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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 712-718页

作者： Philip W. BATEMAN Patricia A. FLEMING Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth Bentley WA 6845 Australial School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Murdoch WA 6150 Australia

Models of optimal escape strategy predict that animals should move away when the costs of fleeing (metabolic and opportunity costs) are outweighed by the costs of *** theoretical models predict that more vulnerable individuals should be more reactive, moving away when an approaching threat is further *** tested whether escape behaviour (including ‘escape calling’) ofLithobates sphenocephalusapproached by a human was influenced by body size or the initial microhabitat that the individual was found *** of their size, frogs in the open tended to remain immobile, enhancing their *** in cover showed different responses according to their body size, but, contrary to our initial predictions, larger frogs showed greater responsiveness (longer flight initiation distance and distances fled) than small *** frogs tended to remain closer to water and escaped into water, while larger individuals were more likely to jump to terrestrial cover and call during *** of frogs near the focal animal had no effect on escape *** study indicates a range of escape responses in this species and points to the importance of divergent escape choices for organisms which live on the edge of different environments.

关键词：微生境选择青蛙车身尺寸行为逃逸生活密度模型预测

Breeding crops by design for future agriculture

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2020年第6期21卷 423-425页

作者： Chengdao LI Western Barley Genetics Alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Plant breeding is both the science and art of developing elite crop cultivars by creating and reassembling desirable inherited traits for human *** the bulk selection of wild plants for cultivation during early civilization to Mendelian genetics and genomics-assisted breeding in modern society,breeding methodologies have evolved over the last thousand *** the past few decades,the“Green Revolution”through breeding of semi-dwarf wheat and rice varieties,and the use of heterosis and transgenic crops have dramatically enhanced crop productivity and helped prevent widespread famine(Hickey et al.,2019).Integration of these technologies can significantly improve breeding efficiency in the development of super crop varieties(Li et al.,2018).

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

Tracking invasion and invasiveness in Queensland fruit flies： From classical genetics to ＇omics＇

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 477-487页

作者： William B. SHERWIN Marianne FROMMER John A. SVED Kathryn A. RAPHAEL John G. OAKESHOTT Deborah C.A. SHEARMAN A. Stuart GILCHRIST Evolution and Ecology Research Centre University of NSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch WA 6150 Australia CSIRO Land & Water Flagship Cltmies Ross St Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Three Australian tephritid fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni- Q-fly,Bactrocera neohumeralis- NEO, andBactrocera jarvisi- JAR) are promising models for genetic studies of pest status and invasiveness. The long history of ecological and physiological studies of the three species has been augmented by the development of a range of genetic and genomic tools, including the capacity for forced multigeneration crosses between the three species followed by selection experiments, a draft genome for Q-fly, and tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomes. The Q-fly and NEO species pair is of particular interest. The distribution of NEO is contained entirely within the wider distribution of Q-fly and the two species are ecologically extremely similar, with no known differences in pheromones, temperature tolerance, or host-fruit utilisation. However there are three clear differences between them: humeral callus colour, complete pre-mating isolation based on mating time-of-day, and invasiveness. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outbreaks might derive from genetically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Q-fly and NEO show very limited genome differentiation, so comparative genomic analyses and QTL mapping should be able to identify the regions of the genome controlling mating time and invasiveness, to assess the genetic bases for the invasive strains of Q-fly, and to facilitate a variety of improvements to current sterile insect control strategies for that species.

