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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第11期4卷 36-47页

作者： Okoko Barth Ugwu Jeffery T. Barminas Iliya I. Nkafamiya Ayodele Akinterinwa modibbo adma university of technology Yola Nigeria

Polysaccharide has lately received a significant attention in the formulation of drug delivery system based on the abundant availability, non-toxicity and the various ways its nature, structure and functionality can be modified. In this preliminary work on Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) galactomannan (KG), it was modified by grafting with methacrylamide (MAAm) using ammonium persulphate (ASP) as initiator. The grafted galactomannan was then crosslinked using N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (N, N-MBAAm) to produce the hydrogel called konkoli grafted polymethylacrylamide (KG-g-poly (MAAm)). FTIR analyses confirm crosslinking and other changes in the functionality of KG-g-poly (MAAm) compared to KG. Swelling properties which are fundamental to the potential properties of any hydrogel as a drug delivery system were studied for KG-g-poly (MAAm) with varied amount of monomer (MAAm), crosslinker and pH with respect to time and temperature. There was a rapid rise followed by a dramatic fall in the swelling capacity with increase in both monomer and crosslinker concentration. The swelling capacity of KG-g-poly (MAAm) also improves as the pH of the medium was changed from acidic to alkaline. Generally, the swelling capacity of KG-g-poly (MAAm) increases with time and temperature of immersion. This result therefore encourages further studies as it presents KG-g-poly (MAAm) potentials in such application as insulin delivery system.

关键词： Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) Galactomannan Hydrogels Konkoli Grafted Polymethylacrylamide (KG-g-poly (MAAm)) Swelling Properties

3D modeling of abnormal pore pressure in shallow offshore Niger delta: An application of seismic inversion

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Petroleum Research 2021年第2期6卷 158-171页

作者： Chukwuemeka Patrick Abbey Osita Chukwudi Meludu Adetola Sunday Oniku a a Department of Physics Modibbo Adama University of Technology YolaNigeria Department of Petroleum Chemistry&Physics American University of NigeriaNigeria

Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thispressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when itdeviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation canlead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmentalpollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting theabnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, weemployed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted porepressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. Apressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by therelationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The predicted pore pressurefrom the Well logs aligned with the measured pore pressure in the formation. At about 3600 m to end ofthe Well, depicts a pressure regime that is a deviation from the hydrostatic pressure trend. The abnormalpressure regime is marked by the region where a change is observed in the normal compaction trendline. The cross plot of acoustic impedance against pore pressure reveals a linear relationship;with adirect relationship indicating a normal pressure interval and the indirect relationship at the abnormalpressure regime. The inverted 3D pressure result from the seismic volume validates the normalcompaction trend line and also the pressure values estimated from the Well logs. The abnormal pressureregime in the study area is predicted to be found towards the end of Agbada Formation and through theAkata Formation due to the un-compacted shales.

关键词： Acoustic impedance Pressure Seismic inversion Formation Overpressure

Industrial Design Graduates in the Nigerian Labour Market： Unemployed or Unemployable

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2018年第2期8卷 67-77页

作者： Femi Kayode Gordy Iyama Federal university of technology modibbo Adama university of technology

The annual turnout of faculty graduates in Nigeria is not only increasing numerically but it is ironically, unemployed and other times unemployable. This assertion is supported by researches in the social sciences and reasons adduced to the trend range from lack of qualitative and unavailability of teaching and research facilities, as well as insufficient capable human resources among others. This paper x-rayed the case of Industrial Design graduates and their post training outcome, to understand whether or not graduates of Industrial Design are gainfully employed, unemployed, or unemployable; and why？ Research design used was survey, while the instrument administered on the sample size was structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-three （233） students of Industrial Design constituted the sample size. The research questions were analyzed with the aid of Table of frequency distribution, while a non-parametric test by way of Friedman＇s two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the hypotheses. The outcome of the study revealed that, though the programme of Industrial Design is evolving as craft-based, it is viable. Graduates of the programme are not unemployable in the Nigerian labour market. Finally, the paper proffers solutions and recommendations in form of ideas and deductions to enhance the aim of the study.

