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Only Attract Ants?The Versatility of Petiolar Extrafloral nectaries in Passiflora

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 460-469页

作者： Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson nathalia L.Andreazza Alexandra C.H.F.Sawaya Marilia de Moraes Castro Pós-Graduacao em Biologia vegetal Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia Vegetal Instituto de BotanicaSao PauloBrazil departamento de Biologia vegetal Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil

Passiflora species presents a coevolutive relationship with Heliconiini butterflies, their primary herbivores. The Heliconiini caterpillars are able to detoxify toxic compounds produced by Passiflora, thus morphological defense strategies stand out over chemical innovations. In this framework, we highlight the presence of mimetic structures and extrafloral nectaries (EFn) as morphological strategies. Heliconian butterflies oviposit only on leaves that do not possess previous eggs, so the presence of egg mimics could prevent the oviposition. EFn are glands that offer nectar to territorial and aggressive ants, establishing mutualistic relationships. Here, we present a structural and chemical analysis of petiolar EFn and nectar from Passiflora alata and P. edulis in order to have insights about the implications of these features in deterring heliconian caterpillars. P. alata have one to four stipitate-crateriform EFn while P. edulis possess a pair of convex glands. Butterflies lay their eggs isolatedly or in up to three on leaves of both species. Our morphological results suggest that EFn from P. alata may act as egg mimics. Ontogenetic data suggest that the variation in the number of glands observed in this species is a serial homology, wherein the selection pressure for this variation is possibly the oviposition pattern. P. alata retain alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids inside nectariferous cells;sugars and flavonoids are found in the nectar of both species, while alkaloids are also detected in P. edulis. There is a selective retention/release of secondary metabolites from the EFn tissues to nectar. Knowing that these compounds can be dissuasive to some herbivores and inoffensive to others, we plotted this relationship in a consumer growth versus secondary metabolite concentration diagram. Our results suggest a more active role in the modulation of the gland defense from plants besides the establishment of a mutualistic relationship with ants, an important response in a coevolutive scenario.

关键词： Passiflora alata Curtis Passiflora edulis Sims Egg Mimics Anatomy Secondary Metabolites

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Abiotic drivers shape seed inputs and outputs in a tropical wetland on Croton trinitatis population

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 65-77页

作者： Francielli Bao Arnildo Pott Pedro Manuel Villa Centro de Avaliação da Biodiversidade Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado(CBC)Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade(ICMBio)BrasíliaDF 70670-350Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia vegetal Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMS 79070-900Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Botânica Departamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG 36570-900Brazil Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Mérida 7101Venezuela

Background:Predicting how natural and anthropogenic drivers shape different ecological indicators,such as plant populations along environmental gradients,can be a relevant tool for establishing management and conservation criteria of tropical wetlands.We aimed to assess the effects of seasonal flood disturbance,type of grasslands and topographical conditions on Croton trinitatis population distribution in a tropical wetland.Methods:The study was carried out in a seasonally flooded grassland(Central-West Brazil).We conducted samplings of soil on the dry and flood hydrophases of the Pantanal.We took the samples in eight seasonal ponds,with 1 km interval between them.Transects were marked during the flood period,observing the water level,one in the lowest zone,in the middle of the pond=low(ca.60 cm deep),one at the pond edge=mid(ca.30 cm deep)and one in the higher zone,on the external part=high(ca.1 cm deep).Results:The results showed that the topography,seasonality,and types of grassland determine differences in the abundance patterns of adult plants and seedlings,and seed bank and seed predation.The abiotic factors can shape plant population-related ecological processes and patterns,with outputs(germination and predation)and inputs(local dispersion and from neighbouring areas)of proportional seeds for the population maintenance in this environment.Conclusion:We emphasize the importance of these findings,to show that abiotic factors are not the only ones to be considered in ecological studies of distribution and structuring of populations in habitats with extreme seasonal events.

关键词： Environmental filter Flood disturbance Pantanal Population ecology Seasonal change Seed predation Seedling Soil seed bank

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种子库和植被物种之间的差异有助于保持新热带稀树草原的功能多样性

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 605-615页

作者： Evaldo Bde Souza Francielli Bao Geraldo A.Damasceno Junior Arnildo Pott Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia e Conservacao Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biologia vegetal Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Estadual PaulistaRio ClaroSPBrazil Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biologia vegetal Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeBrazil

本研究的目的是量化种子库和建立的植被对物种组成、功能组成和多样性的贡献,并讨论这些差异对冲积平原植物群落更新和稳定性的影响。我们在巴西潘塔纳尔湿地的一个周期性洪水泛滥的稀树大草原上,在旱季和雨季对分布在5个地点的25个地块... 详细信息

