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A Malvaceae mystery: A mallow maelstrom of genome multiplications and maybe misleading methods?

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 12-31页

作者： Justin L.Conover Nisa Karimi Noah Stenz Cecile Ane Corrinne E.Grover Cynthia Skema Jennifer A.Tate Kirsten Wolff Samuel A.Logan Jonathan F.Wendel David A.Baum Department of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State University Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison morris arboretum of the university of pennsylvania Institute of Fundamental Sciences Massey University School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Wisconsin Institute for Discovery

Previous research suggests that Gossypium has undergone a 5-to 6-fold multiplication following its divergence from Theobroma. However, the number of events, or where they occurred in the Malvaceae phylogeny remains unknown. We analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data from representatives of eight of the nine Malvaceae subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear data placed Dombeya(Dombeyoideae) as sister to the rest of Malvadendrina clade, but the plastid DNA tree strongly supported Durio(Helicteroideae) in this position. Intraspecific Ks plots indicated that all sampled taxa, except Theobroma(Byttnerioideae), Corchorus(Grewioideae), and Dombeya(Dombeyoideae), have experienced whole genome multiplications(WGMs). Quartet analysis suggested WGMs were shared by Malvoideae-Bombacoideae and Sterculioideae-Tilioideae, but did not resolve whether these are shared with each other or Helicteroideae(Durio).Gene tree reconciliation and Bayesian concordance analysis suggested a complex history. Alternative hypotheses are suggested, each involving two independent autotetraploid and one allopolyploid event. They differ in that one entails an allopolyploid origin for the Durio lineage,whereas the other invokes an allopolyploid origin for Malvoideae-Bombacoideae. We highlight the need for more genomic information in the Malvaceae and improved methods to resolve complex evolutionary histories that may include allopolyploidy, incomplete lineage sorting, and variable rates of gene and genome evolution.

关键词： research data

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Wetting Characteristics of Insect Wing Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 63-70页

作者： Doyoung Byun Jongin Hong Saputra Jin Hwan Ko Young Jong Lee Hoon Cheol Park Bong-Kyu Byun Jennifer R.Lukes Department of Aerospace Information Engineering Artificial Muscle Research CenterKonkuk UniversitySeoul 143-701Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of PennsylvaniaPA 19104USA Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Artificial Muscle Research CenterKonkuk UniversitySeoul 143-701Republic of Korea Korea National arboretum PocheonKyoungki 487-821Republic of Korea

Biological tiny structures have been observed on many kinds of surfaces such as lotus leaves,which have an effect on the coloration of Morpho butterflies and enhance the hydrophobicity of natural *** investigated the micro-scale and nano-scale structures on the wing surfaces of insects and found that the hierarchical multiple roughness structures help in enhancing the *** examining 10 orders and 24 species of flying Pterygotan insects,we found that micro-scale and nano-scale structures typically exist on both the upper and lower wing surfaces of flying *** tiny structures such as denticle or setae on the insect wings enhance the hydrophobicity,thereby enabling the wings to be cleaned more *** the hydrophobic insect wings undergo a transition from Cassie to Wenzel states at pitch/size ratio of about *** order to examine the wetting characteristics on a rough surface,a biomimetic surface with micro-scale pillars is fabricated on a silicon wafer, which exhibits the same behavior as the insect wing,with the Cassie-Wenzel transition occurring consistently around a pitch/width value of 20.