关键词： graduate labour market competences unemployment specialization collaboration

Background Geochemistry of Soil in Part of Girei District, Upper Benue Trough, N. E. Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第7期8卷 888-901页

作者： I. V. Haruna J. M. Ishaku Y. D. Mamman Department of Geology Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

Soil geochemical study aimed at determining the background levels of trace and major elements in soils of a relatively small part (MAUTECH Campus) of Girei District has been carried out. The results show that the contents of trace and major elements in the area are generally low and vary by factors ranging from about 3 times (As, V), about 4 times (Ni, W), about 6 times (Cd, Rb, Be), about 10 times (Cr, Ba, Br), about 7 times (Se), about 18 times (Mo), about 30 times (Co) and about 45 times (Pb). The low contents reflect the granites and migmatite gneisses bordering the study area and suggest that the soil was derived from these granites with little contribution from the mafic gneisses. Correlations amongst elements are significant at the probability level of 0.01. Among the major elements;Mg has a strong positive relationship with Ca (0.88), and Al (0.74) while Fe is also strongly related to Al (0.69). Several trace elements have very strong positive relationship with one another: Ba-As (0.91), Be-As (0.93), Be-Ba (0.91), Cs-Ba (0.91), As-Cs (0.85), Cr-Ba (0.85), Cr-Be (0.85), Cs-Be (0.88), As-Ce (0.94) and Cs-Cr (0.86). Mn and Mo are poorly related with most of the trace elements. Among the rare earth elements, Eu is strongly related to Dy (0.98), Gd (0.99) and Lu (0.96) just as Dy is strongly related to Er (0.99), Eu (0.98), Gd (0.98) and Lu (0.98). These strong positive correlations among elements suggest that chemical and physical factors control elements associations in parent materials and soil forming processes. Consequently, the data may serve as a reference standard in the assessment and monitoring of possible future environmental issues related to trace and/or major element contamination.

关键词： Background Geochemistry Girei Benue Trough Nigeria

Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of the Monkeypox Virus Infection with Treatment and Vaccination Interventions

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第12期5卷 2335-2353页

作者： Sulaiman Usman Ibrahim Isa Adamu Mathematics Department Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

Presently, an ongoing outbreak of the monkeypox virus infection that began in Bayelsa State of Nigeria has now spread to other parts of the country including mostly States in the South-South with the Nigerian Ministry of Health confirming 4 samples out of the 43 sent for testing at WHO Regional Laboratory in Dakar, Senegal. This reminds us that apart from the eradicated smallpox, there are other poxviruses that pose potential threat to people in West and Central Africa. In this paper, we developed a mathematical model for the dynamics of the transmission of monkeypox virus infection with control strategies of combined vaccine and treatment interventions. Using standard approaches, we established two equilibria for the model namely: disease-free and endemic. The disease-free equilibrium was proved to be both locally and globally asymptotically stable if R0 < 1 using the next-generation matrix and the comparison theorem. While the endemic equilibrium point existed only when R0 > 1, was proved to be locally asymptotically stable if R0 > 1 using the linearization plus row-reduction method. The basic reproduction numbers for the humans and the non-human primates of the model are computed using parameter values to be R0,h = 9.1304 x 10-6 and R0,n = 3.375 x 10-3 respectively. Numerical simulations carried out on the model revealed that the infectious individuals in the human and non-human primates’ populations will die out in the course of the proposed interventions in this paper during the time of the study. Sensitivity analysis carried out on the model parameters shows that the basic reproduction numbers of the model which served as a threshold for measuring new infections in the host populations decrease with increase in the control parameters of vaccination and treatment.

