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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai Vincent Cheung Peter K.K.Louie Kenneth Leung Jimmy C.H.Fung Alexis K.H.Lau Donald R.B.lake Dasa Gu division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong 999077China Environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

Assessing Potential Earthquake Loss in Me′rida State, Venezuela Using Hazus

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 176-191页

作者： América Bendito Jesse Rozelle Douglas Bausch Civil Engineering Department Universidad de Los AndesMe´rida 5101Venezuela mitigation division Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)Region VIIIDenverCO 80225USA

The focus of the Hazus earthquake model has been largely U.S. centric due to a lack of standardized building-infrastructure data formats applicable *** a combined effort between FEMA Region VIII and the Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, the present study uses the Hazus 2.1 software to simulate earthquake loss estimations for Venezuela. Population totals and demographic distributions were developed using Oak Ridge National Labs Landscan 2008 population data and the census 2011 for Venezuela. The accuracy of the model was further enhanced for Me′rida State, located in western Venezuela, by collecting, incorporating, and developing region and specific inventories including soil maps, liquefaction and landslide susceptibility studies, demographic data, and building inventory information. We used USGS Shake Maps scenarios for two potential earthquake events with peak ground accelerations proposed within Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings, VISION 2000 recommendations. The region has not witnessed an earthquake with a magnitude greater than M 7 in the last120 years. Given the historical record of seismicity and the seismotectonics in the region, it becomes increasingly important to understand the potential implications from moderate to large earthquakes in Me′rida State, Venezuela.

关键词： Disaster loss estimation Earthquake damage Hazus Seismic risk Venezuela

Age determination of paleotsunami sediments around Lombok Island, Indonesia, and identification of their possible tsunamigenic earthquakes

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Earthquake Science 2017年第2期30卷 107-113页

作者： Aswan Yahdi Zaim Yan Rizal I.Nyoman Sukanta Suci Dewi Anugrah Agus Tri Hascaryo Indra Gunawan Tatok Yatimantoro Weniza Hidayanti Purnomo Hawati Wahyu Dwijo Santoso Nurochim Geology Department Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)J1. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Tsunami mitigation division - Meteorological Climatologicaland Geophysical Agency (BMKG) J1. Angkasa 1 no 2Kemayoran Jakarta 10720 Indonesia

Age determination of paleotsunami sediment from Lombok Island, Indonesia, and surrounding area has been carried out using the 210 Pb method in BATAN Jakarta. The basic theory of this method assumes that weathering of sediments, including paleotsunami sediments, will result in 210 Pb enrichment. The principle of this method is to calculate 210 Pb contents accumulation in a particular sedimentation interval from the surface to the deeper buried sediments. The results are then converted into age or depositional time in years ago unit. The dating results from the paleotsunami sediments of the Gawah Pudak（S8°46’2.91’’, E115°56’34.23’’） and Gili Trawangan areas（S8°21’1.38’’, E116°2’36.6’’） indicate the Gawah Pudak sediments were deposited 37 years ago（c. in 1977）and 22 years ago（c. in 1992）. Three paleotsunami sediments from Gili Trawangan were deposited 149 years ago（c. in 1865）, 117 years ago（c. in 1897） and 42 years ago（c. in 1972）. These results are then compared to the available Indonesian earthquake catalogue data. This study reveals that paleotsunami sediments around Lombok Islands, from older to younger, were caused by the 1857 earthquake（epicentre in Bali Sea; M7; S8°00’09.45’’,E115°29’56.41’’）, 1897 earthquake（epicentre in Flores Sea;M5.5; S6°47’59.62’’, E120°48’03.5’’ or Sulu Sea earthquake; M8.5; 70 km NW of Basilan Island）, the 1975 earthquake（Nusa Tenggara; S10°6’16.61’’, E123°48’09.39’’）, 1977 earthquake（in Waingapu, Sumba; M8.0;S11°5’39.34’’, E118°27’50.86’’） and the 1992 earthquake（Flores; M7.8; S8°28’52.11’’, E121°53’44.3’’）.