关键词： insect wing superhydrophobicity mimicry hierarchical structure micro- and nano-scale structures Cassie-Wenzel transition

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At the Crossroads： Examining a New Paradigm for Documentaries in the Twenty-First Century

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2014年第6期4卷 345-359页

作者： Thomas J. Brown Andrew J. Longcore Laura Wilson Mary Beth Leidman Indiana university of pennsylvania Indiana USA Ithaca College New York USA Robert morris university Pittsburgh USA

The culture and history of traditional documentaries carries a set of expectations about types and topics, which are covered by the genre. Documentaries are designed to push social agendas with few thoughts to the audience reaction. They align more closely with the vision of the creators and producers, often delivering ideological expressions that present cultural, political, and historical content. However, this might be a voice from the past as television, film, and consumer-generated content finds easy voices for expression due to accessibility of technology in the digital era. The role of documentaries as a genre is in the process of changing. The challenges to this type of production are the result of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Production costs for creating documentaries have simultaneously soared and shrunk, depending on the accessibility of equipment, post-production facilities and distribution. Of course there are many exceptions to this rule given outlets such as film festivals and YouTube as well as Michael Moore-level auteurs. External influences center on the blurring of lines, caused by the proliferation of television programs under the ＂umbrella＂ of reality television. This, in turn, begs the question： Is reality programming the new documentary or is it a new separate genre？ This discussion will explore the overlap and similarities that exist between documentary programming and reality television programming. Furthermore, it will develop a paradigm of comparisons that re-examines the role and character of documentary production and aesthetics within the landscape of the reality television genre.

关键词： documentary reality television comparison paradigm technology future

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Opioid growth factor and the treatment of human pancreatic cancer:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2218-2223页

作者： Ian S Zagon Patricia J McLaughlin Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 United States

Opioid growth factor (OGF), chemically termed [Met5]-enkephalin, and its receptor, OGF receptor (OGFr), form a biological axis that tonically regulates cell proliferation by delaying the G1/S interface of the cell cycle under homeostatic conditions or in neoplasia. Modulation of the OGF-OGFr pathway mediates the course of pancreatic cancer, with exogenous OGF or upregulation of OGFr repressing growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in culture and in nude mice. OGF therapy alone or in combination with standard chemotherapies such as gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil results in enhanced inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor growth. Molecular manipulation of OGFr confirms that the receptor is specific for OGF’s inhibitory action. Preclinical studies have warranted Phase I and Phase II clinical trials using OGF infusions as a treatment for patients with advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancers. OGF, an endogenous neuropeptide, is a safe, non-toxic, and effective biotherapy that utilizes the OGF-OGFr axis to mediate pancreatic tumor progression.

关键词： Enkephalins DNA synthesis Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Opioids Nude mice Receptor transfection

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Neoadjuvant chemoradiation is associated with decreased lymph node ratio in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer:A propensity score matched analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第1期20卷 74-79页

作者： June S Peng Gareth morris-Stiff Noaman S Ali Jane Wey Sricharan Chalikonda Kevin M El-Hayek R Matthew Walsh Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of MedicineHersheyPA 17033-0850USA Department of General Surgery Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195-0001USA

Background:Lymph node ratio(LNR)and margin status have prognostic significance in pancreatic *** we examined the pathologic and clinical outcomes in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer(BRPC)following neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)and ***:Patients who underwent treatment between January 1,2012 and June 30,2017 were *** patients in the BRPC group were compared to a propensity score matched cohort of patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic cancer who underwent upfront surgical *** BRPC group was also compared to sequential patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic cancer who required vein resection(VR)during upfront ***:There were 50 patients in the BRPC group,50 patients in the matched control group,and 38 patients in the VR *** margins(R0)were seen in 72%,64%,and 34%of the BRPC,control,and VR groups,respectively(P=0.521 for BRPC ***;P=0.002 for BRPC ***),with 24%of the BRPC group requiring a vascular *** stage was N0 in 64%,20%,and 18%of the BRPC,control,and VR groups,respectively(P<0.001 for BRPC *** or VR).When nodal status was stratified into four groups(N0,or LNR≤0.2,0.2–0.4,≥0.4),the BRPC group had a more favorable distribution(P<0.001).The median overall survival were 28.8,38.6,and 19.0 months for the BRPC,control,and VR groups,respectively(log-rank P=0.096).Conclusions:NAT in BRPC was associated with more R0 and N0 resections and lower LNR compared to patients undergoing upfront resection for resectable disease.

