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Using UNAIDS’s organizing framework to assess Nigeria’s national HIV monitoring and evaluation system

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 372-378页

作者： Kayode Ogungbemi Kola A. Oyediran Stephanie Mullen Anne LaFond Aderemi Azeez David Boone Tendayi Ndori Mharadze Natasha Kanagat Akinyemi Atobatele Measure evaluation Project John Snow Inc. Washington D.C. USA monitoring and evaluation Zimbabwe AIDS Network Harare Nigeria National AIDS and STIs Control Programme Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Strategic Knowledge Management National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) Abuja Nigeria USAID/Nigeria Abuja Nigeria

The Nigeria National Response Management Information System (NNRIMS), developed in 2004 as a framework for monitoring and evaluating the country’s response to HIV, does not function at an optimum level due to several challenges, including a confusing proliferation of vertical reporting systems, competition among sectors, and the nascent nature of the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) sub-systems within many institutions. An assessment of the existing M&E system was conducted to verify whether the system has the capacities to provide essential data for monitoring the epidemic and identifying critical programming gaps. Nigeria’s National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) used an organizing framework for a national HIV M&E system developed by UNAIDS, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the NNRIMS to generate data for evidence-based decisionmaking. The participatory approach used during an assessment workshop ensured that the process was country-led and -owned to build consensus and local capacity, and that it encouraged adoption of a single national-level multisectoral HIV M&E system. The assessment found an operable M&E system at the national level but a much weaker system at the state and local levels and across seven other sectors. There are multiple data collection and reporting tools at the facility level that lead to vertical reporting systems, which increases the burden of reporting at lower levels, especially by service providers. Human resources are being developed, but problems remain with the quantity and quality of staff. Data use, though evident at the national level, is still very weak among five of the seven sectors assessed. The assessment results have been used to develop a national costed M&E workplan to which all stakeholders contributed in a coordinated response to strengthen the system.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Nigeria 12 Components M&E System

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Comparison between Two Bioassays in monitoring and evaluation of Water Quality

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2012年第3期3卷 49-52页

作者： XU Ya-ping LIU Feng-zhi LIU Yan SHAO Xiao-long Agro-Environmental Protection and monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture Tianjin 300191China Tianjin Academy of Environ-mental Sciences Tianjin 300191China

[ Objective] The aim was to compare the application of two bioassays to monitoring and evaluation of water quality. [ Method ] By using two bioassays （micronucleus detecting technology based on Vicia faba root tip cells and the bioassay by luminous bacteria）, we monitored and evaluated seven kinds of single solutions respectively added different pollutants （ Hg, Cd, As, Cr6 ＋ , Pb, I_A8 and CODc,） and a mixed solution added those seven pollutants. Afterwards, we compared their results under the same pollutant and concentration, so as to study the two bioassays＇ sensitivity and sensitive concentration to the seven pollutants. [ Result] Under the same pollutant and concentration, micronucleus detecting tech- nology based on Vicia faba root tip cells had responses to Hg, Cd, As and Cr6＋ , but there was no response to Pb, LAS and CODer. However, the bioassay by luminous bacteria had responses to most pollutants except Cr6＋. Comparing the sensitive degree and concentration to each pollutant, they can complement each other. For these seven pollutants, the bioassay by luminous bacteria was better than micronucleus detecting technology based on Vicia faba root tip cells. Meanwhile, from the testing result of the mixed solution, the combined toxicity of several pollutants in lower con- cantrations was serious. At the same time, contrasted to normal chemical methods, bioassays were fast and effective. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the correlation study of bioassays.

关键词： Bioassay Water quality monitoring evaluation China

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Are monitoring and evaluation systems adequate to report the programmatic coverage of HIV services among key populations in countries?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 75-81页

作者： Jinkou Zhao Sonia Arias Garcia Ed Ngoksin Jesus Maria Garcia Calleja Chinelo Ogbuanu Sandra Kuzmanovska Nicholas Oliphant David Lowrance Nathalie Zorzi Peter M.Hansen Keith Sabin The Global Fund to fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaChemin du Pommier 40Grand-Saconnex 1218GenevaSwitzerland Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanjingChina Strateg ic Information and evaluation Department the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDSGenevaSwitzerland Department of HIV/AIDS World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

There was no global guidance or agreement regarding when a country has an adequate system to report on the service packages among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)key *** article describes an approach to categorizing the system in a country for reporting the service package among HIV key *** approach consists of four dimensions,namely the epidemiological significance,comprehensiveness of the service packages,geographic coverage of services,and adequacy of the monitoring *** proposed categorization approach utilizes available information and can inform the improvement of the service delivery and monitoring systems among HIV key populations.

