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Application of Sediment Traps in Global Change research in Mountain Lakes

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 228-239页

作者： G. R. KATTEL Environmental Change research centre (ECRC) Department of GeographyUniversity College London murray-darling freshwater research centre Brian Grogan Building La Trobe University

Representativity of biota in the biosphere also have similar significance in the lithosphere after their death. Recently, taphonomic representation of biota in the lithosphere has been widely used for minimizing the biases in palaeo-environmental reconstructions including global climate change. In September 2001, a sediment trap was installed at the central area of the Loch Coire Fionnaraich （LCFR）, a small, oligotrophic mountain loch in northwest Scotland for a taphonomic study of cladoceran zooplankton. The trap was emptied on a seasonal basis, where an average 0.14 g dry material was recovered in each season, January, May and August 2002 respectively. A sediment core was also taken from near the sediment trap location. The top 0.5 cm section, the ＇core＇ was used for a comparative study with the trap sediment samples. The planktonic Cladocera consisted of Bosmina coregoni and appeared to have excellent preservation in the trap assemblages. Moreover, some common littoral Cladocera such as Alonella excisa and Aloha guttata appear to be less well preserved in the fossil assemblages. Large littoral taxa such as Eurycercus lamellatus and Aloha quadrangularis were rare in the trap but relatively common and well preserved in the sediment-water interface. It is suggested that taphonomic processes play a dominant role on deposition of fossil remains of Cladocera and caution should be taken while inferring the past environmental changes whilst using fossil assemblages recovered from the lake centre as a representation of the entire cladoceran community in the lake.

关键词： Cladocera mountain lakes taphonomy representativity sediment trap core-top Loch CoireFionnaraich Scotland

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Recovery time of macroinvertebrate community from Cd pollution in Longjiang River,Guangxi,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 183-194页

作者： Yongde CUI Baoqiang WANG Yongjing ZHAO Nick RBOND Hongzhu WANG State Key Laboratory of freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China murray-darling freshwater research centre La Trobe UniversityWodonga 3690Australia

Estimating recovery times from pollution incident is an important issue of targeted biomonitoring *** the present study,the impact and recovery of macroinvertebrate communities from a cadmium wastewater discharge in the Longjiang River,Guangxi,China,in early January 2012 were studied based on 83 samples collected in fi ve surveys within 20 months after the *** pollution aff ected seriously the local aquatic biota,and consequently,the invertebrate abundance and species richness were reduced *** months later,the taxonomic number of macroinvertebrates began to ***,sensitive taxa remained *** months later,the taxon richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates increased signifi cantly compared to those in the previous four time *** explore the possible time-scale over which pre-disturbance conditions might occur,we chose four diff erent typical metrics of taxa richness(total taxa number,cumulative taxa number,taxa number per samples,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index)and extrapolated modeled recovery *** values for the four metrics were set at average values for sites from the nearby Lijiang River,which were used as a *** a continued linear trajectory,the recovery times were estimated to be 52,39,39,and 31 months,respectively,which was roughly 3-5 *** is consistent with results from recovery times from other studies of acute pollution cases,but contrasted strongly to the much longer recovery times associated with chronic pollution from groundwater contamination and mine-tailing runoff.

关键词： macroinvertebrate community recovery time heavy metal pollution cadmium Longjiang River

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Current issues involved with the identification and nutritional value of wood grubs consumed by Australian Aborigines

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 199-210页

作者： Alan Yen Conrad Bilney Michael Shackleton Susan Lawler Biosciences research Branch Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport ＆ Resources Bundoora Victoria Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia Department of Environment Ecology ＆ Evolution La Trobe University Victoria Australia The murray-darling freshwater research centre School of Life Sciences La Trobe University Victoria Australi

The so called witchetty grub is a publicized food source for Australian Aborig- ines. Despite heavy use, the identities and number of species consumed is still not known because of the lack of identified voucher specimens. Taxonomy based on adults makes identification of larval forms difficult. Dwelling in the root, trunks, and stems of woody plants, grubs are a reliable and highly valued food source that may be in decline. Much information on edible insects may already be lost in parts of Australia heavily settled by Europeans. However, there are many parts of Australia where information on edible insects is still strong and needs to be recorded accurately for long-term use. Recent iden- tification of＂witchetty grubs＂ from the witchetty bush at Barrow Creek has revealed that those there, based on their DNA, are not Endoxyla leucomochla. As grubs are collected and eaten before they mature and scientific taxonomy is based on adults, there are many unanswered questions on the grub identification and biology, host plants, and plant and grub distributions.

