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Relationship Between soil and water conservation Practices and soil Conditions in Low Mountain and Hilly Region of Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第2期24卷 147-162页

作者： ZHANG Yubin CAO Ning XU Xiaohong ZHANG Feng YAN Fei ZHANG Xinsheng TANG Xinlong State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College of Plant Science Jilin University soil and water conservation Institute of Jilin Province monitoring Center of soil and water conservation Songliao Water Resources CommissionMinistry of Water Resources

The soil and water conservation practices of ecological restoration(ER),fish scale pit(FP),furrow and ridge tillage across the slope(FR),shrub strips(SS),and vegetation-covered ridge(VR)are characteristic of the Jixing small watershed of the low mountain and hilly region of Jilin Province,Northeast *** study aims to elucidate the effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil conditions after the short-term implementation of *** samples were collected from five soil and water conservation sites(ER,FP,FR,SS,and VR)and two controls(BL and CT)to investigate their *** evaluate the influence of soil and water conservation practices on soil quality,an integrated quantitative index,soil quality index(QI),was developed to compare the soil quality under the different soil and water conservation *** results show that not all soil and water conservation practices can improve the soil conditions and not all soil properties,especially soil organic carbon(SOC),can be recovered under soil and water conservation practice in ***,the QI in the five soil and water conservation practices and two controls was in the following order:ER>VR>BL>FR>CT>SS>*** exhibited a higher soil quality value on a slope *** the low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China,ER is a better choice than the conversion of farmlands to planted grasslands and woodlands early in the soil and water conservation program.

关键词： soil and water conservation practices soil property soil organic carbon low mountain and hilly region Northeast China

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Responses of vegetation cover to the Grain for Green Program and their driving forces in the He-Long region of the middle reaches of the Yellow River

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 511-520页

作者： JianXiang LIU ZhiGuang LI XiaoPing ZHANG Rui LI XianChun LIU HanYang ZHANG State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences soil and water conservation monitoring centre the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China Workers Sanatorium of the Yellow River

The implementation of the Grain for Green Program is a great breakthrough in the history of China＇s ecological environment construction,which can control soil erosion effectively,increase land productivity and improve the ecological *** investigate the eco-environmental benefits brought by the Grain for Green Program,the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover in the growing season from 2000 to 2010 across the Hekou-Longmen （He-Long） region were analyzed by using remote sensing information,meteorological data and land use ***,the impacts of climate and human activities on vegetation change were evaluated *** vegetation cover in the growing season increased very *** vegetation cover occurred in 98.7％ of the region,of which the area for vegetation cover improved slightly constituted 79.8％ of the whole *** moderately improved was mainly distributed in the south of the He-Long region,covering 9.6％ of the area,and the area for vegetation basically unchanged concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the Wuding *** was found to be an important natural factor influencing vegetation cover *** area of vegetation cover showing a significantly positive correlation with precipitation occupied 22.14％ of the *** driven by policies from the Grain for Green Program,forestland increased significantly and land use structure became more *** activities played a positive and effective role in the protection,restoration and improvement of vegetation in the places where vegetation cover was basically unchanged,even though precipitation declined greatly,and vegetation improved moderately with massive increases of forestland and grassland.

关键词： vegetation cover precipitation land use the Grain for Green Program the He-Long region

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Flow regime changes in three catchments with different landforms following ecological restoration in the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第1期12卷 44-57页

作者： LUO Zhidong LIU Erjia QI Shi ZHAO Nan SUN Yun College of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China water and soil conservation monitoring Center of Ministry of water Resources Beijing 100053China Key Laboratory of soil and water conservation of State Forestry Administration Beijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Shanxi Institute of soil and water conservation Taiyuan 030045China

