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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NeNGOVHeLA Christiane deNYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3d micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents.From reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)clade.Recent studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high elevation.Brain structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same clade.We observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3d morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Humus: dark side of life or intractable “aether”?

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 660-664页

作者： Jean-François PONGe muséum national d'histoire naturelle CNRS UMR 7179Brunoy 91800France

dear editor,Johannes Lehmann and Markus Kleber,in a controversial paper entitled"The contentious nature of soil organic matter"(Lehmann and Kleber,2015),suggested the abandonment of the term"humus"and other associated terms such as"humic","humir","humified","humification".The first reason they cited was that these labels are only instrumental in outdated soil analytical methods,which are based on alkaline extraction of soil organic matter(SOM).

关键词： soil humic life

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developmental exposure to thyroid disruptors:misprogramming of the brain's stem cells in later life?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 527-528页

作者： Pieter Vancamp Sylvie Remaud Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation CNRS UMR 7221Department Adaptations of LifeMuséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance

Introduction:ever since the discovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the adult mammalian brain,scientists have been trying to decipher which signals govern their turnover and lineage commitment to generate neurons and glia.Understanding their role in nervous tissue homeostasis can provide new insights into the etiology of several neurological disorders,and might one day be turned to our advantage to promote endogenous brain injury repair.Others and we have identified thyroid hormone(TH)as a key factor transcriptionally regulating NSC behavior in the largest niche of the adult mammalian brain:the subventricular zone(SVZ).

关键词： endogenous homeostasis programming

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Well-preserved devonian galeaspid indicates swimming performance of jawless fishes

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national Science Review 2023年第7期10卷 72-72页

作者： Philippe Janvier museum national d’histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universtité

A paper by Gai et al.[1] provides the first detailed description of the tail in an exceptionally well-preserved galeaspid from China,and the authors provide some interesting insights into the mode of life and swimming speed in this group of stem gnathostomes.Galeaspids are a very peculiar group of vertebrates.Like osteostracans,which are currently regarded as a sister group to jawed vertebrates,their gills are enclosed in depressions,or gill fossae,of the ventral surface of the braincase and open ventrally to the exterior by minute pores.In some galeaspids there may be～50 such gill fossae on each side;that is,the largest number of branchial units ever recorded in vertebrates,along with euphaneropids.The environment and overall aspect of most gale aspids suggest that they were benthic fishes,and that the flux of respiratory water entered the gill apparatus throughthe median dorsal opening (in fact,

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evolution of personality and locomotory performance traits during a late Pleistocene island colonization in a tree frog

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 631-641页

作者： Roberta Bisconti Claudio Carere david Costantini Anita Liparoto Andrea Chiocchio daniele Canestrelli department of ecological and Biological Science Tuscia UniversityLargo dell’Universitàs.n.c.01100 ViterboItaly UnitéPhysiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation(PhyMA) Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSCP3257 rue Cuvier 75005 ParisFrance

Recent empirical and theoretical studies suggest that personality and locomotory performance traits linked to dispersal abilities are crucial components of the dispersal syndromes,and that they can evolve during range expansions and colonization processes.Island colonization is one of the best characterized processes in dispersal biogeography,and its implication in the evolution of phenotypic traits has been investigated over a wide range of temporal scales.However,the effect of island colonization on personality and performance traits of natural populations,and how these traits could drive island colonization,has been little explored.Noteworthy,no studies have addressed these processes in the context of late Pleistocene range expansions.Here,we investigated the contribution of island colonization triggered by postglacial range expansions to intraspecific variation in personality and locomotory performance traits.We compared boldness,exploration,jumping performance,and stickiness abilities in populations from 3 equidistant areas of the Tyrrhenian tree frog Hyla sarda,2 from the main island(Corsica Island),and 1 from the recently colonized island of elba.Individuals from elba were significantly bolder than individuals from Corsica,as they emerged sooner from a shelter(P=0.028),while individuals from Corsica showed markedly higher jumping and stickiness performance(both Pesulting as more performing than those of elba.We discuss these results in the context of the major microevolutionary processes at play during range expansion,including selection,spatial sorting,founder effects,and their possible interaction with local adaptation processes.

