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A security scheme for intelligent substation communications considering real-time performance

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第4期7卷 948-961页

作者： Jie ZHANG Jun’e LI Xiong CHEN Ming NI Ting WANG Jianbo LUO Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted computing Ministry of EducationSchool of Cyber Science and EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China nari group corporation(state grid Electric Power Research Institute) Nanjing 211106China nari technology co.ltd. Nanjing 211106China state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control Nanjing 211106China

Tampering,forgery and theft of the measurement and control messages in a smart grid could cause one breakdown in the power ***,no security measures are employed for communications in intelligent *** services in an intelligent substation have high demands for real-time performance,which must be considered when deploying security *** paper studies the security requirements of communication services in intelligent substations,analyzes the security capabilities and shortages of IEC 62351,and proposes a novel security scheme for intelligent substation *** security scheme covers internal and telecontrol communications,in which the real-time performance of each security measure is *** this scheme,certificateless public key cryptography(CLPKC)is used to avoid the latency of certificate exchange in certificate-based cryptosystem and the problem of key escrow in identity-based cryptosystem;the security measures of generic object-oriented substation event,sampled measure value and manufacturing message specification in IEC 62351 are improved to meet the real-time requirements of the messages as well as to provide new security features to resist repudiation and replay attacks;and the security at transport layer is modified to fit CLPKC,which implements mutual authentication by exchanging ***,a deployment of CLPKC in an intelligent substation is *** also evaluate the security properties of the scheme and analyze the end-to-end delays of secured services by combining theoretical calculation and simulation in this *** results indicate that the proposed scheme meets the requirements of security and real-time performance of communications in intelligent substations.

关键词： Intelligent substation Security measures Certificateless public key cryptography(CLPKC) Real-time communication IEC 62351

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Cyber-attack-tolerant Frequency control of Power Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第2期9卷 307-315页

作者： Chunyu Chen Kaifeng Zhang Ming Ni Ying Wang the School of Electrical and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China the School of Automation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China nari group corporation(state grid Electric Power Research Institute) Nanjing 211106China nari technology co. Ltd.Nanjing 211106China state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control Nanjing 211106China

Cyber attacks are emerging threats in the Internet of Things applications,and power systems are typical cyber attack *** one of the most essential operation functions,frequency control is threatened by cyber intrusions,and the existing centralized control mode cannot effectively address cyber *** this study,a new distributed cyber-attack-tolerant frequency control scheme is *** distributed control mode also serves as a convenient tool for attack *** designed cyber-attack-tolerant frequency controller adopts the idea of passive fault attenuation,thus simplifying the design *** the aid of graph theory and consensus techniques,distributed integral based and model predictive control(MPC)based controllers are *** with the integral type,the MPC-based controller can simultaneously improve the dynamic responses and the tolerance ability under *** proposed controller is validated via an IEEE benchmark system,and the effectiveness of its application in actual power systems is verified.

关键词： Frequency control cyber attack distributed control passive fault attenuation cyber-attack-tolerant frequency control

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Fast Distance Protection Scheme for Wind Farm Transmission Lines considering R-L and Bergeron Models

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 840-852页

作者： Zepeng Hu Bin Li Yuping Zheng Tonghua Wu Jiawei He Bin Yao Yaru Sheng Wei Dai Xindong Li Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control NARI Group CorporationNanjingChina

The distributed capacitance of the line becomes larger as the scale of wind farms,the transmission voltage level,and the transmission distance ***,the error of the traditional time-domain distance protection scheme based on the R-L model,which ignores the distributed capacitance of the line,becomes ***,the error of the time-domain fault location method based on the R-L model,especially the maximum error range,is theoretically analyzed in this *** this basis,a novel fault location method based on the RL and Bergeron models is ***,a fast time-domain distance protection scheme is *** the proposed scheme,the error in the fitting calculation is used to construct a weight matrix,and an algorithm for solving the time-domain differential equations is designed to improve the calculation speed and *** with the traditional frequency-domain distance protection scheme,the proposed scheme is independent of the power supply characteristics;thus,it is suitable for wind farm transmission *** addition,compared with the traditional method based on the R-L model,the proposed scheme effectively avoids the negative influence of the distributed capacitance of the line,which significantly improves the operating *** types of faults are simulated by PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Transmission line R-L model time-domain distance protection wind farm

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An improved strategy for out-of-step oscillation separation devices based on apparent impedance angle applied to a series compensated line

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Protection and control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 316-323页

作者： Haibo Xu Yupeng Cai Xiaolei Qu Zhiwei Dong nari group corporation/state grid Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing 210003China Electric Power Research Institute of state grid Liaoning Electric Power co. LtdShenyang 110006China