本研究的目的是量化种子库和建立的植被对物种组成、功能组成和多样性的贡献,并讨论这些差异对冲积平原植物群落更新和稳定性的影响。我们在巴西潘塔纳尔湿地的一个周期性洪水泛滥的稀树大草原上,在旱季和雨季对分布在5个地点的25个地块(10 m×1 m)的1.5 m高度的地面覆盖植被和种子库进行了采样。采用出苗法对土壤种子库进行了评价。研究结果表明,种子库物种具有赋予群落更新的特征,而植被则具有稳定性特征。种子库的功能丰富度高于植被,而功能均匀度则低于植被。由于种子库和植被的植物特征不同,使得具有不同功能稳定性和更新特性的物种得以共存,这将有助于维持植物的功能多样性。这可能会让植物种群在应对干旱、火灾和洪水等不同的环境选择时更具有弹性。

关键词：环境选择功能多样性水溶扩散潘塔纳尔湿地稳定性更新

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neuroinflammation and oxidative stress act in concert to promote neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina and optic nerve:galectin-3 participation

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neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 625-635页

作者： Henrique Rocha Mendonca Raul Carpi-Santos Karin da Costa Calaza Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Laboratorio de neurodegeneracao e Reparo Departamento de PatologiaPrograma de Pos-graduacao em Anatomia PatologicaFaculdade de MedicinaHospital Universitrio Clementino Fraga FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Polo Universitario Macae Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e BiocienciasFederal University of Rio de JaneiroMacaeBrazil Laboratorio Integrado de Morfologia Instituto de Biodiversidade e SustentabilidadeNucleo de Pesquisas Ecologicas de MacaeFederal University of Rio de JaneiroMacaeBrazil Laboratorio de neurobiologia Celular Instituto de Ciencias BiomedicasCentro de Ciencias da SaudeFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratorio de neurobiologia da Retina Departamento de NeurobiologiaPrograma de Pos-Graduacao em NeurocienciasFluminense Federal UniversityNiteroiBrazil

Diabetes is a lifelong disease characterized by glucose metabolic imbalance,in which low insulin levels or impaired insulin signaling lead to hyperglycemic state.Within 20 years of diabetes progression,95%of patients will have diabetic retinopathy,the leading cause of visual defects in working-age people worldwide.Although diabetes is considered a microvascular disease,recent studies have shown that neurodegeneration precedes vascular changes within the diabetic visual system,albeit its mechanisms are still under investigation.neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are intrinsically related phenomena,since macrophage/microglia and astrocytes are the main sources of reactive oxygen species during central nervous system chronic degenerative diseases,and both pathological processes are increased in the visual system during diabetes.The present review will focus on recent findings of the contribution of oxidative stress derived from neuroinflammation in the early neurodegenerative aspects of the diabetic visual system and their relationship with galectin-3.

关键词： diabetes diabetic retinopathy galectin-3 neurodegeneration neuroinflammation optic nerve oxidative stress retina

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High aluminum concentration and initial establishment of Handroanthus impetiginosus : clues about an Al non-resistant species in Brazilian Cerrado

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2075-2082页

作者： Ane Marcela das Chagas Mendon ca Jean Marcel Sousa Lira Ana Luiza de Oliveira Vilela Daniel Amorim Vieira nayara Cristina de Melo Joao Paulo Rodrigues Alves delfi no Barbosa Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Fisiologia vegetal Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG 37200-000Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Ciências Ambientais Instituto de Ciências ExatasUniversidade Federal de AlfenasAlfenasMG 37130-001Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Fitotecnia Departamento de AgriculturaUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG 37200-000Brazil Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará BelémPA 66093-020Brazil

Cerrado soils are acidic and nutrient-poor,with high content of solubilized Al 3+.Plants growing in these conditions may display adaptations to cope with high aluminum concentrations especially during early developmental stages.We investigated leaf nutritional status,and photosynthetic and growth characteristics during the initial establishment of Handroanthus impetiginosus(Mart.Ex Dc.)Mattos,a secondary tree species distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado.Our goal was to understand leaf-level traits related to diff erent aluminum concentrations.H.impetiginosus plants were cultivated in four diff erent aluminum sulfate concentrations:0,1,2,and 4 mM Al,for 40 days.We performed analyses of growth,leaf gas exchange,chloroplast pigment content,and leaf mineral nutrients.We observed a linear increase of Al leaf content as a function of Al concentration in the nutrient solution.Plants grown in 1 mM Al showed a remarkable increase of K leaf content,net photosynthesis,stomatal conductance,and transpiration,while in 4 mM Al there were reductions of n,P,and K contents,gas exchange characteristics,and height.H.impetiginosus did not have mechanisms of avoidance,compartmentalization,or resistance to high Al concentrations.Indeed,this species showed a hormetic response,with low Al concentrations stimulating and high Al concentrations inhibiting plant responses.

