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Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults:A systematic review with meta-analyses

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 820-840页

作者： Dustin J.Oranchuk Stephan G.Bodkin Katie L.Boncella Michael O.Harris-Love muscle morphology Mechanicsand Performance LaboratoryDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Physical Therapy

Background:Assessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis,treatment,and injury/disease *** clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting ***,relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative ***,we aimed to(a) synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older adults(≥60 years),(b) perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function,and(c) perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle ***:CINAHL,Embase,MEDLINE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older ***-of-bias assessments were conducted along with funnel plot ***-analyses with and without sub-analyses for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher's Z transformation for the most common measures of physical ***'s Z was back-transformed to Pearson's r for ***:Fifty-one articles(n=5095,female=~2759,male=~2301,72.5± 5.8 years,mean±SD(1 study did not provide sex descriptors))were extracted for review,with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 13 *** rectus femoris(n=34) and isometric knee extension strength(n=22) were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities,*** relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate(n=2924,r=-0.36(95% confidence interval:-0.38 to-0.32),p <0.001),with all other meta-analyses(grip strength,walking speed,sit-to-stand,timed up-and-go) resulting in slightly weaker correlations(r:-0.34 to-0.23,all p <0.001).Sub-analyses determined minimal differences in predicti

关键词： Correlations Echo intensity Elderly Intramuscular fat Strength

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Fatigability during volitional walking in incomplete spinal cord injury: cardiorespiratory and motor performance considerations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 786-790页

作者： Jared M.Gollie muscle morphology Mechanics and Performance Laboratory Clinical Research Center-Human Performance Research Unit Veteran Affairs Medical Center Department of Health Human Function and Rehabilitation Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences The George Washington University

Fatigability describes the decline in force production（i.e., performance fatigability） and/or changes in sensations regulating performance（i.e., perceived fatigability） during whole-body activity and poses a major challenge to those living with spinal cord injuries（SCI）. After SCI, the inability to overcome disruptions to metabolic homeostasis due to cardiorespiratory limitations and physical deconditioning may contribute to increased fatigability severity. The increased susceptibility to fatigability may have implications for motor control strategies and motor learning. Locomotor training approaches designed to reduce fatigability and enhance aerobic capacity in combination with motor learning may be advantageous for promoting functional recovery after SCI. Future research is required to advance the understanding of the relationship between fatigability, cardiorespiratory function and motor performance following SCI.

关键词： fatigue rehabilitation spinal cord injuries oxygen consumption gait exercise muscle fatigue metabolism cardiorespiratory fitness locomotion

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Exercise is mitochondrial medicine for muscle

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2019年第1期1卷 11-18页

作者： Ashley N.Oliveira David A.Hood muscle Health Research Centre School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada

Mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy for muscle *** these organelles become dysfunctional,they produce less energy as well as excessive levels of reactive oxygen species which can trigger muscle atrophy,weakness and loss of *** this review,molecular evidence is provided to show that exercise serves as a useful therapeutic countermeasure to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction,even when key regulators of organelle biogenesis are *** findings illustrate the complexity and compensatory nature of exercise-induced molecular signaling to transcription,as well as to post-transcriptional events within the mitochondrial synthesis and degradation(***)*** with the first bout of contractile activity,exercise exerts a medicinal effect to improve mitochondrial health and whole muscle function.

关键词： Mitochondria muscle Exercise Health Aging Metabolism Training

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Skeletal muscle Fiber Type and morphology in a Middle-Aged Elite Male Powerlifter Using Anabolic Steroids

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 404-411页

作者： Steven B.Machek Kent A.Lorenz Marialice Kern Andrew J.Galpin James R.Bagley muscle Physiology Laboratory Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Social SciencesSan Francisco State University1600 Holloway AvenueGym 101San FranciscoCA 94132USA Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory Department of HealthHuman Performanceand RecreationRobbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory Center for Sport PerformanceCalifornia State UniversityFullertonUSA

