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Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls： Achieving the right balance

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 472-479页

作者： Adrian W. K. Law Chunyan Tang environmental Process modelling centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637141 Singapore School of Civil and environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environ- mental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing coun- tries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

关键词： industrial effluent treatment industrial marineoutfalls economic and environmental considerations

Combining European Earth Observation products with Dynamic Global Vegetation Models for estimating Essential Biodiversity Variables

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第2期13卷 262-277页

作者： Mateus Dantas de Paula Marta Gómez Giménez Aidin Niamir Martin Thurner Thomas Hickler Biodiversity and Climate Research centre(BiK-F) Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurt am MainGermany Department of Ecological modelling UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research LeipzigGermany

Global,fast and accessible monitoring of biodiversity is one of the main pillars of the efforts undertaken in order to revert it *** Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network(GEO-BON)provided an expert-based definition of the biological properties that should be monitored,the Essential Biodiversity Variables(EBVs).Initiatives to provide indicators for EBVs rely on global,freely available remote sensing(RS)products in combination with empirical models and field data,and are invaluable for decision *** this study,we provide alternatives for the expansion and improvement of the EBV indicators,by suggesting current and future data from the European Space Agencýs COPERNICUS and explore the potential of RS-integrated Dynamic Global Vegetation Models(DGVMs)for the estimation of *** review found that mainly due to the inclusion of the Sentinel constellation,Copernicus products have similar or superior potential for EBV indicator estimation in relation to their NASA *** simulate the ecosystem level EBVs(ecosystem function and structure),and when integrated with remote sensing data have great potential to not only offer improved estimation of current states but to provide projection of ecosystem *** suggest that focus on producing EBV relevant outputs should be a priority within the research community,to support biodiversity preservation efforts.

关键词： Dynamic Global Vegetation modelling remote sensing ecosystem dynamics Copernicus Programme Essential Biodiversity Variables

Spatial distributions of tropical tree species in northern Vietnam under environmentally variable site conditions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 257-268页

作者： Nguyen Hong Hai Kerstin Wiegand Stephan Getzin Department of Ecosystem modelling Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of Goettingen Faculty of Agricultural Techniques Hatay Community College UFZ Helmholtz centre for environmental Research–UFZ Department of Ecological Modeling

Ecological interactions of species and thus their spatial pat- terns may differ between homogeneous and heterogeneous forests. To account for this, techniques of point pattern analysis were implemented on mapped locations of tree individuals from two 1-ha tropicalforest plots in Vietnam. We analyzed the effect of environmental heterogeneity on tree distributions; spatial distribution patterns of dominant species; inter-specific associations; and conspecific associations between life stages. Our analyses showed that： environmental conditions were homo- geneous at plot 1 but heterogeneous at plot 2; in both plots, all six domi- nant species were aggregated at various scales up to 30 m, and tree spe- cies were aggregated at larger scales in the homogeneous site than in the heterogeneous site; attraction between pairs of species was remarkably higher at the homogeneous site while negative associations were more frequent in the heterogeneous site; some species, H. kurzii, T. ilicifolia （homogeneous plot） and D. sylvatica, S. wightianum （heterogeneous plot） showed a lack of early life-stage individuals near conspecific adults. Moreover, additional clustering of young individuals was independent from conspecific adults, except D. sylvatica in both sites. These findings are consistent with the Janzen-ConneU hypothesis. Overall, habitat het- erogeneity influences spatial patterns and inter-specific associations of the tree species and evidences of self-thinning are shown in most species.

关键词： environmental heterogeneity spatial point pattern analysis tropical evergreen forest northern Vietnam.

Two-dimensional metallic tantalum ditelluride with an intrinsic basal-plane activity for oxygen reduction:A microkinetic modeling study

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第3期7卷 525-532页

作者： Yu Wang Kun Zhou environmental Process modelling centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research InstituteNanyang Technological University1 CleanTech Loop637141Singapore School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore

Two-dimensional(2D) materials have exhibited great potential for replacing costly Pt for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) because of their distinctive structural features and high pre-site ***,their performance is generally hindered by the limited density of active sites(e.g.,at the layer edges).Although they feature a high exposure of surface sites,these sites are typically inert for ***,through density functional theory calculations,we propose a promising ORR catalyst candidate,a 2D TaTe_(2) nanosheet,which has an intrinsic high basal-plane *** of the thermodynamic and kinetic processes are explored,which demonstrates that the basal-plane Te sites of the TaTe_(2) nanosheet have great potential for facilitating ***,we construct a microkinetic model of ORR proceeding on TaTe_(2),which unveils its dynamic intermediate coverage under different electrode potentials and identifies the dominating associative *** theoretical half-wave potential of TaTe_(2) is predicted to be 0.87 V,which exceeds those of the well-established Pt(111) and Fe–N–C single-atom catalysts computed at the same *** study not only presents the first 2D,non-Pt ORR catalyst candidate with an intrinsic basal-plane activity but also offers a rational methodology for unveiling the mechanism/activity of ORR and other electrochemical reactions.

关键词： plane intrinsic kinetic

Flow Reversal of Fully-Developed Mixed MHD Convection in Vertical Channels

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第2期27卷 138-140页

作者： H. Saleh, I. Hashim centre for modelling and Data Analysis School of Mathematical Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia

The present analysis is concerned with flow reversal phenomena of the fully-developed laminar combined free and forced MHD convection in a vertical parallel-plate channel. The effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. Flow reversal adjacent to the cold （or hot） wall is found to exist within the channel as Gr/Re is above （or below） a threshold value. Parameter zones for the occurrence of reversed flow are presented.