关键词： Hormesis Low Al concentration Al toxicity Cerrado species Carbon assimilation

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Molecular approaches for spinal cord injury treatment

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neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 23-30页

作者： Fernanda Martins de Almeida Suelen Adriani Marques Anne Caroline Rodrigues dos Santos Caio Andrade Prins Fellipe Soares dos Santos Cardoso Luiza dos Santos Heringer Henrique Rocha Mendonça Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Laboratório de neurodegeneração e Reparo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina:Anatomia PatológicaDepartamento de PatologiaFaculdade de MedicinaHospital Universitário Clementino Fraga FilhoCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Centro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Biologia Departamento de NeurobiologiaLaboratório de Regeneração Neural e FunçãoUFFRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFisCentro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-MacaéUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil

Injuries to the spinal cord result in permanent disabilities that limit daily life activities.The main reasons for these poor outcomes are the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons and the inhibitory milieu that is established upon traumatic injuries.despite decades of research,there is still no efficient treatment for spinal cord injury.Many strategies are tested in preclinical studies that focus on ameliorating the functional outcomes after spinal cord injury.Among these,molecular compounds are currently being used for neurological recovery,with promising results.These molecules target the axon collapsed growth cone,the inhibitory microenvironment,the survival of neurons and glial cells,and the re-establishment of lost connections.In this review we focused on molecules that are being used,either in preclinical or clinical studies,to treat spinal cord injuries,such as drugs,growth and neurotrophic factors,enzymes,and purines.The mechanisms of action of these molecules are discussed,considering traumatic spinal cord injury in rodents and humans.

关键词： axonal regeneration drugs enzymes growth factors molecular therapy neurotrophic factors purines spinal cord injury

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Soil attributes structure plant assemblages across an Atlantic forest mosaic

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 613-622页

作者： Maria Fabíola Barros Bruno X.Pinho Tarciso Leão Marcelo Tabarelli Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia vegetal Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoPE 50670-901Brazil department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Aims Community assembly persists as a key topic in ecology due to the complex variation in the relative importance of assembly forces and mechanisms across spatio-temporal scales and eco-systems.Here we address a forest-savanna vegetation mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic forest to examine the role played by soil attributes as determinants of community assembly and organiza-tion at a landscape spatial scale.Methods We examined soil and plant assemblage attributes across 23 plots of forest and savanna in a 1600 km2 landscape exposed to the same climatic conditions in the Atlantic forest region of northeast Brazil.Assemblage attributes included species richness,taxonomic and functional composition(community weighted mean,CWM)and functional diversity(quadratic diversity;Rao’s quadratic entropy index)relative to plant leaf area,specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,thickness and succulence.Important Findings Our results suggest that forest and savanna patches exposed to the same climatic conditions clearly differ in terms of soil attributes,plant assemblage structure,taxonomic and functional composition.By selecting particular plant strategies relative to resource economy,soil potentially affects community structure,with forest assemblages bear-ing more acquisitive resource-use strategies,while conservative plant strategies are more frequent in savannas.Accordingly,savanna-forest mosaics in the Atlantic forest region represent spatially organized plant assemblages in terms of taxonomic and functional features,with a sig-nal of trait convergence in both vegetation types.Soil-mediated filter-ing thus emerges as a potential deterministic assembly force affecting the spatial organization of savanna-forest boundaries and mosaics.

关键词： community assembly habitat filtering plant functional traits savanna vegetation tropical forest

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香椿的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为的相互关系:对树轮学研究的警示

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 165-171页

作者： Monique Silva Costa Thaís Jorge de Vasconcellos Claudio Sergio Lisi Arno Fritz neves Brandes Mario Tomazello-Filho Cátia Henriques Callado Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua Barão de Itapagipe96.Rio Comprido 20261-005Rio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de anatomia vegetal Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRua São Francisco Xavier524Maracanã20550-013Rio de JaneiroBrazil departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondon s/n-Rosa Elze.São Cristóvão 49100-000SergipeBrazil departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal FluminenseRua Prof.Marcos Waldemar de Freitas ReisS/N.Gragoatá24210-201Rio de JaneiroBrazil Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11.Piracicaba 13418-900São PauloBrazil

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的... 详细信息

资源分配到生殖过程涉及到生态和进化因素,可能会减少植物的营养生长。这种相互关系在自然界中不容易观察到,因为有许多参数可以限制生殖结构的产生或生物量的增加。我们将香椿(Cedrela odorata L.,楝科)在里约热内卢州大西洋森林中的树木年轮宽度与超年生殖行为相关联。总体而言,生殖结构的发育发生在湿润的年份,在生长季初期没有出现水分亏缺。然而,在这些年份,树木年轮宽度较小。这些结果可能与树木年轮宽度与当地气候之间缺乏相关性有关。因此,我们强调在径向生长研究中纳入生殖数据的重要性,以扩大对热带森林生长变异性的理解。

