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Habitat suitability and herbivores determine reintroduction success of an endangered legume

Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 109-117页

作者： Matthew A.Albrecht Quinn G.Long Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden Shaw Nature Reserve Missouri Botanical Garden

Reintroductions of rare plants require detailed knowledge of habitat requirements, species interactions,and restoration techniques. Thus, incremental experimentation over many years may be required to develop adequate knowledge and techniques for successful reintroduction. To determine drivers of extinction in historical reintroductions of a federally endangered perennial(Astragalus bibullatus), we developed a reintroduction experiment to disentangle the relative importance of habitat quality, herbivores, and restoration technique on reintroduction success. In a factorial design, we manipulated access to vertebrate herbivores across different habitat types(mesic ecotone vs. xeric barren), and used founder populations comprised of more transplants and genetic sources than previous reintroduction *** mesic ecotones where historical reintroductions failed, excluding herbivores, thinning woody encroachment to improve habitat quality, outplanting across a greater array of microhabitats, and increasing founder population size did not improve demographic rates over previous *** to mesic ecotones, transplant survival rates and cumulative fruit production were more than two and ten times greater, respectively, in a xeric barren ecotone characterized by open, grassy, and dry microenvironmental conditions. Across all sites, herbivores decreased probabilities of survival and flowering of larger adult plants. Flowering rates were 80% greater inside relative to outside herbivore exclusion cages. Over a four-year period, only a single uncaged plant produced fruit. Our study demonstrates that habitat quality and vertebrate herbivory are key drivers of long-term persistence in rare plant reintroductions. Using incremental experiments that build on previous knowledge gained from long-term monitoring can improve reintroduction outcomes.

关键词： Astragalus bibullatus Translocation Rare plant Conservation Founder size Grassland

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Planting position and shade enhance native seedling performance in forest restoration for an endangered malagasy plant

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 118-123页

作者： Cyprien Miandrimanana J.Leighton Reid Tahiry Rivoharison Chris Birkinshaw missouri botanical garden Madagascar Research and Conservation Program Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden

The critically endangered tree Schizolaena tampoketsana is confined to a few diminished and degraded forest fragments on the Malagasy highlands. This habitat is vulnerable to loss due to frequent fires in the surrounding grassland that threaten to spread into the forest. One of these fragments is the focus a conservation project and here the managers aim to conserve S. tampoketsana by restoring its forest habitat to its former extent as evidenced by remnant woody plants. To inform this activity the survival and early-stage growth of seedlings of four locally native tree species were compared under contrasting conditions of proximity to the remaining forest and shade. After 12 months, seedlings of three species(Baronia taratana, Eugenia pluricymosa, Uapaca densifolia) survived better and experienced improved growth in height in grassland close to the existing forest rather than distant from it, and two survived better with shade rather than unshaded. A number of mechanisms could explain these results including reduced exposure to desiccating sunlight and winds and better soil and greater water availability close to the forest. The seedlings of one species(Nuxia capitata) survived well under all conditions. This study suggests that reforestation in these dry highlands is most feasible adjacent to remnant forest fragments and in microhabitats that minimize water loss, though young plants of some tree species may be capable of surviving in harsher conditions.

关键词： Grassland Fire Forest restoration Local environment Schizolaena tampoketsana

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Appreciation of a Great Man:Wu Zhengyi(1916-2013)

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Plant Diversity 2016年第6期38卷 262-263页

作者： Peter H.Raven missouri botanical garden

Wu Zhengyi was the leading systematic botanist of China during the second half of the 20th *** encyclopedic knowledge of Chinese plants,their medicinal uses,and their distributions was shared through a wide variety of... 详细信息

关键词： Appreciation of a Great Man FRPS

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Plant Conservation in the Future:New Challenges,New Opportunities

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 1-9页

作者： Peter H.RAVEN missouri botanical garden

Throughout the world,plant diversity is being reduced rapidly by the extinction of species and of local differentiated *** presenting possible solutions to this very serious problem I will first briefly describe the factors that have led to the development of China's wealth of biodiversity;then examine the causes of extinction,with an emphasis on the situation in China;and conclude with recommendations on how to most effectively conserve plants in this huge and botanically diverse country.

关键词： Plant diversity Biological richness Human impacts Plant conservation in China Strategies for plant conservation

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The Best of Both Worlds——Building gardens With a Sense of Place

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 24-30页

作者： Patricia D.RAVEN missouri botanical garden

The last decade in China has been a period of great growth and *** and more public garden has been built,many those gardens are built with Western-influenced styles and lack of Chinese factor.A garden with a strong sense of place will clearly put the visitor in a specific locality by astute use of design to support a distinctive regional *** the author gives several examples of famous gardens about how to keep the sense of place and try to give some useful suggestion on Chinese garden build.

关键词： garden The sense of place Chinese regional style Chinese garden style

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Center for Plant Conservation's Best Practice Guidelines for the reintroduction of rare plants

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 390-395页

作者： Joyce Maschinski Matthew A.Albrecht Center for Plant Conservation San Diego Zoo Global Center for Conservation & Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden

Recent estimates indicate that one-fifth of botanical species worldwide are considered at risk of becoming extinct in the wild. One available strategy for conserving many rare plant species is reintroduction, which holds much promise especially when carefully planned by following guidelines and when monitored long-term. We review the Center for Plant Conservation Best Reintroduction Practice Guidelines and highlight important components for planning plant reintroductions. Before attempting reintroductions practitioners should justify them, should consider alternative conservation strategies, understand threats, and ensure that these threats are absent from any recipient site. Planning a reintroduction requires considering legal and logistic parameters as well as target species and recipient site *** selecting the genetic composition of founders, founder population size, and recipient site will influence establishment and population growth. Whenever possible practitioners should conduct reintroductions as experiments and publish results. To document whether populations are sustainable will require long-term monitoring for decades, therefore planning an appropriate monitoring technique for the taxon must consider current and future needs. botanical gardens can play a leading role in developing the science and practice of plant reintroduction.