关键词： Neoadjuvant therapy Lymph node ratio Pancreatic cancer Borderline resectable Vein resection

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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo Jan F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael J.Lawes Patrick A.Omeja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere university Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

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CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTINUOUS SELECTIONS FOR METRIC PROJECTIONS IN C(Ⅹ)

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Science in China,Ser.A 1988年第9期 1039-1052页

作者：李武 Hangzhou university Depatment of Mathematics The pennsylvania State university university Park PA.16802 U.S.A

In 1969, Lazar, morris and Wulbert gave a necessary condition of OCC(X) whose metric projection P_G has s continuous selection. In this paper, we show that the necessary condition mentioned above is also sufficient for the existence of continuous selections for P_G. As abonus, we prove that P_G has a continuous selection if and only if P_G is almost lower semicontinuity.

关键词： Continuous selection metric projection semi-continuous characterization finite-dimension.

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Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 542-552,I0026-I0032页

作者： Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen Muhammad M Qureshi Hiroshi Yamagami Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossama Y Mansour Mohamad Abdalkader Michael Frankel Zhongming Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Omer F Eker Laura Mechtouff Michel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lima Francisco Mont'Alverne Wazim Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai Mahmoud Mohammaden Alhamza R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore Mangiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalumeau Saima Ahmad Umair Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John Emma Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Hammami Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian Hormuzdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Romain Bourcier Romain Guile Melanie Walker Malveeka Sharma Don Frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-Mufti Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir Ozlem Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles Matouk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan Michael Chen Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor Mendes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro SC Magalhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Mudassir Farooqui Amal Abou-Hamden Tatsuo Amano Ryoo Yamamoto Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann Roberto Crosa Markus Möhlenbruch Simon Nagel Hosam Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera James E Siegler Achmad Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianmarco Bernava Paolo Machi Daniel G Abud Octavio M Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P Mehta Naoto Kimura Mamoru Murakami Jin Soo Lee Ji Man Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve M Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas Mario Martinez-Galdamez Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa Fonseca M Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Simon John Alex Brehm Marios Psychogios William J Mack Matthew Tenser Tatemi Todaka Miki Fujimura Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokimura Rakesh Khatri Michael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi Murayama Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong Mohamed Teleb Jeremy Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke Miyake Junsuke Shimbo Yusuke Sug Neurology RadiologyBoston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Marcus Stroke&Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Radiology Radiation OncologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurosurgery National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalOsakaJapan Neurology Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt Radiology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalChongqingChina Neurosurgery University of Cape TownRondeboschWestern CapeSouth Africa Neurosurgery Interventional NeuroradiologyClinica La Sagrada FamiliaBuenos AiresArgentina Neuroradiologie Neurologie VasculaireHospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Neurologie Vasculaire Hospices Civils de LyonLyonAuvergne-Rhône AlpesFrance Interventional Neuroradiology Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParisÎle-de FranceFrance Neurology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Interventional Neuroradiology Hospital Geral de FortalezaFortalezaBrazil Neuroradiology Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Department of Neurosurgery Kobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeHyogoJapan Interventional Neurovascular Unit University Hospital CareggiFirenzeToscanaItaly Neuroradiology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Interventional Neuroradiology Hopital BicetreLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Stroke and Interventional Neuroradiology Lahore General HospitalLahorePakistan Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Department of Radiology Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland Neurology Stroke UnitHospital-Estadual CentralVitoriaBrazil Neuroradiology Instituto de Neurocirugia Dr AsengoSantiagoChile Interventional Neuroradiology Institut National de NeurologieTunisTunisia Neurology Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurosurgery Boston Medical Center

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were *** study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar *** We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke *** with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,*** 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May *** prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal *** There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative *** analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this *** There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 *** findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction.

关键词： diagnosis representing subarachnoid

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