosphorylation, while suppressing the stimulatory effect of adrenaline on TyrH in macrophages. Myeioid-specific dis- ruption of CaMKIIy suppressed both the cold-induced production of norepinephrine and adipose UCP1 expression in vivo and the stimulatory effect of adrenaline on macrophage-dependent activation of brown adipocytes in vitro. Lack of CaMKII signaling attenu- ated catecholamine production mediated by cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, key inducers of type 2 immune response in primary macro- phages. Taken together, these results suggest a feedforward mechanism of adrenaline in adipose-resident macrophages, and that myeloid CaMKII signaling plays an important role in catecholamine production and subsequent beige fat activation.

关键词： CaMKII adrenaline tyrosine hydroxylase catecholamine UCP1

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Distortion-stabilized ordered structures in A_(2)BB’O_(7) mixed pyrochlores

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 1076-1084页

作者： Ghanshyam Pilania Brian Puchala Blas P.Uberuaga Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Materials Science and Engineering Department University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Pyrochlore oxides(A2B2O7)are interesting for a number of technological applications,including radiation damage tolerance and as ionic *** pyrochlores—containing two A and/or two B site cations—provide even more flexibility for tailoring properties owing to the diverse chemical and configurational degrees of freedom accessible within this chemical ***,we examine relative stability of different cation orderings in one model double pyrochlore Gd2(Zr_(x)Ti_(1−x))_(2)O_(7),as a function of Zr content *** results show that,in the presence of some very specific local cation arrangements,certain cation-ordered compositions in this system are highly stabilized as a result of large oxygen relaxation displacements,leading to the formation of an ordered‘double’pyrochlore *** origins of these anomalous oxygen relaxations are traced back to both the local cation symmetry and a strong chemical preference of Zr atoms towards adopting a 7-fold coordination environment,as opposed to a 6-fold coordination available in a regular pyrochlore ***,we examine the stability of this type of ordering in 131 other pyrochlore *** of our findings are discussed in relation to the observed composition-dependent ionic conductivity in these systems and connections with previously reported experimental findings are made.

关键词： structure ordered stabilized

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