The Chinese Loess Plateau is known as one of the most severe soil erosion regions in the *** ecological restoration projects,i.e.,the integrated soil conservation project since the 1970s and the''Grain for Green''project since 1999,have been progressively implemented to control the soil erosion in this *** restoration has greatly changed flow regime over the past five ***,the mechanism of how flow regime responds to ecological restoration among landforms remains poorly *** this study,we investigated the temporal dynamics of flow regime in three catchments,i.e.,Wuqi,Honghe and Huangling hydrological stations,respectively representing the loess hilly-gully,loess table-gully and rocky mountain(covered by secondary forest)areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau,using daily hydrological data during the 1960s–*** nonparametric Mann-Kendall test,Pettitt's test and daily flow series were used to investigate the changes of flow *** negative trends of annual streamflow were detected at the Wuqi and Honghe stations,except for the Huangling *** annual baseflow at the Wuqi station showed a significantly positive trend whereas a significantly negative trend was observed at the Honghe station,and there was no significant trend at the Huangling *** was interesting that baseflow index significantly increased during the whole period in all ***,the trends and change points of daily flow series derived by different percentages of exceedance and extreme series in different consecutive days varied among *** on the change points analysis of annual streamflow,we divided data series into three periods,i.e.,the baseline period(from 1959 and 1963 to 1979,PI),the integrated soil conservation period(1980–1999,PII)and the''Grain for Green''period(2000–2011,PIII).We found that streamflow decreased due to the reduction of high streamflow(exceeding 5%of time within a year)and median streamflow(50%)

关键词： change point extreme series hydrological data soil erosion streamflow changes

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Runoff and Infiltration responses of revegetated slopes to clipping management on the northern Loess Plateau

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International soil and water conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 171-183页

作者： Qilin He Binbin Li Fengbao Zhang Nan Shen Mingyi Yang The Research Center of soil and water conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China water and soil conservation monitoring Center of Ministry of water Resources Beijing100053China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem *** management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional ***,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN *** results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping *** light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping *** intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope *** intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall *** mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on *** order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil *** propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriat

关键词： Runoff Infiltration Grassland clipping management SCS-CN model Structural equation model Variation partitioning

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Overland flow resistance and its components for slope surfaces covered with gravel and grass

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International soil and water conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 273-283页

作者： Lan Ma Chengzhong Pan Jingjing Liu Key Laboratory of State Administration of Forestry and Grassland on soil and water conservation School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology College of Water SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China soil and water conservation monitoring Center of Haihe Basin of Haihe water Resources Commission of the Ministry of water Resources Tianjin300170China

Overland flow resistance plays an important role in predicting hillslope hydrological and erosion pro-cesses on *** surfaces covered with grass and/or gravel may increase hydraulic resistance to overland flow,but there is little information on the determination on these resistance components in a composite *** this study,the smooth and sand-bed surfaces covered with different gravel or/and grass(cover degree¼2.5%,5%,10%,15%,20%)under five slope gradients(3,6,9,12,15)were subjected to inflows to investigate the hydraulic resistance and validate the sum law of resistance *** results showed that,the overland flow mainly belonged to transition or turbulent and supercritical flow regime with 150soil and water conservation measures in the rocky and mountainous areas.

关键词： Overland flow Resistance Grass Gravel Sum law

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soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass C and N Availability in a Sandy soil Amended with Clay and Residue Mixtures

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 643-651页

作者： Sharmistha PAL Petra MARSCHNER ICAR-Indian Institute of soil and water conservation Research Centre School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Crop yields in sandy soils can be increased by addition of clay-rich soil, but little is known about the effect of clay addition on nutrient availability after addition of plant residues with different C/N ratios. A loamy sandy soil （7% clay） was amended with a clay-rich subsoil （73% clay） at low to high rates to achieve soil mixtures of 12%, 22%, and 30% clay, as compared to a control （sandy soil alone） with no clay addition. The sandy-clay soil mixtures were amended with finely ground plant residues at 10 g kg-l： mature wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 68, mature faba bean （Vicia faba L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 39, or their mixtures with different proportions （0% 100%, weight percentage） of each straw. soil respiration was measured over days 0-45 and microbial biomass C （MBC）, available N, and pH on days 0, 15, 30, and 45. Cumulative respiration was not clearly related to the C/N ratio of the residues or their mixtures, but C use efficiency （cumulative respiration per unit of MBC on day 15） was greater with faba bean than with wheat and the differences among the residue mixtures were smaller at the highest clay addition rate. The MBC concentration was lowest in sole wheat and higher in residue mixtures with 50% of wheat and faba bean in the mixture or more faba bean. soil N availability and soil pH were lower for the soil mixtures of 22% and 30% clay compared to the sandy soil alone. It could be concluded that soil cumulative respiration and MBC concentration were mainly influenced by residue addition, whereas available N and pH were influenced by clay addition to the sandy soil studied.