关键词： Australian Aborigines edible insects witchetty grubs

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Engineers： The Key to Sustainable Water Use

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 586-587页

作者： Neil Andrew Chair of Australia's murray-darling Basin Authority and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering Australia

Although Australia is known for being the world＇s driest inhab-ited continent, water scarcity is hardly an issue that is isolated to just one country. In recent months, the prolonged drought in South Africa has led to a water crisis that prompted real and urgent warn-ings that Cape Town, the country＇s second-largest city, faced the possibility of running out of water. In India, the northern summer has brought on a repeat of acute water shortages, with reports of taps running dry in many areas and with one policy think-tank warning that around 600 million people in India are facing water stress.

关键词：印度水资源发展现状保护措施

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Climatic regionalization mapping of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area,Australia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1773-1779页

作者： Shahbaz Khan Akhtar Abbas Tariq Rana Sustainable Water Resources Development and Management Section Division of Water SciencesUNESCOIrue Miollis 75015 ParisFrance CSIRO Land and Water University CanberraACTAustralia murray darling Basin Authority CanberraACTAustralia

In this study,spatial analysis techniques were used to generate climatic zoning maps of the East Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area(MIA), *** term climate data were used to analyze and assess regional climatic variation by cluster analysis in a GIS environment. Based on thermal and moisture factors,four variables were chosen to develop climate *** variables include annual average rainfalls, annual average ETc,annual average Growing Day Degree(GDD) and daily average temperature generated from daily climate data of 36 years(1971-2006) on 12 local weather stations as the fundamental elements of regional climate ***-based spatial analysis models are used to map climate sub-regions from sets of climatic parameters derived from regional climate data *** climate zoning schemes are presented by integration of spatial interpolation,spatial cluster analysis and climate indices *** scheme comes with the two climate zones of the West and the East based on spatial cluster analysis according to selected climatic variables, and the other comes with the three comprehensive hydro-thermal zones and the six hydro-thermal balance zones.

关键词： Agro-climatic regionalization Regional climatic variation Climatic zone mapping Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area GIS

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干旱气候中的水质管理:十年干旱的经验与教训(英文)

干旱气候中的水质管理:十年干旱的经验与教训(英文)

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北京论坛（2010）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——为了我们共同的家园：责任与行动

作者： Darren S.Baldwin Sally Hladyz Susanne Watkins Kerry Whitworth Todd Wallace murray darling freshwater research centre PO Box 991 Wodonga Vic 3689 Australia CSIRO Land and Water La Trobe University

"And it never failed that during the dry years the people forgot about the rich years,and during the wet years they lost all memory of the dry *** was always that way."John Steinbeck - East of Eden. ***: It is a given that water is essential for life and securing sufficient water supply is fundamental to a sustainable ***,while water quantity is paramount in our thinking about water resources,water quality is also *** of poor quality can be damaging to the

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Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista Greg S.Baxter Nicholas J.Hudson Peter J.murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation

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Changes in the quality of river water before,during and after a major flood event associated with a La Nina cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1985-1993页

作者： Mohamad Fared Murshed Zeeshan Aslam Rosmala Lewis Christopher Chow Dongsheng Wang Mary Drikas John van Leeuwen centre for Water Management and Reuse Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia Australian Water Quality centre South Australian Water Corporation State Key Laboratory for Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Barbara Hardy Institute Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South Australia

The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system（the murray–darling Basin, Australia） before（March–July 2010）, during（December 2010–May 2011） and after（April–December 2012） a major flood period was investigated. The flood period（over 6 months）occurred during an intense La Nia cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased（2–3 times） to high concentrations（up to 16 mg/L） and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model（mEnCo）. Predicted mean alum dose rates（per mg DOC） were higher before（9.1 mg alum/mg DOC） and after（8.5 mg alum/mg DOC） than during the flood event（8.0 mg alum/mg DOC）,indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds（〉2 kDa） were mostly detected in waters collected,but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.

