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Characteristics of atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at *** GAW global station in the inland Eurasia during eighteen years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 92-104页

作者： Miao LIANG Shuangxi FANG Lixin LIU Yong ZHANG Jianqiong WANG Shuo LIU Hongyang WANG Liangchun DENG Meteorological Observation centre(MOC) China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China mt.Waliguan Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Xining 810001China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Environmental Progress Wuhan 430070China

This study presents atmospheric N_(2)O mole fractions measured from discrete air samples from 2001 to 2018 at ***(WLG)station(36°17′N,100°54′E,3816 m asl)in China,which is a global background station of the World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch Programme(WMO/GAW)in central *** N_(2)O characteristics of annual means,interannual variability,and seasonal cycles were *** results show that N_(2)O at WLG possess a distinct increasing trend and a statistically significant seasonal cycle,with an average growth rate of 0.9±0.01 ppb yr^(−1)(1σ)(1ppb=10^(−9)),which is close to the global *** detrended seasonal cycle shows a trough of−0.25±0.04(1σ)ppb in June and a peak of 0.13±0.07(1σ)ppb in September,with an amplitude of 0.38 *** pattern is due to combined effects of variation in surface sources,vertical convection within the boundary layer and stratosphere to troposphere transportation(STE).The interannual variability in growth rate was partly driven by quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)of tropical zonal wind through stratospheric transport into the *** to a cluster analysis of back trajectories and the corresponding average N_(2)O load,most air masses cover arid and semi-arid areas in inner Asia with low N_(2)O emissions,indicating that the atmospheric N_(2)O at the WLG represents the background N_(2)O level in central Eurasia.

关键词： Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) Observation Long-term trend Seasonal variation Interannual variability

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Enhancing Canola Yield and Photosynthesis under Water Stress with Hydrogel Polymers

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1623-1645页

作者： Elham A.Badr Gehan Sh.Bakhoum Mervat Sh.Sadak Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Mohammad Sohidul Islam Ayman El Sabagh Magdi T.Abdelhamid Field Crops Research Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Botany Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Plant Production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12271Saudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Department of Research Centers Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717USA

While Egypt’s canola production per unit area has recently grown,productivity remains low,necessitating increased *** are water-absorbent polymer compounds that can optimize irrigation schedules by increasing the soil’s ability to retain ***,twoﬁeld experiments were conducted to examine hydrogel application to sandy soil on canola growth,biochemical aspects,yield,yield traits,and nutritional quality of yielded seeds grown under water deﬁcit stress *** experiments were conducted by arranging a split-plot layout in a randomized complete block design(RCBD)with three times replications of each *** water stress at 75%or 50%of crop evapotranspiration(ETc)lowered chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,caro-tenoids,and total pigments content,indole-3-acetic acid,plant development,seed yield,and oil and total carbo-hydrates of seed yield,hydrogel treatment enhanced all of the traits mentioned ***,hydrogel enhanced to gather compatible solutes(proline,amino acids,total soluble sugars),phenolics content in leaves,seed protein,and crop water productivity,which increased while the plants were under water *** results revealed that the full irrigation(100%ETc)along with hydrogel compared to water-stressed(50%ETc)led to enhanced seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),Oil(%),and Total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,***,under water-stressed plots with hydrogel exhibited enhancement by 10.0%,3.2%and 5.1%in seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),oil(%),and total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,respec-tively compared to *** a result,the use of hydrogel polymer will be a viable and practical solution for increasing agricultural output under water deﬁcit stress situations.

关键词： Hydrogel oil osmolytes rapeseed yield water stress

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Endovascular Management of Vertebral Artery Aneurysms

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第12期13卷 584-589页

作者： Puay Yong Ng mt elizabeth medical centre Singapore

Background: The management outcome of a series of ruptured vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms was reviewed. Method: This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 60 cases with ruptured VA aneurysms in the author’s database from the year 2004. All cases were managed with coiling, stent-assisted coiling, flow diversion or endovascular parent artery sacrifice. Nimodipine and hypertensive, hypervolemic therapy was applied as standard. Outcome was assessed at 6 months with modified Rankin score (mRS). Results: There were 26 females and 34 males. Age range is 18 to 70 with a mean age of 42. There were 27 dissecting aneurysms and 33 saccular aneurysms. 50 (83%) cases were World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade one to three. There were four WFNS grade four and six WFNS grade five. 25 cases of dissecting aneurysms were managed with parent artery coil occlusion. Two dissecting aneurysms affecting the dominant VA were treated with flow diverters. At 6 months follow up 50 (83%) achieved good outcome with mRS one to two. There were eight cases with poor outcome and two deaths. Six-month follow-up MR angiogram documented stable occlusion for the 24 cases with dissecting aneurysms treated with parent artery coil occlusion who survived. The two treated with flow diversion demonstrated good remodelling at 6 months on angiography. Six-month follow-up angiogram for the 32 cases of saccular aneurysm who survived documented stable aneurysm obliteration. Conclusion: Good outcome can be achieved with endovascular treatment for ruptured VA aneurysms. Parent artery occlusion is a safe and effective technique for ruptured VA dissecting aneurysm.