关键词： behavioral syndrome colonization dispersal founder effect Hyla sarda insularity personality

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effects of drinking water supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri,and a mixture of reuterin and microcin J25 on the growth performance,caecal microbiota and selected metabolites of broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1209-1221页

作者： Liya Zhang Laila Ben Said Nadège Hervé Séverine Zirah Moussa Sory diarra Ismail Fliss Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods UniversitéLavalQCQuébecCanada Sollio Agriculture MontréalQCCanada Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance Guelph Research and development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaGuelphONCanada.

Background:Since the overuse of antibiotics in animal production has led to a selection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that affect humans and animals as well.Scientists are therefore searching for novel natural alternatives to antibiotics.In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and a combination of reuterin and microcin J25(RJ)were evaluated as promoters of growth and modulators of the cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles in broiler chickens.Oneday-old Cobb 500 male broilers were distributed to 8 treatments:negative control(without antibiotic),positive control(bacitracin),three concentrations of RJ and three doses of L.reuteri plus glycerol.The birds(2176,34 per pen,8 pens per treatment)were reared for 35 d.Results:The body weight of the bacitracin and 5 mmol/L reuterin combined with 0.08μmol/L microcin J25(10RJ)treatment group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group(Peuteri had no significant effect on broiler growth.MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed clustering of cecal microbial operational taxonomic unit diversity according to treatment.The influence of bacitracin and 10RJ on bacterial community overall structure was similar.They promoted Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes,while the negative control condition favored Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae.Furthermore,10RJ increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acid in the cecum and changed the metabolome overall.Conclusions:These overall suggest that 10RJ can promote a host-friendly gut environment by changing the cecal microbiome and metabolome.This combination of natural antimicrobial agents in the drinking water had a positive effect on broiler growth and may be suitable as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.

关键词： Broiler chicken Lactobacillus reuteri Metabolome Microbiome Microcin J25 Reuterin SCFA

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Topsoil as Affected by dung deposition Under Resting Places of Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus)

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 691-698页

作者： S. POUVeLLe F. FeeR J. F. PONGe musum national d'histoire naturelle CNRS UMR 7179 4 avenue du Petit-Chateau

The short-term influence of dung deposition and the further redistribution of dung by dung beetles were studied under a resting place of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) living in tropical rainforests of South America. Monkey dung was experimentally clumped on the field in a place used by troops of howler monkeys for resting in the Nouragues Reserve Station, French Guiana. dung-treated plots were sampled serially over three weeks and compared with controls located in their immediate vicinity. The composition of the soil matrix (top 10 cm) was studied in successive microlayers using an optical method. Under the influence of dung beetle activity, the topsoil became more homogeneous by losing its litter, its content in earthworm faeces increased in the course of time, and surface mineral deposits were penetrated by roots. The results were interpreted in the light of present knowledge on the effects of soil animal activity on plant growth and survival of seedlings.

关键词：粪肥甲虫蚯蚓高声信号器土壤肥料

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Soil Macrofaunal Communities are Heterogeneous in Heathlands with different Grazing Intensity

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 524-533页

作者： Jean-Franois PONGe Sandrine SALMON Amélie BeNOIST Jean-Jacques GeOFFROY muséum national d’histoire naturelle CNRS UMR 7179 4 avenue du Petit Chteau 91800 Brunoy (France) muséum national d’histoire naturelle CNRS UMR 7204 4 avenue du Petit Chteau 91800 Brunoy (France)