关键词： available N C use efficiency C/N ratio cumulative respiration nutrient availability pH plant residues

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Effect of shrub-grass vegetation coverage and slope gradient on runoff and sediment yield under simulated rainfall

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第1期36卷 29-37页

作者： Dandan Han Jingcheng Deng Chaojun Gu Xingmin Mu Peng Gao Jianjian Gao State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University Yangtze River Basin monitoring Center Station for soil and water conservation Changjiang Water Resources Commission Suide Test Station of water and soil conservation Yellow River Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources

Evaluating the benefits of sediment and runoff reduction in different vegetation types is essential for studying the mechanisms of soil and water conservation on the Loess *** experiment was conducted in shrub-grass plots with nine levels of mixed vegetation coverage from 0% to 70%,three slopes(10°,15°,and 20°) and two rainfall intensities(1.0 and 2.5 mm/min).The results showed that the vegetation coverage and slope gradient significantly affect runoff and sediment ***-grass vegetation coverage had a significant effect on the runoff start-time,runoff flow velocity,runoff rate,and soil erosion rate on *** vegetation coverage could effectively delay the runoff starttime and decrease the runoff flow ***,the effects of the slope gradient on runoff and sediment yield are opposite to those of vegetation ***-grass vegetation coverage could effectively increase runoff and sediment yield reduction benefits,while their benefits were affected by the rainfall *** the 1.0 mm/min rainfall intensity,the reduction in the sediment production rate was greater than that under the 2.5 mm/min ***,when the shrub-grass vegetation coverage exceeded 42%,the runoff reduction benefit was more obvious at higher rainfall *** cumulative sediment yield increased with increasing cumulative runoff,and the rate of increase in the cumulative runoff was greater than that of the cumulative sediment yield with increasing of shrub-grass vegetation ***,there was a power function relationship between cumulative sediment yield and cumulative runoff yield(P <0.05).Our paper is expected to provide a good reference on the ecological environment and vegetation construction on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Simulated rainfall Shrub-grass coverage Slope Runoff and sediment yield

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Rainfall and Tillage Impacts on soil Erosion of Sloping Cropland with Subtropical Monsoon Climate- A Case Study in Hilly Purple soil area, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 134-144页

作者： TANG Jia-liang CHENG Xun-qiang ZHU Bo GAO Mei-rong WANG Tao ZHANG Xi-feng ZHAO Pei YOU Xiang Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Provincial monitoring Station of soil and water conservation

Under global warming, storm events tend to intensify, particularly in monsoon-affected regions. As an important agricultural area in China, the purple soil region in the Sichuan Basin, where it has a prevailing monsoon climate, is threatened by serious soil erosion. Tillage operations alter runoff and soil erosion processes on croplands by changing the physical properties of the soil surface. To clarify the relationship between tillage and soil erosion in the purple soil region, three different tillage practices in this region were investigated at the plot scale over 4 years： bare land with minimum tillage （BL）, conventional tillage （CT） and seasonal no-tillage ridges （SNTR） which was initially designed to prevent soil erosion by contoured ridges and no-tillage techniques. The results showed that although there were no significant differences in the surface runoff and soil erosion among the three oractices, BL caused relatively high surface runoff and soil erosion, followed by CT and SNTR. Classification and comparison of the rainfall events based on cluster analysis （CA） verified that the surface runoff was not significantly different between most intensive event and long intensive events but was significantly different between most intensive and short and medium-duration events. Only the rainfall events with the highest rainfall intensity could trigger serious soil erosion, up to 1000 kg ha^-1 in the region. Further detailed investigations on the effects of tillage operations on the soil erosion in a subtropical region with a monsoon climate are needed to provide a basis for modeling catchments and designing better management practices.

关键词： soil erosion Purple soil Tillage types Rainfall intensity Cluster analysis.