Out-of-step oscillation separation devices based on apparent impedance angle trajectory are widely used in the power grid in China,and their reliability is of great *** this paper,the influence mechanism of series compensation on apparent impedance angle trajectory is *** reveals that series compensation capacitors reduce the equivalent impedance angle and consequently the apparent impedance angle cannot pass through all four zones,resulting in the risk of failure for the separation devices.A revised method of apparent impedance angle based on compensation principle is discussed,and then an improved out-of-step oscillation detection criterion is *** view of the fact that the apparent impedance angle at the moment of maximum current is equal to the equivalent impedance angle during an oscillation process,a practical algorithm based on the compensated apparent impedance angle is *** tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the new criterion,considering transmission lines with a high series compensation level.

关键词： Out-of-step oscillation separation Series compensated line Apparent impedance angle compensated impedance angle

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Research and Application on Integrated Maintenance of Smart Substation and Remote control Center Based on SOA 36

Research and Application on Integrated Maintenance of Smart ...

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第36届中国控制会议

作者： Rui Su Bo Wan Zhaoyun Deng Zheng Mei Weimin Mi Qiaoyun Xie Wenbin Lin nari group corporation(state grid Electric Power Research Institute)(Beijing) state grid Fujian Electric Power co. Ltd

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

The RCC-SS（Remote control Center-Smart Substation） integrated maintenance technology based on SOA（Service Oriented Architecture） is proposed to solve the following problems:the complexity of debugging and maintenance when connecting the smart substation to the remote control center,the singularity of information exchange,and the difficulty to support advanced interactive *** the construction of a wide-area distribution service system between the RCC（Remote control Center） and the SS（Smart Substation）,this proposal provides services in modelling,communication interface,real-time and historic data,and information verification as *** RCC-SS system also unifies the modeling and the configuration,develops integrated maintenance tools,converts the substation SCD（Substation configuration Description） file to CIM/E（common Information Model/Efficient model exchange format） file and CIM/G（common Information Model/Graphic exchange format） file used in remote control center,associates ID（Identification） between model and graphic files,imports all the information and stores in database,and lastly executes the automatic checking of the tele-measuring,tele-signaling and protection *** a result,the smart substation’s programmatic and automatic connection to the RCC is achieved,and the information exchange and business collaboration capabilities between the RCC and the SS is enhanced.

关键词： SOA integrated maintenance SCD CIM/E CIM/G

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High-impedance Fault Section Location for Distribution Networks Based on t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and Variable Mode Decomposition

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1495-1505页

作者： Zhihua Yin Yuping Zheng Zhinong Wei Guoqiang Sun Sheng Chen Haixiang Zang the college of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control NARI Group CorporationNanjing 211106China

When high-impedance faults(HIFs)occur in resonant grounded distribution networks,the current that flows is extremely weak,and the noise interference caused by the distribution network operation and the sampling error of the measurement devices further masks the fault ***,locating a fault section with high sensitivity is *** existing technologies,this study presents a novel fault feature identification framework that addresses this *** framework includes three key steps:(1)utilizing the variable mode decomposition(VMD)method to denoise the fault transient zero-sequence current(TZSC);(2)employing a manifold learning algorithm based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)to further reduce the redundant information of the TZSC after denoising and to visualize fault information in high-dimensional 2D space;and(3)classifying the signal of each measurement point based on the fuzzy clustering method and combining the network topology structure to determine the fault section *** simulations and field testing confirm that the proposed method accurately detects the fault location,even under the influence of strong noise interference.

关键词： High-impedance fault noise interference fault section location t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE) transient zero-sequence current

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Transmission Line Distance Protection Under Current Transformer Saturation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第1期9卷 68-76页

作者： Yuping Zheng Tonghua Wu Feng Hong Gang Yao Jimin Chai Zhinong Wei the college of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control NARI Group CorporationNanjing 211106China Changzhou Institute of technology Changzhou 213032China

conventional transmission line distance protection approaches are subject to malfunction under reverse fault-induced current transformer(CT) saturation for the typically employed breaker-and-a-half configuration. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a new distance protection approach that combines the blocking and unblocking criteria of distance protection based on the values of incomplete differential current,operation voltage, and current harmonic content. The proposed approach is verified by theoretical analysis, dynamic simulation testing, and field operation to ensure that the obtained distance protection is reliable and refrains from operating unnecessarily under reverse fault-induced CT saturation in the breaker-and-ahalf configuration. Meanwhile, the proposed approach is demonstrated can operate reliably when forward faults occur or various reverse faults are converted to forward faults.