Moderate grazing by cattle increases the heterogeneity of soil and vegetation. This has been suggested as an ecologically sustainable mean of managing natural environments endangered by tree encroachment, such as heathlands. Our study was performed to test the impact of grazing intensity on soil macroinvertebrate communities in heterogeneous landscapes in a private property eligible to the Natura 2000 european Network of Special Protection Areas within the Brenne Natural Regional Park(Indre, France). We sampled macroinvertebrates along a broken line crossing 5 different land-use types, from pasture to pine forest, passing through a besom heath(erica scoparia) heathland at 3 levels of cattle pressure. We hypothesized that: i) litter-dwelling(mostly arthropods and mollusks)and soil-dwelling macroinvertebrates(mostly earthworms) would respond in an opposite manner to various grazing intensities, and ii) intermediate cattle pressure(pastured heath) would increase soil and community heterogeneity. The results supported the first hypothesis, which was explained by land-use impacts mediated by soil properties. However, our results supported only partly the second hypothesis since maximum dissimilarity(whether in the composition of soil macroinvertebrate communities or in soil features)was observed in only one out of the two pastured heaths where cattle pressure was intermediate.

关键词：土壤动物群落放牧强度异质性无脊椎动物群落荒野土地利用类型中间压力自然环境

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Saving Our Planet's Flora,the Contribution of the French national Natural History museum to the Implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 46-52页

作者： Maté deLMAS Jean-Patrick Le dUC International Relations Department of Botanical and Zoological GardensMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParis International Affairs Officer Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParis

The national Natural History museum plays a key role in the implementation of the GSPC through its botanical gardens,the Conservatoire Botanique national du Bassin Parisien,the Herbarium,and also by providing expertise on all areas of the Strategy(botany,conservation,ethonobotany,article 8j,substainable use),etc.For 2 of the goals of GSPC(conserving plant diversity,Understanding and documenting Plant diversity),the muséum has developed activities all over the world,including compilation of various flora and description of new species,as well as establishment of plant conservation schemes and habitat protection policies.It also conserves endangered species in the botanical garden.

关键词： Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conservation Botanical expertise

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m^(6)A Profile dynamics Indicates Regulation of Oyster development by m^(6)A-RNA epitranscriptomes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第4期21卷 742-755页

作者： Lorane Le Franc Bruno Petton Pascal Favrel Guillaume Rivière Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des ecosyste`mes Aquatiques(BOReA) Muséum d’Histoire NaturelleSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéde Caen NormandieUniversitédes AntillesCNRS UMR 8067IRD14032 CaenFrance Ifremer Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement MarinUMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IfremerCentre Bretagne29280 PlouzanéFrance

The N6-methylation of RNA adenosines(N6-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)is an important regulator of gene expression with critical implications in vertebrate and insect development.However,the developmental significance of epitranscriptomes in lophotrochozoan organisms remains unknown.Using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq),we generated transcriptome-wide m^(6)A-RNA methylomes covering the entire development of the oyster from oocytes to juveniles.Oyster RNA classes display specific m^(6)A signatures,with messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)exhibiting distinct profiles and being highly methylated compared to transposable element(Te)transcripts.epitranscriptomes are dynamic and correspond to the chronological steps of development(cleavage,gastrulation,organogenesis,and metamorphosis),with minimal mRNA and lncRNA methylation at the morula stage followed by a global increase.mRNA m^(6)A levels are correlated with transcript levels,and shifts in methylation profiles correspond to expression kinetics.differentially methylated transcripts cluster according to embryo-larval stages and bear the corresponding developmental functions(cell division,signal transduction,morphogenesis,and cell differentiation).The m^(6)A level of Te transcripts is also regulated and peaks during the gastrulation.We demonstrate that m^(6)A-RNA methylomes are dynamic and associated with gene expression regulation during oyster development.The putative epitranscriptome implication in the cleavage,maternal-to-zygotic transition,and cell differentiation in a lophotrochozoan model brings new insights into the control and evolution of developmental processes.

关键词： RNA methylation Transcription embryo Metamorphosis evo-devo

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