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Methods for automatic identification and extraction of terraces from high spatial resolution satellite data(China-GF-1)

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International soil and water conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 17-25页

作者： Yi Zhang Mingchang Shi Xin Zhao Xiaojing Wang Zhidong Luo Yuan Zhao Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083China Beijing Datum Technology Development CO. LTD.Beijing 100084China monitoring centre of soil and water conservation Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100053China

Terraces are effective measures to control soil and water loss on hillslopes and play significant roles in water storage,soil conservation and increasing of crop *** the launch of comprehensive management engineering of transforming slopes into terraces in China,the area of terraces is continuously *** plan for soil and water conservation in a scientific way and ensure rational soil and water conservation measures,it is important to determine a timely and accurate inventory of the spatial distribution of the existing ***-resolution satellite data(China GF-1)was used in this study to automatically identify and extract *** edge characteristics statistics algorithm,template-matching algorithm and the Fourier transformation algorithm were *** results suggest that the template-matching algorithm,based on high gray features of terraces,has higher identification accuracy and lower extraction miss rate,and is able to determines the complete map spots,which works well for identification and extraction of typical *** Fourier transformation algorithm,based on the texture of the terraces,is easily affected by gray changes on the terrace field surfaces and field ridges and is hardly reliable as a stand-alone technique for terrace *** this study,we focused on an area near Hengshan County,Yulin of Shanxi Province,and performed field validation of the terrace automatic identification and extraction *** results suggest that the accuracy of automatic identification and extraction of the terraces is greater than 80%.The method proposed is helpful to meet the requirements for planning and monitoring soil and water conservation projects.

关键词： Terraces Remote sensing Edge characteristics Fourier transformation China-GF-1

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Intensified cropping reduces soil erosion and improves rainfall partitioning and soil properties in the marginal land of the Indian Himalayas

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International soil and water conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 521-533页

作者： Devideen Yadav Deepak Singh Subhash Babu Madhu Madegowda Dharamvir Singh Debashis Mandal Avinash Chandra Rathore Vinod Kumar Sharma Vibha Singhal Anita Kumawat Dinesh Kumar Yadav Rajendra Kumar Yadav Surender Kumar ICAR-Indian Institute of soil and water conservation DehradunUttarakhand248195India Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR-Indian Institute of soil and water conservation Research CentreKotaRajasthan324002India ICAR-Indian Institute of soil Science BhopalMadhya Pradesh462038India Agriculture University KotaRajasthan324001India ICAR-Indian Institute of soil and water conservation Research CentreKoraputOdisha763002India

Environmental crises,land degradation,declining factor productivity,and farm profitability questioned the sustainability of linear economy-based existing agricultural production ***,there is a dire need to design and develop circular economy-based production systems to meet the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food ***,the productive capacity,natural resource conserving ability,and biomass recycling potential of four intensified maize-based systems ***(Zea mays)+sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)-wheat,maize+colocasia(Colocasia esculenta)-wheat,maize+turmeric(Curcuma longa),and maize+ginger(Zingiber officinale)were tested consecutively for three years(2020,2021 and 22)in a fixed plot manner at Dehradun region of the Indian Himalaya against the existing maize-wheat *** result showed that the maize+sweet potato-wheat system significantly reduced runoff loss(166.3 mm)over the maize-wheat *** highest through fall(68.12%)and the lowest stem flow(23.54%)were recorded with sole *** the contrary,the maize+sweet potato system has the highest stem flow(36.15%)and the lowest through ***,the maize+sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha^(-1)higher maize pro-ductivity over the maize-wheat ***,the maize+sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture(19.3%),infiltration rate(0.95 cm h^(-1)),and organic carbon(0.78%)over the rest of the *** maize+sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen(299.2 kg ha^(-1)),phosphorus,(31.0 kg ha^(-1)),and potassium(276.2 kg ha^(-1))into the soil ***,it can be inferred that concurrent cultivation of sweet potato,with maize,is a soil-supportive,resource-conserving,and productive production model and can be recommended for achieving the circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.

关键词： Crop productivity Erosion Infiltration Runoff soil sedimentation

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