关键词： Breaker-and-a-half configuration current transformer(CT)saturation distance protection power frequency variation operation voltage

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A sensorless efficiency test system for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第2期7卷 390-399页

作者： Li JI Yixiang SHAO Sujie GAO college of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China nari group corporation(state grid Electric Power Research Institute) Nanjing 211102China state grid Xin Yuan company Limited Beijing 100000China

We present a sensorless efficiency test system with energy recovery for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). In the system, two identical high-speed PMSMs are used as the motor under test(MUT)and the load machine(LM),respectively.A new sensorless vector control(VC) method based on a hypothetical reference frame is presented to control both the MUT and the ***,a regenerating unit is used to implement energy circulation to save *** were carried out on a prototype, with a digital controller based on the TMS320 F28335, to verify the adequacy of the sensorless VC *** a result,the efficiency test system achieves the load test at the speed of 21000 r/min without any reduction equipment. During the test, the energy regenerated by the LM could be fed back to the MUT by the regenerating unit, and 81.31% electrical power was *** addition, with the proposed sensorless VC method,both the MUT and the LM can work at i_d = 0 without a position sensor.

关键词： Distributed generation High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) Sensorless control Energy saving

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PMU-WAMS research and application in Brazil

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Global Energy Interconnection 2019年第1期2卷 85-93页

作者： Xugen Fan Fei Xiong Leihai Jiang state grid International Development Limited Global Energy Interconnection Development and cooperation Organization nari group corporation

Wide area measurement system(WAMS), which is based on synchronization data from phasor measurement units(PMU) and EMS SCADA, is implemented to establish a system model that can handle certain functions such as realtime power system monitoring, oscillation mode analysis, accident analysis and decision-making assistance for emergency control. The Brazilian Interconnected Power System(BIPS) is a large system covering an extensive geographical region, which faces certain risks and challenges. It has several main transmission corridors associated with large power plants and interconnection between the northern and southeastern regions. Mismatch between the energy base and load pool also exists in Brazil as energy resources are not well-distributed; therefore, the use of large-capacity, long-distance transmission technique to transmit remote power is unescapable. On the other hand, there are many types of voltage levels and multiple entangled electromagnetic loops owing to historical reasons. Then, for insufficient power reservation and defective grid body in load pools, once the external power is cut, it's easy to raise a blackout. The infrastructure is old and the power system operates close to the upper limit. All these represent risks and challenges to BIPS. Through WAMS technology research method in this project, the electrical power system function of monitoring, analysis, and control improved from the static state to the dynamic state. WAMS enhances data integration and real-time analysis capabilities, and can provide dispatchers with high quality real-time dynamic information and decision-making support information, enhance monitoring of auxiliary services in the electricity market, enable operators to improve the accuracy of power network analysis, thereby increasing power grid monitoring and operation, and improve the transmission capacity and reliability of the power grid operation [1].

关键词： PMU WAMS Brazil BIPs

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continuous commutation Failure Suppression Method Based on Self-adaptive Auto-disturbance Rejection Proportional-integral controller for HVDC Transmission System

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第6期8卷 1178-1187页

作者： Tonghua Wu Yuping Zheng Qipu Liu Guoqiang Sun Xiaohong Wang Xindong Li the college of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China nari group corporation Nanjing 211106China state Key Laboratory of Smart grid Protection and control Nanjing 211106China

Once an asymmetrical fault occurs on the AC side of the receiving-end of a high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission system,the current reference will be affected by the control regulation on the DC inverter side and the commutation voltage *** this case,the advance firing angle will fluctuate periodically,causing security threats to the *** the fault cannot be cleared in time,the effect may be even more ***,the traditional proportional-integral(PI)controller cannot effectively suppress the periodic components in the input error signal,which is an important cause of continuous commutation ***,the system requires more time to recover from the *** by this,a selfadaptive auto-disturbance rejection PI controller is proposed in this *** controller has the advantages of fast response speed and strong anti-interference ability of the auto-disturbance rejection *** one hand,it can automatically adjust PI,and the parameters can maintain the system’s adaptive *** the other hand,the discretization process satisfies the computer simulation *** applying the proposed controller to a system under constant current control and extinction angle control,the dynamic response speed can be improved and the robust performance of the system can be ensured when dealing with a wide range of ***,simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress the continuous commutation failure of DC transmission systems.

关键词： High-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission continuous commutation failure periodic fluctuation self-adaptive auto-disturbance rejection proportional-integral(PI)controller computer simulation

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