关键词： Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Dissecting Aneurysm Dissection

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Assessment of spongy moth infestation impacts on forest productivity and carbon loss using the Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing and eddy covariance flux data

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期 231-245页

作者： Nur Hussain Alemu Gonsamo Shusen Wang M.Altaf Arain School of Earth Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate Change Mc Master University Canada centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada

Background Deciduous forests in eastern North America experienced a widespread and intense spongy moth（Lymantria dispar） infestation in 2021. This study quantified the impact of this spongy moth infestation on carbon（C） cycle in forests across the Great Lakes region in Canada, utilizing high-resolution（10 × 10 m2） Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing images and eddy covariance（EC） flux data. Study results showed a significant reduction in leaf area index（LAI） and gross primary productivity（GPP） values in deciduous and mixed forests in the region in *** Remote sensing derived, growing season mean LAI values of deciduous（mixed） forests were 3.66（3.18）, 2.74（2.64）, and 3.53（2.94） m2m-2in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, indicating about 24（14）% reduction in LAI, as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. Similarly, growing season GPP values in deciduous（mixed） forests were 1338（1208）, 868（932）, and 1367（1175） g C m-2, respectively in 2020, 2021 and 2022, showing about 35（22）% reduction in GPP in 2021 as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. This infestation induced reduction in GPP of deciduous and mixed forests, when upscaled to whole study area（178,000 km2）, resulted in 21.1（21.4） mt of C loss as compared to 2020（2022）, respectively. It shows the large scale of C losses caused by this infestation in Canadian Great Lakes *** The methods developed in this study offer valuable tools to assess and quantify natural disturbance impacts on the regional C balance of forest ecosystems by integrating field observations, high-resolution remote sensing data and models. Study results will also help in developing sustainable forest management practices to achieve net-zero C emission goals through nature-based climate change solutions.

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Update on Carotid Stenting and Endarterectomy

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021年第10期12卷 433-440页

作者： Puay Yong NG mt elizabeth medical centre Singapore

The role of carotid stenting and endarterectomy has been evolving over the past few decades. Results of recent randomized trials have added more insights to the indications of the two established interventions for symptomatic moderate to severe stenosis as well as asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Despite a wide range of complication rates in various trials for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, benefits of the two interventions have been consistently demonstrated for symptomatic moderate stenosis as well as asymptomatic severe stenosis albeit with lower benefit margin for asymptomatic disease. Intervention for asymptomatic carotid stenosis should only be considered when the complication rate can be maintained below 3%.

关键词： Carotid Stenosis Stenting

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Emerging radiotherapy technologies and trends in nasopharyngeal cancer

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Cancer Communications 2020年第9期40卷 395-405页

作者： Michelle Tseng Francis Ho Yiat Horng Leong Lea ChoungWong Ivan WK Tham Timothy Cheo Anne WM Lee Radiation Oncology centre Mt Elizabeth Novena HospitalSingapore 329563Singapore Department of Clinical Oncology the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospitalthe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077P.R.China

AbTechnology has always driven advances in radiotherapy *** this review,we describe the main technological advances in radiotherapy over the past decades for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC)and highlight some of the pressing issues and challenges that *** aim to identify emerging trends in radiation *** include advances in personalized medicine and advanced imaging modalities,standardization of planning and delineation,assessment of treatment response and adaptive re-planning,impact of particle therapy,and role of artificial intelligence or automation in clinical *** conclusion,we expect significant improvement in the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy treatment for NPC over the next decade.

关键词： adaptive planning artificial intelligence nasopharyngeal cancer particle therapy personalized medicine radiotherapy

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From oral formulations to drug-eluting implants:using 3D and 4D printing to develop drug delivery systems and personalized medicine

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第1期5卷 85-106页

作者： Niels G.A.Willemen Margaretha A.J.Morsink Devin Veerman Classius F.da Silva Juliana C.Cardoso Eliana B.Souto Patrícia Severino Center for Biomedical Engineering Department of MedicineBrigham and Women&HospitalHarvard Medical School65 Landsdowne StreetMA 02139 CambridgeUSA Department of Developmental BioEngineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Translational Liver Research Department of Medical Cell BioPhysicsTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Targeted Therapeutics Department of Biomaterials Science and TechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering Institute of EnvironmentalChemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of São PauloRua São Nicolau210Diadema 09913‑030Brazil University of Tiradentes(Unit) and Institute of Technology and Research(ITP)Av.Murilo Dantas300Aracaju 49010‑390Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraPólo das Ciências da SaúdeAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000‑548 CoimbraPortugal CEB‑centre of Biological Engineering University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‑057 BragaPortugal Tiradentes Institute 150 Mt Vernon StDorchesterMA 02125USA

Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.

