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Negative elongation factor:a key factor in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第4期19卷 453-455页

作者： Elif Gelmez Andreas Jeron Dunja Bruder infection Immunology group Institute of Medical MicrobiologyInfection Control and PreventionHealth Campus ImmunologyInfectiology and InflammationOtto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany Immune Regulation group Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany

In addition to its physiological function in the uptake of dietary nutrients,the intestinal epithelium constitutes an essential mechanical barrier separating luminal gut content and mucosal microbiota from the inner *** epithelial cells(IEC)comprise the frontline of this barrier,the maintenance of which critically depends on the expression of cell-cell junction protein structures,including tight junctions,adherence junctions,desmosomes,and gap junctions,which physically bridge and seal the intercellular niche within the IEC layer.

关键词： epithelium barrier separating

Beware the intruder:gasodermin A as molecular guardian preventing systemic dissemination of group A streptococci following local skin infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 761-763页

作者： Mahyar Aghapour Surender Surender Dunja Bruder infection Immunology group Institute of Medical MicrobiologyInfection Control and PreventionHealth Campus ImmunologyInfectiology and InflammationOtto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany Immune Regulation group Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany

Pyroptosis represents a host-protective mechanism that promotes clearance of pathogens by initiating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of *** a study recently published in Nature,Deng et *** outlined a hitherto unknown role of the group A Streptococcus(GAS)-derived cysteine protease streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B(SpeB)in gasodermin A(GSDMA)cleavage as the primary step in induction of *** clearly shown in GSDMA-deficient mice infected with SpeBproducing GAS,this cleavage event is key to preventing the systemic spread and fatal course of GAS following local skin infection[1].

关键词： protective infection local

Add on the next level—the time point of the type I IFN response orchestrates the immune response

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第8期17卷 791-793页

作者： Angela Wedekind David Fritzsch Andrea Kröger Research group Molecular Microbiology Institute of Microbiology and Hospital HygieneOtto von Guericke University39120MagdeburgGermany Research group Innate Immunity and infection Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research38124BraunschweigGermany

The directed control of an effective cellular or adaptive immune response is the aim of vaccine strategies and tumor *** antibodies prevent the spread of pathogens,while efficient cellular immunotherapy is used to overcome T-cell exhaustion and unresponsiveness toward *** such settings,the type I interferon(IFN)system mediates pleiotropic effects of the immune system that can be either immunostimulating or *** a recent work,De Giovanni et *** a novel regulatory checkpoint by which type I IFN regulates CD4^(+)T-cell *** study dissects the time point of type I IFN induction as a central regulator of the adaptive immune response that determines the balance between humoral and cellular *** findings identify an intriguing and previously undescribed checkpoint that can potentially be manipulated for ***,the authors demonstrate that CD4^(+)T-cell polarization could be influenced by manipulating the IFN response during infection.

关键词： al. vaccine interferon

IL-33: a jack of all trades in the orchestration of respiratory antibacterial immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第11期14卷 875-877页

作者： Julia D Boehme Dunja Bruder infection Immunology group Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneOtto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany Immune Regulation group Department of Immune ControlHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany

Influenza A virus(IAV)is the causative agent of mostly mild to moderate seasonal respiratory infections and several pandemic outbreaks,the most recent of which was reported in *** IAV pandemics were associated with an enormous death toll;for example,the 1918 H1N1 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people globally and resulted in~50 million deaths.1 Microbiologic analyses of patient samples revealed a strong incidence of bacterial pathogens in fatal complications of viral infection.2 To date,many pieces of epidemiologic and experimental evidence reveal pronounced susceptibility to detrimental bacterial superinfection in IAVinfected individuals.

关键词： immunity respiratory hundreds

The brain–immune cells axis controls tissue specific immunopathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 101-103页

作者： Maxi Heyner Sarah Schreier Andrea Kröger Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Innate Immunity and infection group Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany

During viral infections,cell death can be induced as a direct result of cytopathic virus replication in various cell types and tissues or as an immune response of the host to the infectious *** leads to an infiltration of inflammatory cells,causing subsequent tissue *** balance between effective elimination of the pathogen and prevention of fatal tissue damage is decisive for *** host has developed various mechanisms to inhibit excessive immune responses.

关键词： prevention damage death

Interaction Between the Neglected Tropical Disease Human Schistosomiasis and HCV infection in Egypt:a Puzzling Relationship

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第2期2卷 134-141页

作者： Mahmoud M. Bahgat Immunology and Infectious Diseases group Therapeutic Chemistry Department the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences the National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Research group of Biomarkers for infection and Immunity Institute of Experimental Infection Research TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover Germany

Egypt has the highest prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and seropositivity worldwide, and it has been proposed that this enhanced susceptibility to HCV is related to coinfection with schistosomiasis. Although currently, there are no studies regarding the actual prevalence of both human schistosomiasis and schistosomiasis/HCV coinfection evi-dences strongly support that eliminating human schistoso-miasis from Egypt is necessary to reduce both HCV prevalence and liver pathology. The present review highlights the significant impact of the neglected tropical disease human schistosomiasis on both susceptibility of Egyptians to HCV coinfection, severity of the resulting liver pathology, and poor response to antiviral therapy. The immune evasion mechan-isms exerted by the HCV-NS3/4A protease domain, and the possible impact of immune evasion mechanisms exerted by proteases of larval, worm and egg stages of the parasite Schistosoma on human susceptibility to HCV infection are discussed. In addition, schistosome immune evasion mechanisms may include immunosuppression that in turn prevents clearance of HCV viremia and leads to relapsing HCV infection and severe liver pathology. I propose the generation of a replicon system from the most prevailing genotype (HCV-4a) in Egypt and establishing its replication on hepatoplas-toma or immune cells in presence of bilharzial antigens. Finally, the use of a humanized small animal model that can acquire both HCV and S. mansoni infections will be important to further understand in real time the impact of coinfection on both the immune system and liver pathology.