Powerlifting regularly exposes athletes to extreme stimuli such as chronic heavy resistance training(HRT),and many powerlifters choose to augment their performance with anabolic-androgenic steroids(AAS).However,little is known about the myocellular adaptations that occur from long-term HRT and AAS use,especially into middle *** were presented with the unique opportunity to study muscle cells from an elite-level powerlifter(EPL;age 40 years)with≥30 years of HRT experience and≥15 years of AAS *** purpose of this case study was to identify myocellular characteristics[myosin heavy chain(MHC)fiber type,fiber size,and myonuclear content]in EPL,as well as compare these data to existing *** participant underwent a resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsy and single fibers were analyzed for MHC content via SDS-PAGE.A subset of fibers underwent MHC-specific imaging analysis via confocal microscopy to identify cell size(cross-sectional area,CSA)and myonuclear domain(MND)*** fiber type distribution was 9% I,12% I/IIa,79% IIa,and 0% other *** pure MHC IIa(fast-twitch)fiber content was amongst the highest reported in the *** analysis of MHC IIa fibers revealed a mean CSA of 4218±933μm^(2) and MND of 12,548±3181μm^(3).While the fast-twitch fiber CSA was comparable to values in previous literature,mean MND was smaller than has been reported in untrained men,implying greater capacity for growth and *** findings showcase the unique muscle cell structure of an elite powerlifter,extending the known physiological limits of human muscle size and strength.

关键词： Resistance training Myonuclear domain Myonuclei Myosin heavy chain Confocal microscopy muscle biopsy

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Mitigating N2O and NO Emissions from Direct-Seeded Rice with Nitrification Inhibitor and Urea Deep Placement

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Rice science 2020年第5期27卷 434-444页

作者： Yam Kanta Gaihre Upendra Singh Wendie DBible Job Fugice Jr Joaquin Sanabria International Fertilizer Development Center Muscle ShoalsAlabama 35662USA

Soil-emitted nitrous oxide(N2O) and nitric oxide(NO) in crop production are harmful nitrogen(N) emissions that may contribute both directly and indirectly to global warming. Application of nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide(DCD), and urea deep placement(UDP), are considered effective approaches to reduce these emissions. This study investigated the effects of DCD and UDP, compared to urea and potassium nitrate, on emissions, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yields under direct-seeded rice. High-frequency measurements of N2O and NO emissions were conducted using the automated closed chamber method throughout the crop-growing season and during the ratoon crop. Both UDP and DCD were effective in reducing N2O emissions by 95% and 73%, respectively. The highest emission factor(1.53% of applied N) was observed in urea, while the lowest was in UDP(0.08%). Emission peaks were mainly associated with fertilization events and appeared within one to two weeks of fertilization. Those emission peaks contributed to 65%–98% of the total seasonal emissions. Residual effects of fertilizer treatments on the N2O emissions from the ratoon crop were not significant;however, the urea treatment contributed 2%, whereas UDP contributed to 44% of the total annual emissions. On the other hand, cumulative NO emissions were not significant in either the rice or ratoon crops. UDP and DCD increased grain yields by 16%–19% and N recovery efficiency by 30%–40% over urea. The results suggested that the use of DCD and UDP could mitigate N2O emissions and increase grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency under direct-seeded rice condition.

关键词： dicyandiamide direct-seeded rice nitric oxide nitrification inhibitor nitrogen use efficiency nitrous oxide urea deep placement

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Comparison of Aerodynamic Forces and Moments Calculated by Three-dimensional Unsteady Blade Element Theory and Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第4期14卷 746-758页

作者： Loan Thi Kim Au Hoang Vu Phan Hoon Cheol Park Department of Advanced Technology Fusion and Artificial muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seoul Korea

In previous work, we modified blade element theory by implementing three-dimensional wing kinematics and modeled the unsteady aerodynamic effects by adding the added mass and rotational forces. This method is referred to as Unsteady Blade Element Theory （UBET）. A comparison between UBET and Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） for flapping wings with high flapping frequencies （〉30 Hz） could not be found in literature survey. In this paper, UBET that considers the movement of pressure center in pitching-moment estimation was validated using the CFD method. We investigated three three-dimensional （3D） wing kinematics that produce negative, zero, and positive aerodynamic pitching moments. For all cases, the instantaneous aerodynamic forces and pitching moments estimated via UBET and CFD showed similar trends. The differences in average vertical forces and pitching moments about the center of gravity were about 10% and 12%, respectively. Therefore, UBET is proven to reasonably estimate the aerodynamic forces and pitching moment for flight dynamic study of FW-MAV. However, the differences in average wing drags and pitching moments about the feather axis were more than 20%. Since study of aerodynamic power requires reasonable estimation of wing drag and pitching moment about the feather axis, UBET needs further im- provement for hilzher accuracy.