关键词： Basic Reproduction Number Comparison Theorem Equilibria Monkeypox Sensitivity Analysis Stability Analysis

Mathematical Model for the Transmission Dynamics of Zika Virus Infection with Combined Vaccination and Treatment Interventions

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第10期5卷 1964-1978页

作者： Sulaiman Usman Ibrahim Isa Adamu Huzaifa Aliyu Babando Department of Mathematics Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

In this paper, we studied the transmission dynamics of ZIKV in the presence of a vector under the combined effects of treatment and vaccination in a hypothetical population. The disease-free εo and endemic ε1 equilibria were established with local stability on εo. We established the basic reproduction number Ro which served as a threshold for measuring the spread of the infection in the population using the next-generation matrix and computed its numerical value to be Ro = 0.0185903201 using the parameter values. It was established that the disease-free equilibrium εo is locally asymptotically stable since Ro < 1;meaning ZIKV infection would be eradicated from the population. The computational results of the study revealed that combining the two interventions of vaccination and treatment concomitantly proffers an optimal control strategy in taming the transmission of the virus than a single intervention strategy.

关键词： Zika Virus Infection Flavivirus Compartment Asymptomatic Basic Reproduction Number Local Asymptotic Stability

Functions and Implications of Circular RNAs in Antiviral Immunity

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第7期9卷 602-615页

作者： Zubaida Hassan Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

In addition to mature mRNAs, splicing of pol II transcripts generates numerous other RNAs including circular RNAs (circRNAs). circRNAs are a group of transcripts generated by non-sequential back splicing or forward splicing of exons, introns or a combination of both from a donor to an acceptor target. This forms covalently closed RNA molecule i.e. without free 5’ end caps or 3’ Poly (A) tails thereby making them more stable than their linear counterparts. Though they are recognized as part of non-coding RNAs, long noncoding precisely;evidence of translations has been reported from these molecules. circRNAs are considered emerging new members of the gene regulatory family. These circRNAs have several potential modes of action, some of which serve as microRNAs sponges shown in Table 1, protein binding RNAs, cellular transports, transcriptional regulators and modulating immune system. Viral circRNAs may evade immune recognition by many proposed mechanisms. These include undergoing slicing by host splicing machinery, being single stranded lacking free 5’ and 3’ ends, having miRNA sponge function, convenient regulatory functions which include initiating lytic replication, etc. Pattern of expression of these circRNAs differs from healthy individuals to different stages of viral infectious diseases. Thus, their use as potential biomarkers for diagnostics and future therapeutics targets have been proposed, especially with regards to viral infections that seem impossible for the human immune system to totally eliminate like the Epstein- Barr viral infection. So, this review summarizes the functions and implications of circRNAs regarding antiviral immunity.

关键词： circRNAs Antiviral Immunity Biomarker

Development of Carbon Dioxide Emission Assessment Tool towards Promoting Sustainability in UTM Malaysia

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2018年第2期7卷 53-73页

作者： Isiaka Adeyemi Abdul-Azeez Department of Urban & Regional Planning Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

Universities are challenged to play a leadership role in addressing unsustainable practices that are exacerbating global warming. Basically, many assessment tools have been suggested for measuring emission scenarios and achieve sustainability within university campuses. However, majority of the existing tools consider greenhouse gas emissions outside the campuses upon which universities have no control. This study identifies energy as a major driving force for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission and a universal variable for the assessment of CO2 emission in university campus. It proposed the Malaysia university Carbon Emission Tool (MUCET) to estimate Carbon Dioxide from the sources of energy use within the campus and assess the CO2 emission scenario within Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The result was compared to that of similar carbon emission inventory initiated by the UTM in 2009, a total emission of 46,000 Mt CO2 was observed in 2011 using MUCET compared to 82,578 Mt CO2 given as the total CO2 emission value for the campus in 2009. Also MUCET presented 74% CO2 emission for electricity and 26% in the transportation sector in variance to 78% and 20% offered for electricity and transport respectively in 2009 using the contemporary method of assessment. The difference in values was attributed to the contribution of the indirect and off-site emissions (i.e. Scope 3 emissions) from external sources. The study showed that MUCET presents a more realistic emission value and would promote sustainability on the campus.