关键词： Egypt Neglected tropical disease Human schistosomiasis HCV Coinfection Immune evasion mechanisms HCV protease Schistosome pro-teases

Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第3期15卷 226-232页

作者： John E Pearl Mrinal Das Andrea M Cooper Department of infection Immunity and Inflammation Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group(LTBRG)University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK

Accurate prediction of which patient will progress from a sub-clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis represents an elusive,yet critical,clinical research *** the individual perspective,progression can be considered to be the product of a series of unfortunate events or even a run of bad ***,we identify the subtle physiological relationships that can influence the odds of progression to active TB and how this progression may reflect directed dysbiosis in a number of interrelated *** infected individuals who progress to disease have apparently good immune responses,but these responses are,at times,compromised by either local or systemic environmental *** disease promoting processes,such as tissue-damaging granulomata,usually manifest in the lung,but illness is *** apparent dichotomy between local and systemic reflects a clear need to define the factors that promote progression to active disease within the context of the body as a physiological *** discuss aspects of the host environment that can impact expression of immunity,including the microbiome,glucocorticoid-mediated regulation,catecholamines and interaction between the gut,liver and *** suggest the importance of integrating precision medicine into our analyses of experimental outcomes such that apparently conflicting results are not contentious,but rather reflect the impact of these subtle relationships with our environment and microbiota.

关键词： gut-liver-lung axis microbiome tuberculosis

A simplified LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the cardiovascular disease biomarker trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursors

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第4期11卷 523-528页

作者： Katharina Rox Silke Rath Dietmar H.Pieper Marius Vital Mark Bronstrup Department of Chemical Biology(CBIO) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)38124BraunschweigGermany German Center for infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany Research group Microbial Interactions and Processes(MINP) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)38124BraunschweigGermany Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology Hannover Medical School(MHH)30625HannoverGermany

Trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO)has emerged as a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Although several clinical studies have shown striking associations of TMAO levels with atherosclerosis and CVDs,TMAO determinations are not clinical routine *** current methodology relies on isotope-labeled internal standards,which adds to pre-analytical complexity and costs for the quantification of TMAO and its precursors carnitine,betaine or ***,we report a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based method that is fast(throughput up to 240 samples/day),consumes low sample volumes(e.g.,from a finger prick),and does not require isotope-labeled *** circumvented the analytical problem posed by the presence of endogenous TMAO and its precursors in human plasma by using an artificial plasma matrix for *** cross-validated the results obtained using an artificial matrix with those using mouse plasma matrix and demonstrated that TMAO,carnitine,betaine and choline were accurately quantified in’reallife’human plasma samples from healthy volunteers,obtained either from a finger prick or from venous ***,we assessed the stability of samples stored at-20℃and room *** all metabolites were stable at-20℃,increasing concentrations of choline were determined when stored at room *** method will facilitate the establishment of TMAO as a routine clinical biomarker in hematology in order to assess the risk for CVDs development,or to monitor disease progression and intervention effects.

关键词： TMAO Atherosclerosis Biomarker Carnitine Choline Betaine LC-MS/MS

Role of coatings and materials of external fixation pins on the rates of pin tract infection:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第11期12卷 920-930页

作者： Cristhopher Stoffel Bruno Eltz Mauro Jose Salles Department of Orthopedic Surgery Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Rio Grande do SulPasso Fundo 99010110Rio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital São FranciscoConcordia 89700-000Santa CatarinaBrazil musculoskeletal infection group Internal Medicine DepartmentSanta Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical SciencesSao Paulo 01221-020Brazil musculoskeletal infection group Division of Infectious DiseasesEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao Paulo 01221-020Brazil

BACKGROUND infection at the pin tract is a frequent and feared complication of external fixators(EF).The type of pin material and coatings have been regarded as possibly influencing infection *** the last 20 years,few prospective clinical studies and systematic reviews addressed the role of coated pins on the rate of pin site infection in human clinical *** To assess the EF literature over the past 20 years on the clinical benefits of pins manufactured from varied materials and coating systems and their possible role in pin tract infection *** We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA and PICOS guidelines using four scientific platforms:PubMed,LiLacs,SciELO,and *** searched the literature for related publications over the past 20 *** A literature search yielded 29 articles,among which seven met the inclusion *** studies compared stainless-steel pins and pins coated with hydroxyapatite(HA),titanium and *** pin tract infection definitions were arbitrary and not standardized among *** studies included a low number of patients in the analysis and used a short follow-up *** metaanalyses were carried out,comparing stainless steel vs silver pins,stainless steel vs HA-coated pins,and titanium vs HA-coated *** of this analysis resulted in statistically significant differences in pin tract infection *** Currently,no clinical evidence supports the advantage of EF pins manufactured with materials other than stainless steel or coated over uncoated pins in reducing the rates of pin tract infections.A standardized definition of pin tract infection in external fixation is still lacking.

关键词： External fixator Pin tract infection Stainless steel pin Coated pin Coating systems Pin site infection