关键词： Age Paleotsunami Sediment ^(210)Pb Earthquake

Evaluation of atmospheric corrections on hyperspectral data with special reference to mineral mapping

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 797-808页

作者： Nisha Rani Venkata Ravibabu Mandla Tejpal Singh Centre for Disaster mitigation and Management(CDMM) VIT University OSGST-Lab Department of Environmental.Water Resources EngineeringSchool of Civil and Chemical EngineeringVIT University CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation

Hyperspectral images have wide applications in the fields of geology,mineral exploration,agriculture,forestry and environmental studies *** to their narrow band width with numerous ***,these images commonly suffer from atmospheric effects,thereby limiting their *** such a situation,atmospheric correction becomes a necessary pre-requisite for any further processing and accurate interpretation of spectra of different surface materials/*** the present study,two very advance atmospheric approaches *** and FLAASH have been applied on the hyperspectral remote sensing *** spectra of vegetation,man-made structure and different minerals from the Gadag area of Karnataka,were extracted from the raw image and also from the QUAC and FLAASH corrected *** spectra were compared among themselves and also with the existing USGS and JHU spectral *** is rigorous atmospheric algorithm and requires various parameters to perform but it has capability to compensate the effects of atmospheric *** absorption curves in any spectra play an important role in identification of the ***,the presence of unwanted absorption features can lead to wrong interpretation and identification of mineral *** also has an advantage of spectral polishing which provides smooth spectral curves which helps in accurate identification of composition of ***,this study recommends that FLAASH is better than QUAC for atmospheric correction and correct interpretation and identification of composition of any object or minerals.

关键词： Atmospheric correction Hyperspectral data Radiance Reflectance FLAASH QUAC

A 38-Year Climatology of Explosive Cyclones over the Northern Hemisphere

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第2期37卷 143-159页

作者： Gang FU Yawen SUN Jilin SUN Pengyuan LI Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean−Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China division of Oceanic Dynamics and Climate Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center Qingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and mitigation Qingdao 266100China

Explosive cyclones(ECs)over two basins in the Northern Hemisphere(20°-90°N)from January 1979 to December2016 are investigated using ERA-Interim and Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST)*** classical definition of an EC is modified considering not only the rapid drop of the central sea level pressure of the cyclone,but also the strong wind speed at the height of 10 m in which maximum wind speeds greater than 17.2 m s^-1are *** to the locations of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific,the whole Northern Hemisphere is divided into the"A region"(20°-90°N,90°W-90°E)and"P region"(20°-90°N,90°E-90°W).Over both the A and P regions,the climatological features of ECs,such as their spatial distribution,intensity,seasonal variation,interannual variation,and moving tracks,are documented.

关键词： explosive cyclone Atlantic basin Pacific basin Northern Hemisphere annual climatology seasonal climatology spatial distribution moving track

Multi-dimensional Ni@C-CoNi composites with strong magnetic interaction toward superior microwave absorption

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第35期130卷 176-183页

作者： Mengxiao Sun Derong Wang Ziming Xiong Zhongwei Zhang Long Qin Chaochan Chen Fan Wu Panbo Liu School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention&mitigation of Explosion&Impact Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210007China division of Electron and Electricity Measurement Technology Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing TechnologyShanghai 201203China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China

Dielectric-magnetic integrated absorbers have attracted arousing attention in microwave absorption,however,it still remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve superior dielectric polarization and strong magnetic ***,we propose a multi-scale structure optimization strategy to anchor CoNiMOFs derived OD CoNi alloy onto 1 D core-shell Ni@C *** decorating with the poly-dopamine layer,the connection between 1 D NiO and CoNi-MOFs precursors was greatly improved via the electrostatic *** from the overlapping conductive networks,enhanced interfacial polarization among the multi-dimensional heterogeneous interfaces and strong magnetic interaction,the fabricated multi-dimensional Ni@C-CoNi composites exhibit outstanding microwave ***,the optimal reflection loss is as high as-51.4 dB at 1.9 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 4.6 GHz with a thickness of only 1.3 *** multi-scale structure optimization strategy inspires us with an efficient method to fabricate ideal microwave absorbers and the obtained multi-dimensional composites can be used as promising candidates in electromagnetic radiation protection.