关键词： services among service

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Development and Field evaluation of a Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network System for Hydrological monitoring of a Small Agricultural Watershed

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 166-182页

作者： Kishor Panjabi Ramesh Rudra Stefano Gregori Pradeep Goel Prasad Daggupati Rituraj Shukla Balew Mekonnen School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada Environmental monitoring and Reporting Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment Etobicoke Canada

Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Network Low-Cost Hydrological monitoring Real-Time Data Collection Agricultural Watershed

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Stability evaluation for steep bank slope with microseismic monitoring in Three Gorges Reservoir area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1588-1601页

作者： XIE Qing-ming LONG Kui LI Zi-mu CHEN Li-chuan LIU Hong XU Hong HE Fei LIANG Dan XIANG Xue-kun MA Qiang Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering Chongqing 401331China Technology Innovation Center of Geohazards Automatic monitoring Ministry of Natural ResourcesChongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral ResourcesChongqing 401120China College of Computer and Information Science College of Software Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Rail Transit Design and Research Institute Chongqing 401122China

Rock slide is one of the common geohazard in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and it affects the shipping of the Yangtze River and the safety of people living on the banks. In order to investigate the internal fracturing mechanism of rock mass, distributed microseismic monitoring network was arranged with 15 three component geophones(3C geophones), deployed at borehole and out of the sliding mass in the unstable Dulong slope. Stein Unbiased Risk Estimation(SURE) method was used to noise suppression for the microseismic record, and decomposition parameters of the Continuous Wavelet Transform(CWT) were determined with maximum energy of correlation coefficient(MECC) method. The signal-to-noise ratio was tripled after the process, and source parameters are obtained with full waveform inversion. The rupture volume model was counted by the irregular grid statistics with the events’ density. It shows that the rock slide is of a small scale and composed of a single block. Moreover, the relationship among microseismicity, displacement and rainfall were discussed in the paper. The deformation rate was dramatically changed in the period of intensive events. There is a good consistency especially in the rainfall period. Although there is a time delay, continuous rainfall is more likely to cause the increase of microseismic events. The results show that the Dulong slope is a shallow rock slide in the state of creep deformation, and the rupture mechanism of the rock mass is left-lateral normal fault with shear failure. The research provides more key information for the early warning and prevention of rock slides and helps to reduce the risk of geohazards.

关键词： Stability evaluation Microseismic monitoring Rock slide Rainfall Displacement

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Interaction of Land Demand and Supply Effects in Intensive Land Use: a Simulation Study for Chengdu,China

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2015年第4期32卷 636-641页

作者：辜寄蓉陈先伟江浏光艳杨海龙于有翔 Key Laboratory of Land Resources evaluation and monitoring in Southwest The Bureau of Land and Resources of Chengdu

Intensive land use( ILU) policies affect the demand and supply of land. These policies promote efficient land use, and demands for land must therefore be evaluated in terms of the level of land-use intensity. If the demand is considered excessive, ILU policies act like a "valve"to restrict the land supply. Drawing on data from Chengdu,China,where developable land is scarce,we construct a model using system dynamics( SD) to simulate two scenarios: ILU development and non-ILU development. The results show that when ILU leads to positive land-use efficiency,land supply will exceed demand,resulting in an appropriate level of real demand for the current population level and GDP. Thus,artificial demand( inflated by investors) is reduced. By contrast,when non-ILU leads to negative land-use efficiency,land demand will exceed supply. In this scenario,artificial demand is higher than real demand.

关键词： land demand and supply intensive land use(ILU) developable land land area system dynamics(SD)

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Comparative Analysis and Comprehensive evaluation of Fishery Water Quality of the Major Lakes in Jiangsu Province Based on Long-term monitoring Data

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Asian Agricultural Research 2015年第9期7卷 73-77页

作者： Wei WANG Xiangke FAN Chungui HUANG Hao ZHENG Zhijun CHEN Baohong FAN Chenwu XU College of Agriculture Yangzhou University Jiangsu Fishery Environment monitoring Center Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The variance analysis of fishery water quality data of five lakes from 2001 to 2011( except 2004) was performed to compare the difference of the monitoring indicators among the five above-mentioned lakes in Jiangsu Province. And TOPSIS method was employed to give comprehensive comparison of water quality of the five lakes. The results indicated that the difference of 14 major water quality indicators was very significant among lakes except copper. In addition,transparency,total nitrogen,total phosphorus had very significant difference among stations for each lake; p H,chemical oxygen demand,oil,total phosphorus,lead,cadmium,mercury had significant or very significant difference among years for each station. The TOPSIS results showed that the fishery water quality of Gaobaoshaobo Lake was the best,and Luoma Lake was just second to it,followed by Hongze Lake,Taihu Lake and Gehu Lake. In combination with the geographic position of each lake,it showed that fishery water quality of the five investigated lakes was basically increasingly better from the south to the north in Jiangsu Province,and the trend revealed high association with the developed industrial economy.