关键词：经典遗传学侵袭性水果苍蝇昆士兰基因组草图桔小实蝇浸润

Application of Parzen Window estimation for incipient fault diagnosis in power transformers

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High Voltage 2018年第4期3卷 303-309页

作者： Md Mominul Islam Gareth Lee Sujeewa Nilendra Hettiwatte School of Engineering and Information Technology Murdoch UniversityMurdochPerthAustralia School of Engineering National School of Business ManagementHomagamaSri Lanka

Accurate faults diagnosis in power transformers is important for utilities to schedule maintenance and minimises the operation *** gas analysis(DGA)is one of the proven and widely accepted tools for incipient fault diagnosis in power *** improve the accuracy and solve the cases that cannot be classified using Rogers’Ratios,IEC ratios and Duval triangles methods,a novel DGA technique based on Parzen window estimation have been presented in this *** model uses the concentrations of five combustible hydrocarbon gases:methane,ethane,ethylene,acetylene and hydrogen to compute the probability of transformers fault *** of the proposed method has been evaluated against different conventional techniques and artificial intelligence-based approaches such as support vector machines,artificial neural networks,rough sets analysis and extreme learning machines for the same set of transformers.A comparison with other soft computing approaches shows that the proposed method is reliable and effective for incipient fault diagnosis in power transformers.

关键词： artificial diagnosis fault

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.SMITH Saeed MIRAMINI Bruce S.GARDINER Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of Melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of Science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap size<1μm,flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

Biochar and Compost Increase Crop Yields but the Effect is Short Term on Sandplain Soils of Western Australia

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 720-728页

作者： David J.M.HALL Richard W.BELL Department of Agriculture and Food School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University

Sandplain soils on the south coast of Western Australia have low inherent fertility, which is mainly due to poor nutrient retention caused by insufficient clay and organic colloidal material. Previous research has shown the benefits in nutrient levels and retention from adding clay to sandplain soils; however, there is almost no information on the addition of organic amendments. A field experiment was established at the Esperance Downs Research Station, Western Australian, in May 2010, to assess the effects of wheat straw(WS) and chicken manure(CM) biochars and compost with and without phosphorus(P) addition on soil properties and crop production over five growing seasons. The five seasons alternated between winter and summer crops. The CM and WS biochar and compost treatments significantly increased crop yields and P uptake in 3, 2 and 1 of the five seasons, respectively. The yield increases(P < 0.05) were no more than 8%. By the end of the third season, no differences in crop yields were found that could be attributed to the organic amendments. The addition of P increased crop yields in each winter cropping season. Phosphorus addition explained more than 30%of the variation in crop yields. Despite marginal P levels and summer drought conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonisation was not affected by the organic amendments. There were no significant interactions between the organic amendments and P addition in terms of crop yields, P uptake or P uptake efficiency. We conclude that much of the effect of the organic amendments was due to direct nutrient addition which dissipated over time.

关键词：西澳大利亚作物产量土壤性质堆肥处理农作物生物炭磷吸收效率有机改良剂

Genome-wide association studies reveal QTL hotspots for grain brightness and black point traits in barley

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The Crop Journal 2021年第1期9卷 154-167页

作者： Yong Jia Sharon Westcott Tianhua He Lee Anne McFawn Tefera Angessa Camila Hill Cong Tan Xiaoqi Zhang Gaofeng Zhou Chengdao Li Western Barley Genetics Alliance MurdochWA 6150Australia State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre(SABC) Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development South PerthWA 6151Australia China National GeneBank Shenzhen 518120GuangdongChina

Grain kernel discoloration(KD)in cereal crops leads to down-grading grain quality and substantial economic losses *** KD tolerant varieties requires a clear understanding of the genetic basis underlying this ***,we generated a high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)map for a diverse barley germplasm and collected trait data from two independent field trials for five KD related traits:grain brightness(TL),redness(Ta),yellowness(Tb),black point impact(Tbpi),and total black point in percentage(Tbpt).Although grain brightness and black point is genetically correlated,the grain brightness traits(TL,Ta,and Tb)have significantly higher heritability than that of the black point traits(Tbpt and Tbpi),suggesting black point traits may be more susceptible to environmental *** genome-wide association studies(GWAS),we identified a total of 37 quantitative trait loci(QTL),including two major QTL hotspots on chromosomes 4H and 7H,*** two QTL hotspots are associated with all five KD *** genetic linkage and gene transcription analyses identified candidate genes for the grain KD,including several genes in the flavonoid pathway and plant *** study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis for the grain KD in barley and would greatly facilitate future breeding programs for improving grain KD resistance.