关键词：植物生长策略树木年轮学树木生态学生殖权衡

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Soil organic carbon storage in forest restoration models and environmental conditions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1123-1134页

作者： Ranieri Ribeiro Paula Miguel Calmon Maria Leonor Lopes-Assad Eduardo de SáMendonça departamento de Agronomia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção VegetalUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoAlto UniversitárioGuararemaAlegreEspírito Santo CEP 29500-000Brazil World Resources Institute SalvadorBahia CEP 40290-040Brazil departamento de Recursos naturais e Proteção Ambiental Universidade Federal de São CarlosArarasSão Paulo CEP 13600-970Brazil

The scale of forest and landscape restoration is expected to increase during the Un decade on Ecosystem Restoration and its contribution to the provision of critical ecosystem services to society.Several models of forest restoration may improve ecosystem services,including soil organic carbon(SOC)storage.A review was carried out to access:(1)the variability of SOC storage between worldwide forest restoration models and,(2)the effects of climate,soil class,soil texture,and vegetation type on SOC storage.We reviewed 119 primary studies with information on SOC and soil texture for different forest restoration models.The restoration models were grouped into four categories:natural regeneration,monocultures,agroforestry,and mixed forest.SOC data was extracted from these four restoration models,other land uses(cropland,bare land,grassland,and natural forest),climate regimes,and soil properties.The SOC storage in the forest restoration models and other land uses at a global scale ranged between 0.1 to 514 Mg ha^(-1).The overall mean value for SOC storage was higher for natural regeneration(112 Mg ha^(-1)),followed by agroforestry(74 Mg ha^(-1)),mixed forest(73 Mg ha^(-1)),and monocultures(68 Mg ha^(-1)).However,the average SOC storage was similar among the four restoration models in the moist warm climate zone.The SOC storage mean value in the moist cool zone was 23%higher than the dry cool zone(81 and 62 Mg ha^(-1),respectively),and 50%higher for the moist warm zone when compared to the dry warm climatic zone(74 and 38 Mg ha^(-1),respectively).The SOC storage of the restoration models was positively related to soil depth(0.59;pntent(0.29;pnd stand age(0.17;pn values of SOC storage were 26,66,and 139 Mg ha^(-1) at zero-10,zero-30,and zero-100 cm depths,respectively.In addition,sandy soils showed smaller mean values of SOC storage than medium to clay soils,especially in deeper soil layers.Furthermore,SOC storage was positively related between restoration models and other land

关键词： Forest restoration Land uses Soil type Soil texture Climate

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Comparison of morphological and functional outcomes of mouse sciatic nerve repair with three biodegradable polymer conduits containing poly (lactic acid)

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neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1811-1819页

作者： Fernanda Marques Pestana Rui C.C.Domingues Júlia Teixeira Oliveira Daniela F.P.A.Durco Camila Oliveira Goulart Henrique Rocha Mendonca Anne Caroline Rodrigues dos Santos natália Tavares de Campos Beatriz Theodoro da Silva Cristina Cardoso Pereira Cristiano Piacsek Borges Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Pós Graduacao em Ciências Morfológicas Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-UFRJRio de Janeiro RJ Brazil anatomia Patológica-Faculdade de Medicina-HUCFF-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Laboratório de neurodegeneracao e Reparo-Faculdade de Medicina-HUCFF-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Programa de Eng. Química COPPE-UFRJRio de Janeiro Brazil Polo Universitário de Macaé Laboratório Integrado de Produtos Bioativos e BiociênciasMacaê UFRJ Brazil

Poly（lactic acid）（PLA）-containing nerve guidance conduits（nGCs） are currently being investigated for nerve repair as an alternative to autograft, which leads to permanent functional impairment in the territory innervated by the removed nerve. Combination of polymers modifies the physical properties of the conduits, altering their nerve-guidance properties. Conduits made from PLA-only or combined with other polymers have been used successfully for nerve repair, but their efficiency has not been compared. We compared the morphological and functional outcomes of peripheral nerve repair by using nGCs made of poly（lactic acid） and combined or not with polycaprolactone（PLA/PCL） or polyvinylpyrrolidone（PLA/PVP）. To assess the functional recovery, we employed a mechanical hyperalgesia analysis, sciatic functional index（SFI）, and electroneuromyography. The mechanical hyperalgesia analysis showed that the PLA group improved more rapidly than the PLA/PVP and PLA/PCL groups; similarly, in the electroneuromyography assay, the PLA group exhibited higher amplitude than the PLA/PCL and PLA/PVP groups. However, the SFI improvement rates did not differ among the groups. Morphologically, the PLA group showed more vascularization, while the nerve fiber regeneration did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the PLA-only conduits were superior to the other nGCs tested for nerve repair.

关键词： sciatic nerve tubulization biodegradable conduit poly（lactic acid） regeneration

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