关键词： Lake Fishery water quality Comprehensive compariso

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Construction of lake bathymetry from MODIS satellite data and GIS from 2003 to 2011

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第3期32卷 720-731页

作者：严翼肖飞杜耘 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation

In recent years, sedimentation conditions in Dongting Lake have varied greatly because of signifi cant changes in runoff and sediment load in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River following the construction of Three Gorges Dam. The topography of the lake bottom has changed rapidly because of the intense exchange of water and sediment between the lake and the Changjiang River. However, time series information on lake-bottom topographic change is lacking. In this study, we introduced a method that combines remote sensing data and in situ water level data to extract a record of Dongting Lake bottom topography from 2003 to 2011. Multi-temporal lake land/water boundaries were extracted from MODIS images using the linear spectral mixture model method. The elevation of water/land boundary points were calculated using water level data and spatial interpolation techniques. Digital elevation models of Dongting Lake bottom topography in different periods were then constructed with the multiple heighted waterlines. The mean root-mean-square error of the linear spectral mixture model was 0.036, and the mean predicted error for elevation interpolation was-0.19 m. Compared with fi eld measurement data and sediment load data, the method has proven to be most applicable. The results show that the topography of the bottom of Dongting Lake has exhibited uneven erosion and deposition in terms of time and space over the last nine years. Moreover, lake-bottom topography has undergone a slight erosion trend within this period, with 58.2% and 41.8% of the lake-bottom area being eroded and deposited, respectively.

关键词： Dongting Lake geomorphy time-series maps remote sensing MODIS data water level

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Reaction mechanism of fluoride conversion into BF^(4-) during sulphuric acid leaching of roasted bastnaesite

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第2期39卷 186-193页

作者： Hongcheng Zhang Dairui Xie Heng Zhang Meng Jiang Hao Huang Yu Wan Yang Liao Shilin Zhao College of Chemistry and Material Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Key Laboratory of Land Resources evaluation and monitoring in Southwest Ministry of Education of ChinaChengdu 610068China

The bastnaesite used in hydrometallurgy usually contains 7%-11% fluorine,and the conversion of fluorine into high-value products is the key to achieving green production of rare earths and improving the comprehensive utilization of *** order to recover fluorine from bastnaesite in the form of KBF4,the mechanism of F^(-)conversion to BF^(4-)in sulphuric acid leaching solution of roasted bastnaesite was studied by using Eh-pH diagram and simulation *** shows that the formation of BF^(4-)is affected by pH in the absence of rare ***^(4-)is hydrolyzed to BF3 OH-and F-when the pH is greater than 3.9,and part of F-exists as HF^(2-)when pH is lower than *** the presence of La^(3+),the formation of BF^(4-)is mainly affected by LaF_(3) when pH is greater than 0,and in the case that the pH is lower than 2,it is mainly affected by HF^(2-).When Ce4+is present in solution,CeF_(2)^(2+) can exist stably in sulphuric acid *** down the pH can reduce the stability of CeF_(2)^(2+) and increase the BF^(4-)conversion *** on these results,KBF4 was prepared in the alkaline solution of bastnaesite,and the conversion of BF^(4-)is 84.31%.This provides a theoretical basis for the recovery of fluorine from bastnaesite in the form of KBF_(4).

关键词： BF^(4-) Bastnaesite E_(h)-pH diagram Sulphuric acid leaching Rare earths

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Adsorptive removal of tetracycline from water using Fe(Ⅲ)-functionalized carbonized humic acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第10期28卷 2689-2698页

作者： Dairui Xie Hongcheng Zhang Meng Jiang Hao Huang Heng Zhang Yang Liao Shilin Zhao College of Chemistry and Material Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Key Laboratory of Land Resources evaluation and monitoring in Southwest Ministry of Education of ChinaChengdu 610068China

Humic acid(HA)was carbonized at 300,400 and 500℃ and then functionalized with 1 wt%–12 wt%Fe(Ⅲ)respectively[CHA300/400/500-Fe(Ⅲ)].Adsorption of such Fe(III)-functionalized carbonized HA as adsorbents to aqueous tetracycline(TC:25 mg·L^-1)was *** adsorption equilibrium time for CHA400-Fe(Ⅲ)to TC was 6 h faster and the adsorption removal efficiency(Re)was two times higher than that of HA/*** adsorption Reof CHA400-Fe(Ⅲ)loaded 10%iron[CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)]to TC could reach 99.8%at 8 h and still kept80.6%after 8 *** adsorption kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order equation and the adsorption isotherms could be well delineated via Langmuir equations(R^2N 0.99),indicating that the homogeneous chemical adsorption of TC occurred on the *** main adsorption mechanisms of TC were complexation Fe(III)and hydrophobic *** and electronegative repulsion between TC and CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)at lowly p H(2)and highly p H(8–10)respectively,leaded to the relatively low adsorption capacity and more notable influence of ion *** the p H was between 4 and 8,TC mainly existed in neutral molecules(TCH2),so the influence of ion concentration was not *** dynamic adsorption results showed that the CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)could continuously treat about 2.4 L TC(27 mg·L^-1)wastewater with the effluent concentration as low as 0.068 mg·L^-*** study suggested a broad application prospect of a new,effective,lowcost and environment-friendly adsorbent CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)for treatment of low-concentration TC polluted wastewater.

关键词： Fe(Ⅲ)-functionalized carbonized humic acid Composites Adsorption Low-concentration tetracycline Waste water

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