关键词： Drug delivery systems 3D/4D printing Drug-eluting implants Microneedles Oral formulations

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Strategies for fast breeding and improvement of Actinidia species

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 266-270页

作者： Dinum Herath Tianchi Wang Charlotte Voogd Yongyan Peng Mikaela Douglas Joanna Putterill Erika Varkonyi-Gasic Andrew C.Allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research)mt Albert Private Bag 92169Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Perspective Ensuring food security for a rapidly growing world population will need new *** include speed breeding and new breeding technologies,which have been established for major staple *** of woody perennial fruit tree species has progressed at a much slower pace and has met many *** fruit production will face major challenges with climate change,such as the loss of winter chilling needed for f lowering,a potential decrease in pollinator availability,and increasing pest and disease *** chinensis(kiwifruit)is an important fresh fruit crop,with varieties only several generations removed from the wild accessions and carrying only a fraction of the available genetic diversity[1,2].Improvement of traits such as fruit quality and storage,and resistance to emergent diseases underpin the breeding efforts,which are hampered by a long generation time,large plant size,dependence on chilling for budbreak and f lowering,dioecy and different ploidy *** addition to kiwifruit,the genus Actinidia consists of more than 50 species with edible fruit,all showing tremendous potential as future fruit crops[3].Their fast domestication and improvement will enable production of high-quality healthy fruit,contributing to food security in the changing climate conditions.

关键词： breeding crops removed

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Major hurdles of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第2期6卷 327-331页

作者： Liia Akhuba Zhanna Tigai Dmitrii Shek School of Health Sciences Western Sydney UniversitySydneyNSW 2145Australia Accreditation centre RUDN UniversityMoscow 117198Russia Blacktown Clinical School Western Sydney UniversitySydneyNSW 2145Australia Blacktown mt Druitt Hospital SydneyNSW 2145Australia Westmead Institute for medical Research SydneyNSW 2145Australia

In 2030,pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)will become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the ***,neither conventional chemotherapy nor novel immunotherapeutic strategies can provide durable responses and the survival prognosis remains very *** is notorious for its immuneresistant features and unique genomic landscape facilitating tumor escape from *** immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)failed to show promising efficacy and other multi-modal approaches are currently being validated in multiple clinical *** this paper,we provide our opinion on the major mechanisms responsible for PDAC resistance to ICI therapy and provide our view on future strategies which may overcome those barriers.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer immune-checkpoint inhibitors tumor resistance microenvironment

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All-trans retinoic acid inhibits the malignant behaviors of hepatocarcinoma cells by regulating ferroptosis

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第6期9卷 1742-1756页

作者： Yanting Sun Yun He Jishuang Tong Daijiang Liu Haodong Zhang Tongchuan He Yang Bi Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChongqing 400014PR China Department of Pediatric Surgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014PR China Department of Gastroenterology Chongqing Emergency Medical CentreChongqing 400014PR China Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CentreChicagoIL 60637USA

All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)can reverse the malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells,thereby exerting anti-HCC effect;however,the underlying mechanism is yet to be *** study aimed to demonstrate that ATRA is vital to ferroptosis in ***-related genes exhibit different expression in patients with HCC compared to that in healthy individuals.A total of 20 amino acid products were detected in HepG2 cells,the expression level of 5 was decreased after ATRA *** improved the levels of lipid ROS,MDA,and NAPDt/NADPH,and reduced the mt-DNA copy number and changed the structure of mitochondria,in HepG2 and Hep3B *** found the expression of genes positively correlated with ferroptosis to increase and those negatively correlated to decrease with ATRA *** of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin-1 reversed ATRA-inhibited proliferation of HCC cells,along with cell migration and *** synthesis was blocked by ATRA,accompanied by decreased cystine content and increased glutamate content,and downregulation of the expression of GSH synthesis-related *** findings suggested that ATRA inhibited the malignancy of HCC cells by improving ferroptosis,and that inhibition of GSH synthesis contributed to ATRA-induced ferroptosis.

关键词： All-trans retinoic acid Ferroptosis Hepatocarcinoma Invasion Migration

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