关键词： Barley Black point Grain brightness GWAS Kernel discoloration SNP markers

Drought can offset potential water use efficiency of forest ecosystems from rising atmospheric CO2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 262-274页

作者： Ning Liu Jatin Kala Shirong Liu Vanessa Haverd Bernard Dell Keith R.J.Smettem Richard J.Harper Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150 Australia Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 10091 China CSIRO Oceans&Atmosphere ACT 2600 Australia

Increasing atmospheric CO2 is both leading to climate change and providing a potential fertilisation effect on plant ***,southern Australia has also experienced a significant decline in rainfall over the last 30 years,resulting in increased vegetative water *** better understand the dynamics and responses of Australian forest ecosystems to drought and elevated CO2,the magnitude and trend in water use efficiency(WUE)of forests,and their response to drought and elevated CO2 from 1982 to 2014 were analysed,using the best available model estimates constrained by observed fluxes from simulations with fixed and time-varying *** ratio of gross primary productivity(GPP)to evapotranspiration(ET)(WUEe)was used to identify the ecosystem scale WUE,while the ratio of GPP to transpiration(Tr)(WUEc)was used as a measure of canopy scale *** increased significantly in northern Australia(p<0.001)for woody savannas(WSA),whereas there was a slight decline in the WUE of evergreen broadleaf forests(EBF)in the southeast and southwest of *** lag of WUEc to drought was consistent and relatively short and stable between biomes(<3 months),but notably varied for WUEe,with a long time-lag(mean of 10 months).The dissimilar responses of WUEe and WUEc to climate change for different geographical areas result from the different proportion of Tr in ***2 fertilization and a wetter climate enhanced WUE in northern Australia,whereas drought offset the CO2 fertilization effect in southern Australia.

关键词： Water use efficiency Elevated CO2 Carbon sequestration,drought Forest Australia

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Genetic dissection of the grain-filling rate and related traits through linkage analysis and genome-wide association study in bread wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2805-2817页

作者： YU Hai-xia DUAN Xi-xian SUN Ai-qing SUN Xiao-xiao ZHANG Jing-juan SUN Hua-qing SUN Yan-yan NING Tang-yuan TIAN Ji-chun WANG Dong-xue LI Hao FAN Ke-xin WANG Ai-ping MA Wu-jun CHEN Jian-sheng State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Group of Wheat Quality BreedingCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China Dezhou Agricultural Protection and Technological Extension Center Dezhou 253000P.R.China Zhongnong Tiantai Seed Co. Ltd.Pingyi 273300P.R.China School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Wheat grain yield is generally sink-limited during grain *** grain-filling rate(GFR)plays a vital role but is poorly studied due to the difficulty of phenotype *** study explored the grain-filling traits in a recombinant inbred population and wheat collection using two highly saturated genetic maps for linkage analysis and genome-wide association study(GWAS).Seventeen stable additive quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were identified on chromosomes 1B,4B,and *** linkage interval between IWB19555 and IWB56078 showed pleiotropic effects on GFR_(1),GFR_(max),kernel length(KL),kernel width(KW),kernel thickness(KT),and thousand kernel weight(TKW),with the phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 13.38%(KW)to 33.69%(TKW).198 significant marker-trait associations(MTAs)were distributed across most chromosomes except for 3D and *** major associated sites for GFR included IWB44469(11.27%),IWB8156(12.56%)and IWB24812(14.46%).Linkage analysis suggested that IWB35850,identified through GWAS,was located in approximately the same region as QGFR_(max)2B.3-11,where two high-confidence candidate genes were *** important grain weight(GW)-related QTLs colocalized with grain-filling *** findings contribute to understanding the genetic architecture of the GFR and provide a basic approach to predict candidate genes for grain yield trait QTLs.

关键词： wheat grain-filling rate linkage analysis genome-wide association study