关键词： Assessment Tool Carbon Emission Energy Use university Campus Sustainability

Complementing Water Supply through Rainwater Harvesting in Some Selected Villages of Sahel Savannah Ecological Zone in Borno State Northeastern Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第2期5卷 200-207页

作者： H. T. Ishaku A. P. Abayomi A. A. Sahabo F. M. Dama Department of Urban and Regional Planning modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

One of the greatest environmental challenges that confront rural communities in Nigeria especially in Borno state is scarcity of water supply. Rainwater harvesting can reduce over dependence on centralized piped water supply and checkmate climate change. This study in two rural communities determined the water per capita use, examined water sources and then estimated the amount of rainwater that can be harvested by households in these villages. The villages are Kukurpu and Yelwa Bam in Hawul local government area of Borno state Nigeria. The choice of the villages is justified on the basis of their location in the semi-arid region of the Sahel ecological zone with lesser rainfall compared to other parts in the region. Lack of adequate access to water supply is precursor to water related diseases and challenge to sustainable development. This study used scheduled interview with households and 100 household were surveyed using simple random sampling. In each of the village, 50 observations were made Results revealed that 87% of the households rely water from hand dug wells, ephemeral streams and boreholes equipped with manual hand pumps that are susceptible to drought and frequent breakdown. Borno state where the villages are located had a mean annual rainfall of 860 mm from 1980 to 2009;however, the annual rainwater harvesting potential was put at 51.21 m3. Although over 80% are aware of rainwater harvesting practices only 2% of households harvest rainwater due to the seasonality of rain-fall coupled with inadequate water storage facilities. There is therefore the need to embark on massive rainwater harvesting with corresponding water reservoir as a way to reduce the effects of the five months dry spell experienced in the region.

关键词： Rainwater Harvesting Water Supply Sahel Savannah Ecological Zone

Genesis and magma fertility of gold associated high-K granites:LA-ICP-MS zircon trace element and REEs constraint from Bakoshi–Gadanya granites in NW Nigeria

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第3期41卷 351-366页

作者： Safiyanu Muhammad Elatikpo Huan Li Yuanlin Chen Hafizullah Abba Ahmed Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of EducationSchool of Geosciences and Info-PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Geology Modibbo Adama University of TechnologyP.M.B.2076YolaNigeria

High-K granites dominate the rock units in the Bakoshi and Gadanya areas located in the northwestern Nigerian subshield,part of the Trans-Saharan Belt,West *** this contribution,the LA-ICP-MS zircon trace element revealed the fertility of magma responsible for the high-K granites that hosts the Bakoshi–Gadanya gold *** likely metallogenic granites types are 1)Gadanya alkali granite,with high Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)(mean 1485)and limited range of Eu anomalies may likely be associated with the gold mineralization,and 2)Bakoshi porphyritic granite,Jaulere biotite granite,Shanono coarsegrained granite,and Yettiti granite,all have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+) ratios(mean\100,except second Bakoshi granite D2-1)with wider ranges of Eu/Eu^(*) values,thus are considered reduced *** reduced granites have oxygen fugacity values and Eu anomalies comparable to reduced granites associated with tin belts in Myanmar and Zaaiplaats granites in Bushveld Complex,South ***-inZircon thermometric study revealed two thermal regimes during the crystallization of the Bakoshi–Gadanya granites:the high temperature(746–724℃):Shanono coarsegrained granite,Bakoshi granite D2-1,and Jaulere biotite granite;and relatively low temperature(705–653℃):Bakoshi porphyritic granite D1-1,Yettiti medium-grained granite,and Gadanya alkali *** trace elements including U,Yb,Y,Nb,and Sc ratios constraint the magma source of Bakoshi–Gadanya granites to an enriched mantle metasomatized during the subduction process before its *** for Gadanya alkali granite,fractionation of titanite and apatite dominate the magma evolution with limited amphibole *** that crystallized Gadanya alkali granite is rather saturated in zircon without accessory titanite or apatite.

关键词： Bakoshi–Gadanya area Zircon trace element Europium anomalies Gold mineralization Oxygen fugacity Cerium ratio