关键词： Alum Coagulation Flood mEnCo prediction dose(EnCD) La Ni?a

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Prediction of DOM removal of low specific UV absorbance surface waters using HPSEC combined with peak fitting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1174-1180页

作者： Linan Xing Rolando Fabris W.K.Chow John van Leeuwen Mary Drikas Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of ScinecesBeijing 100085China Australian Water Quality centre South Australian Water Corporation256 Victoria SquareAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia SA Water centre for Water Management and Reuse University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSouth Australia 5095Australia

High performance size exclusion chromatography （HPSEC） is used in water quality research primarily to determine the molecular weight distribution of the dissolved organic matter （DOM）, but by applying peak fitting to the chromatogram, this technique can also be used as a tool to model and predict DOM removal. Six low specific UV absorbance （SUVA） source waters were treated using coagulation with alum and both the source and treated water samples were analysed using HPSEC. By comparing the molecular weight profiles of the source and treated waters, it was established that several DOM components were not effectively removed by alum coagulation even after high dosage alum treatment. A peak-fitting technique was applied based on the concept of linking the character （molecular weight profile） of the recalcitrant organics in the treated water with those of the source water. This was then applied to predict DOM treatability by determining the areas of the peaks which were assigned to removable organics from the source water molecular weight profile after peak fitting, and this technique quantified the removable and non-removable organics. The prediction was compared with the actual dissolved organic carbon （DOC） removal determined from jar testing and showed good agreement, with variance between 2% and 10%. This confirmed that this prediction approach, which was originally developed for high SUVA waters, can also be applied successfully to predict DOC removal in low SUVA waters.

关键词： DOM high performance size exclusion chromatography peak fitting water treatment

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Taxonomic and metabolic shifts in the Coorong bacterial metagenome driven by salinity and external inputs

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2033-2049页

作者： Kelly NEWTON Thomas C.JEFFRIES Renee J.SMITH Justin R.SEYMOUR Laurent SEURONT James G.MITCHELL School of Biological Sciences Flinders University School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Flinders centre for Innovation in Cancer Flinders University Climate Change Cluster University of Technology Sydney centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences

The Coorong estuary lies at the terminus of Australia's largest river system, the murray-darling; both are strongly influenced by human activities; including farming and extensive flow modification. Metagenomic approaches were used to determine the planktonic bacterial community composition and potential metabolic function at two extremes in the Coorong, the river mouth which exhibits marine-like salinity, and the hypersaline upper-reaches of the estuary. Significant shifts in taxa and metabolic function were seen between the two sites. The river mouth exhibited an increase in abundance of R hodobacteriaceae and Alteromonadaceae; families readily able to adapt to change in nutrient conditions; and the potentially pathogenic families B rucellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Metabolisms over-represented include motility and chemotaxis, RNA metabolism and membrane transport, all of which are involved in actively searching for and obtaining nutrients. Also over-represented were metabolisms involved in population succession and stress response. An over-representation of taxa and metabolisms indicative of environmental change is reflective of anthropogenically af fected riverine input. In the hypersaline upper reaches of the estuary, the halophilic family Ectothiorhodospiraceae was over-represented, as were the families Flavobacteriaceae, Cytophagaceae and Nocardioidaceae, members of which are able to survive over a wide salinity range. Metabolisms over-represented here were reflective of increased bacterial growth, characteristic of hypersaline environments, and included DNA metabolism, nucleotide and nucleoside synthesis and cell cycle. Coorong metagenomes clustered taxonomically and metabolically with other planktonic metagenomes, but remained an outlier of this group with only 71% and 84% similarity, respectively. This indicates that the Coorong exhibits a unique planktonic bacterial community that is influenced by riverine input at the river mouth and sali

关键词： hypersaline estuary bacteria taxonomy metabolic potential

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