关键词： blade element theory unsteady computational fluid dynamics flapping wings biomimetic

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Therapeutic capacities of human and mouse skeletal muscle-derived stem cells for a long gap peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1811-1813页

作者： Tetsuro Tamaki muscle Physiology&Cell Biology Unit Department of Human Structure and FunctionTokai University School of Medicine143 ShimokasuyaIseharaKanagawaJapan

An overview of a long-gap peripheral nerve therapy： A long- gap peripheral nerve transection injury is an irreparable injury to the living body, and mostly leads to permanent loss of re- lated motor and sensory functions. In such long gap injuries, nerve end-to-end suture is physically impossible. Therefore, bridging a long nerve-gap is critical to re-establish adequate mechanical support for separated nerve ends, and prevent the diffusion of neurotrophic and neurotropic factors secreted by transected stumps （Deumens et al., 2010）.

关键词： Therapeutic capacities of human muscle-derived stem cells

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Influence of Center of Gravity Location on Flight Dynamic Stability in a Hovering Tailless FW-MAV: Lateral Motion

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第1期17卷 148-160页

作者： Loan Thi Kim Au Hoon Cheol Park Department of Smart Vehicle Engineering and Artificial muscle Research Center Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Korea

This paper reports the effect of the Center of Gravity(CG)position on lateral flight dynamic stability of hovering KUBeetle,a tailless FW-MAV,providing further insights on the effects of asymmetries in body mass distribution and wing *** the current study,the standard linearized equations of motion were applied as in the previous work on longitudinal dynamic *** stability derivatives were acquired using the computational fluid dynamic methods via the commercial software of ANSYS *** exists a stable region for CG between 2.6%and 3.5%of the mean chord below the wing pivot point,in which the lateral motion of hovering KUBeetle is passively *** CG below the stable region,because of an unstable oscillatory mode,the lateral motion of the FW-MAV is unstable but can be stabilized using rolling rate *** CG above the stable region,because of a divergence mode,the system remains unstable even with the rolling rate *** with other works on an FW-MAV based on a quasi-steady aerodynamic model and on insect showed similar characteristics for flapping *** is also interesting to note that the asymmetries in body mass and wing kinematics can enlarge the stable region of the system by a non-zero Ixz which approaches the root square of√IxIz,a negative LrNp,and a positive Ix2(Ir+Np).Combining the current result with that of the previous work on longitudinal motion,the most beneficial region of the CG for full 6-DOF flight dynamic stability of hovering KUBeetle was suggested.

关键词： FW-MAV center of gravity flight dynamic stability lateral motion asymmetry computational fluid dynamics bioinspired flight

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Designing a Biomimetic Ornithopter Capable of Sustained and Controlled Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第1期5卷 39-47页

作者： Joon Hyuk Park Kwang-Joon Yoon Department of Aerospace Information System and Artificial muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea

We describe the design of four ornithopters ranging in wing span from 10 cm to 40 cm, and in weight from 5 g to 45 g. The controllability and power supply are two major considerations, so we compare the efficiency and characteristics between different types of subsystems such as gearbox and tail shape. Our current omithopter is radio-controlled with inbuilt visual sensing and capable of takeoff and landing. We also concentrate on its wing efficiency based on design inspired by a real insect wing and consider that aspects of insect flight such as delayed stall and wake capture are essential at such small size. Most importantly, the advance ratio, controlled either by enlarging the wing beat amplitude or raising the wing beat frequency, is the most significant factor in an ornithopter which mimics an insect.

关键词： biomimetic ornithopter flapping wing unsteady state low Reynolds number

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Longitudinal Flight Dynamic Analysis on Vertical Takeoff of a Tailless Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第2期15卷 283-297页

作者： Loan Thi Kim Au Vu Hoang Phan Hoon Cheol Park Department of Advanced Technology Fusion and Artificial muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seou105029 Korea

This paper first analyzed the longitudinal dynamic behavior during vertical takeoff without control of a Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle （FW-MAV）. The standard linear flight dynamics based on small disturbances from trim condition was not applicable for our analysis because the initial flight condition, which was at rest on the ground, could be such a large disturbance from the trim condition that the linearization is invalid. Therefore, we derived linearized Equations of Motion （EoM） which can treat an untrimmed flight condition as a reference for disturbances. The Computational Fluid Dynamic （CFD） software ANSYS Fluent was used to compute the aerodynamic forces and pitching moments. Three flight modes were found： a fast subsidence mode, a slow subsidence mode and a divergence oscil- latory mode. Due to divergence oscillatory mode, the deviation from the reference flight grew with time; the FW-MAV tumbled without control. The simulation showed for the first 0.5 second after leaving the ground （the time that is long enough for delay of feedback control）, the FW-MAV flew up to a height of 6 cm with small horizontal and pitching motion, which is close to a vertical flight.

关键词： bioinspired FW-MAV flight dynamics vertical takeoff CFD linear theory

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