关键词： Reintroduction Monitoring Genetics Optimal site selection Founders Managed relocation

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Biodiversity science in China

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 59-59页

作者： Peter H. Raven missouri botanical garden

Progress in the systematic investigation of the biota of China,particularly over the past 50 years,has been most impressive.A century ago,foreign investigators were conducting most of these studies,

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Maintaining biodiversity will define our long-term success

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 211-220页

作者： Peter Raven Mathis Wackernagel missouri botanical garden 4344 Shaw BlvdSt.LouisMO63110USA Global Footprint Network 1528 Webster StreetSuite 11OaklandCA94612USA

Human beings are not only a part of our planet's ecosystems,but also,they are massively overusing *** makes ecosystem protection,including biodiversity preservation,vital for humanity's *** speed and scale of the threat are unprecedented in human *** long arch of evolution has been confronted with such a high level of human impact,that we are now facing the sixth mass extinction event,66 million years after the last *** threat heightens the imperative for bold human *** paper identifies three strategies for such an ***,and possibly most challenging,human demand needs to be curbed so it fits within the bounds of what Earth's ecosystems can *** meeting this quantitative goal,biodiversity preservation efforts will not be able to get ***,in the transition time,we must focus on those locations and areas where most biodiversity is *** a focus on‘hotspots’will help safeguard the largest portion of biodiversity with least ***,to direct biodiversity preservation strategies,we need to much better document the existence and distribution of biodiversity around the *** information technologies could help with this critical *** conclusion,biodiversity preservation is no longer just a concern for specialized biologist but is becoming a societal necessity if humanity wants to have a stable future.

关键词： Biodiversity Hotspots Biocapacity Conservation strategy

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Phylogeny,character evolution,and classification of Selaginellaceae(lycophytes)

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 630-684页

作者： Xin-Mao Zhou Li-Bing Zhang School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504YunnanChina missouri botanical garden 4344 Shaw BlvdSt.LouisMissouri 63110USA Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina

Selaginella is the largest and most taxonomically complex genus in *** fact that over 750 species are currently treated in a single genus makes Selaginellales/Selaginellaceae unique in *** we assembled a dataset of six existing and newly sampled plastid and nuclear loci with a total of 684 accessions(74%increase of the earlier largest sampling)representing ca.300 species to infer a new *** evolution of 10 morphological characters is studied in the new phylogenetic *** major results include:(1)the nuclear and plastid phylogenies are congruent with each other and combined analysis well resolved and strongly supported the relationships of all but two major clades;(2)the Sinensis group is resolved as sister to *** with strong support in two of the three analyses;(3)most morphological characters are highly homoplasious but some characters alone or combinations of characters well define the major clades in the family;and(4)an infrafamilial classification of Selaginellaceae is proposed and the currently defined Selaginella *** split into seven subfamilies(corresponding to the current six subgenera t the Sinensis group)and 19 genera(the major diagnosable clades)with nine new species-poor *** support the conservation of Selaginella with a new type,***,to minimize nomenclatural *** provide a key to subfamilies and genera,images illustrating their morphology,their morphological and geographical synopses,a list of constituent species,and necessary new *** new classification will hopefully facilitate communication,promote further studies,and help conservation.

关键词： Generic classification Homoplasy Lycophyte phylogeny Megaspore types Microspores Nuclear 18S and 26S genes

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Taxonomic synopsis of Berberis(Berberidaceae)from the northern Hengduan mountains region in China,with descriptions of seven new species

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 505-517页

作者： Yao-Ke Li Julian Harber Chuan Peng Zhi-Qiang Du Yao-Wu Xing Chih-Chieh Yu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Research Associate Missouri Botanic GardenMytholmroydWest YorkshireUK Center of Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

Though Berberis(Berberidaceae)is widely distributed across the Eurasian landmass it is most diverse in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountain(HHM)*** are more than 200 species in China where it is one of the most common mountain *** study on the taxonomy and evolution of Berberis in this region can thus provide an important insight into the origin and diversification of its flora.A prerequisite to this is mapping and describing the various species of Berberis in the region-a task that despite recent progress is by no means *** is clear that in China there may be a significant number of species still to be described and that even with published species much about their distribution remains to be *** a contribution to the first of these tasks seven new species from the northern Hengduan Mountain of *** and ***:Berberis chinduensis,Berberis degexianensis,Berberis jiajinshanensis,Berberis jinwu,Berberis litangensis,Berberis longquensis and Berberis riparia,are described *** in overall morphology and especially in floral structures with each other and with similar species of Berberis in the same region are *** report is the result of phylogenetic analyses based on plastome and partial nrDNA sequences of both the seven proposed new species and a significant number of similar species already *** conclusions as to the insights provides on the history of the genetic divergence are discussed.

关键词： Berberidaceae Flora of China Herbarium taxonomy Plastome sequences nrDNA sequences

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