关键词： Multi-dimensional composites Synergistic effect Magnetic interaction Microwave absorption

Assessment of ERA5 and ERA-Interim in Reproducing Mean and Extreme Climates over West Africa

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 570-586页

作者： Imoleayo Ezekiel GBODE Toju Esther BABALOLA Gulilat Tefera DIRO Joseph Daniel INTSIFUL Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 Ilesa-Owo ExpresswayAkureOndo State 340420Nigeria Department of Water Resources Management and Agro-Meteorology Federal University Oye-Ekiti371104Nigeria Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes University of Quebec at Montreal201 President-Kennedy AvenueMontrealQC H2X 3Y7Canada division of mitigation and Adaptation Green Climate FundIncheon 22004South Korea

In situ data in West Africa are scarce,and reanalysis datasets could be an alternative source to alleviate the problem of data ***,because of uncertainties in numerical prediction models and assimilation methods,among other things,existing reanalysis datasets can perform with various degrees of quality and ***,a proper assessment of their shortcomings and strengths should be performed prior to their *** this study,we examine the performance of ERA5 and ERA-interim(ERAI)products in representing the mean and extreme climates over West Africa for the period 1981-2018 using observations from CRU and *** major conclusion is that ERA5 showed a considerable decrease in precipitation and temperature biases and an improved representation of inter-annual variability in much of western ***,the annual cycle is better captured by ERA5 in three of the region’s climatic zones;specifically,precipitation is well-reproduced in the Savannah and Guinea Coast,and temperature in the *** terms of extremes,the ERA5 performance is ***,both reanalyses underestimate the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitations and overestimate the number of wet days,as the numerical models used in reanalyses tend to produce drizzle more *** ERA5 performs better than ERAI,both datasets are less successful in capturing the observed long-term *** ERA5 has achieved considerable progress compared to its predecessor,improved datasets with better resolution and accuracy continue to be needed in sectors like agriculture and water resources to enable climate impact assessment.

关键词： West Africa ERAI ERA5 reanalysis precipitation temperature extremes

Optimized Hot Spot and Directional Distribution Analyses Characterize the Spatiotemporal Variation of Large Wildfires in Washington,USA,1970-2020

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 139-150页

作者： Kevin Zerbe Chris Polit Stacey McClain Tim Cook Washington Emergency Management division Camp MurrayTacomaWA 98430USA

Spatiotemporal analysis of fire activity is vital for determining why wildfires occur where they do,assessing wildfire risks,and developing locally relevant wildfire risk reduction *** various spatial statistical methods,we determined hot spots of large wildfires(>100 acres)in Washington,the United States,and mapped spatiotemporal variations in large wildfire activity from 1970 to *** results found that all hot spots are located east of the crest of the Cascade *** spatiotemporal analysis found that the geographic area wherein most of the state’s acres burned has shrunk considerably since 1970 and has become concentrated over the north-central portion of the state over *** concentration of large wildfire activity in north-central Washington was previously unquantified and may provide important information for hazard mitigation efforts in that *** results highlight the advantages of using spatial statistical methods that could aid the development of natural hazard mitigation plans and risk reduction strategies by characterizing previous hazard occurrences spatially and spatiotemporally.

关键词： Hazard mitigation Natural hazards Spatial statistics Washington state Wildfire

Global progress in climate change adaptation policies and its implication for China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第1期13卷 21-31页

作者： Fu Sun Xiaojia He Paul Rummy Kevin Lauzon division of Environmental System Analysis School of EnvironmentTsinghua University division of Global Environment The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21

This paper reviews the progress in climate change adaptation(CCA) policies both under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and in major regions and countries,including the EU and its major member countries,the influential developed countries in the Asia-Pacific region,the emerging economies and the least developed countries(LDCs).The progress made in China in CCA policies is also reviewed and compared with that in other ***,good international practices are proposed for China's policy *** is found that adaptation has been given the same priority as mitigation since the twenty-first century with regard to climate change-related *** topics related to adaptation in the international climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC have evolved from mechanisms for finance and technology development and transfer exclusively in the early stages to implementation of practical adaptation programs and *** 2006,major developed and developing countries have frequently set forward specific CCA policies or general climate change policies involving adaptation in the form of laws,frameworks,strategies,and *** LDCs have also been working on National Adaptation Programmes of Action and subsequent National Adaptation Plans with the support from the financial mechanisms under the ***,globally,it has become a common practice to develop national or regional policies to plan and guide CCA *** has established climate change policies involving adaptation at the national,regional,and sectorial levels since ***,these policies have strong limitations in their knowledge base,strategic positioning,contents,and implementation mechanisms,*** of a sound knowledge base,an international perspective,clear responsibilities for policy implementation,and appropriate monitoring and evaluation *** is recommended that China should further strengthen its technical capabilities in climate c

关键词： climate change adaptation policy review China implication