关键词： Chinese climate network complex systems small world community

Thermo-Magneto-Electric Currents with Dynamical Magnetization Inhomogeneities

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第9期56卷 504-512页

作者： Santosh Kumar Kudtarkar centre for Mathematical modelling FLAME150/7Jaideep BungalowBaner-Balewadi RoadBanerPune 411 045India

We study the effect of potential and thermal gradient induced non-equilibrium magnetization in quasi1-d itinerant magnets.A semi-phenomenological theory is employed in conjunction with the drift-diffusion model forthis *** the methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics,we derive the transport currents correspondingto charge,heat,and magnetization flows in the presence of non-equilibrium magnetization *** is shown howtime-dependent magnetic textures give rise to charge and thermal currents even in the absence of external potential andthermal gradients through spin *** presence of dynamical textures also affect the thermodynamic parametersof the *** an application,we consider the case of a helimagnet.

关键词： current and temperature driven spin pumping thermoelectric thermomagnetic

Eurasian Winter Cooling: Intercomparison of Reanalyses and CMIP5 Data Sets

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第5期6卷 324-331页

作者： Stephen OUTTEN Richard DAVY Igor ESAU Nansen environmental and Remote Sensing centre

A cooling trend in wintertime surface air temperature over continental Eurasia has been identified in reanalysis and the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5)‘historical’simulations over the period 1989–*** the authors have shown that this cooling trend is related to changes in Arctic sea-ice around the Barents-Kara *** study illustrates a consistent spatial and temporal structure of the wintertime temperature variability centered over Asia using state-of-the-art reanalyses and global climate model *** findings indicate that there is a physical basis for seasonal predictions of near-surface temperatures over continental Asia based on changes to the ice-cover in the Barents-Kara seas.

关键词： climate change climate simulation atmospheric tele-connections

Experiments and modelling of phenanthrene biodegradation in the aqueous phase by a mixed culture

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 147-153页

作者： LIU Xiang MAO Xiao-min YANG Jian-gang D.A. Barry LI Ling Department of environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Contaminated Land Assessment and Remediation Research centre Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of Engineering and Electronics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL United Kingdom Chinese Academy of Transportation Sciences Ministry of Communications Beijing 100029 China environmental Engineering Division School of Engineering the University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia centre for Eco-environmental modelling Hohai University Nanjing 210098. China

Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） is widespread due to tmsuitable disposal of industrial waste. They are mostly defined as priority pollutants by environmental protection authorities worldwide. Phenanthrene, a typical PAH, was selected as the target in this paper. The PAH-degrading mixed culture, named ZM, was collected from a petroleum contaminated river bed. This culture was injected into phenanthrene solutions at different concentrations to quantify the biodegradation process. Results show near-complete removal of phenanthrene in three days of biodegradation if the initial phenanthrene concentration is low. When the initial concentration is high, the removal rate is increased but 20%-40% of the phenanthrene remains at the end of the experiment. The biomass shows a peak on the third day due to the combined effects of microbial growth and decay. Another peak is evident for cases with a high initial concentration, possibly due to production of an intermediate metabolite. The pH generally decreased during biodegradation because of the production of organic acid. Two phenomenological models were designed to simulate the phenanthrene biodegradation and biomass growth. A relatively simple model that does not consider the intermediate metabolite and its inhibition of phenanthrene biodegradation cannot fit the observed data. A modified Monod model that considered an intermediate metabolite （organic acid） and its inhibiting reversal effect reasonably depicts the experimental results.

关键词： biodegradation model phenanthrene microbial growth and decay Monod growth model

Taylor Dispersion of Contaminants by Dual-peak Spectral Random Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第5期33卷 537-543页

作者： HUANG Guo-xing Adrian Wing-Keung LAW GUO Xiao-meng State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China School of Civil and environmental Engineering and environmental Process modelling centre Nanyang Environment and Water Resources Institute (NEWRI) Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029 China

Recent extensive and important studies have provided detailed information and compelling evidence on how the presence of waves influences the vertical diffusivity/dispersivity in the coastal environment, which can affect various water quality considerations such as the distribution of suspended sediments in the water column as well as the potential of eutrophication. Comparatively, how the presence of waves influences the horizontal diffusivity/dispersivity has received only scant attention in the literature. Our previous works investigated the role played by the Taylor mechanism due to the wave-induced drift profile which leads to the longitudinal dispersion of contaminants in the horizontal direction, under regular sinusoidal waves and random waves with single-peak spectra. Natural waves in the coastal environment, however, often possess dual-peak spectra, comprising both higher frequency wind waves and lower frequency swells. In this study, the Taylor dispersion of contaminants under random waves with dual-peak spectra is examined through analytical derivation and numerical calculations. The effects of various dual-peak spectral parameters on the horizontal dispersion, including the proportion of lower frequency energy, peak frequency ratio and spectral shape parameter, are investigated. The results show that the relative energy distribution between the dual peaks has the most significant effect. Compared with single-peak spectra with equivalent energy, the Taylor dispersion with dual-peak spectra is stronger when the lower frequency is close to the peak frequency of the single-peak spectrum, and weaker with the higher frequency instead. Thus, it can be concluded that with a dual-peak wave spectrum, wind-dominated seas with higher frequency lead to stronger dispersion in the horizontal direction than swell-dominated seas with lower frequency.

关键词： Taylor dispersion dual-peak spectrum random waves