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Soil Profile Concentration Distributions of Antimony and Bismuth across Southeastern missouri (USA)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第5期15卷 537-551页

作者： Michael Aide Department of Agriculture Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA

Recent research has suggested that increased industrial and technological utilization of antimony and bismuth necessitates greater research to determine the soil and water chemistry and the environmental risks associated with these elements. The near-total soil profile concentrations of antimony and bismuth were determined for key soil series across southeastern missouri. The antimony concentrations ranged from 0.65 to 0.08 mg kg−1, whereas the bismuth soil profile concentrations ranged from 0.92 to 0.03 mg kg−1. Most pedons showed antimony concentrations ranging from 20 to 30 mg kg−1, whereas bismuth concentrations were commonly 10 to 20 mg kg−1. For soils having argillic horizons, antimony and bismuth concentrations were greater for the illuvial horizons than the eluvial horizons, whereas Entisols, Inceptisols, and one Vertisol showed rather uniform antimony and bismuth concentrations, features paralleling the soil texture distribution. Both antimony and bismuth showed significant correlations with iron.

关键词： Trace Elements Antimony Bismuth Soils Group 15

Gabapentin prevalence:clinical and forensic experience in ***,missouri,USA

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 218-223页

作者： Sarah B.Riley Kelsie Garbutt Chelsea Crow T.Scott Isbell Anthony J.Scalzo school of Medicine Department of Pathology saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs school of Medicine Department of Pediatrics saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs Department of sociology and anthropology Forensic sciences Programsaint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUSA

Gabapentin(Neurontin)is an anti-epileptic drug that has had wide off-label prescription use since market release due to presumed negligible abuse ***,trends in drug misuse have demonstrated that gabapentin misuse is occurring,particularly in those with a history of opioid *** is concerning,because although gabapentin has no direct ligand activity at opioid receptors,it does potentiate the analgesic effect of opioids,and concurrent use of gabapentin and opioids may increase the risk of respiratory depressive effects of *** study investigates the incidence of gabapentin detected in urine samples collected for clinical drug screening purposes in a local hospital emergency department and in postmortem samples submitted by medical examiners in the *** metropolitan *** prevalence of gabapentin and co-detected drugs in both populations is contrasted,compared,and *** study found that 30%of urine samples collected from patients with suspected drug intoxication presenting to SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital,a quaternary care medical center,were positive for gabapentin,and nearly two thirds of those were also positive for *** a 6-month period,the incidence of gabapentin positive postmortem cases increased from 18%to 20%.Nearly all gabapentin positive postmortem cases were also positive for an opioid,the most significant being fentanyl,suggesting that gabapentin misuse may be due to its potentiating effect of opioid drug *** study also highlights the limited utility of immunoassay-based urine drug screens.

关键词： Forensic toxicology clinical toxicology substance misuse gabapentin urine drug screening postmortem mass spectrometry

Tile-Drain and Denitrification Bioreactor Water Chemistry for a Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>(L.) Merr.)-Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Rotation in East-Central missouri (USA)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第4期8卷 143-154页

作者： Michael Aide Indi Braden David Mauk Robert W. McAlister Byron McVay Susan Murray Samantha Siemers Sven Svenson Julie Weathers Department of Agriculture Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri USA

Nitrogen transport from agriculture production fields raises the specter of environmental degradation of freshwater resources. Our objectives were to document and evaluate nitrate-N, ammonium-N, phosphorus and other nutrients emanating from a 40-ha controlled subsurface irrigation drainage technology coupled in series with a denitrification bioreactor. The intent of the denitrification bioreactor is to create an environment for anoxic microbial populations to support denitrification. We monitored the tile-drainage effluent and denitrification bioreactor water chemistry under a corn-soybean rotation to estimate the nutrient concentrations and the competence of the denitrification bioreactor to foster denitrification. Nitrate-N bearing tile drainage effluents ranged from less than 1.5 to 109 mg NO3- -N/L, with the nitrate concentration differences attributed primarily to the: 1) timing of nitrogen fertilization for corn, 2) soil mineralization and residue decomposition, and 3) intense rainfall events. The denitrification bioreactor was highly effective in reducing drainage water nitrate-N concentrations providing the rate of water flow through the denitrification bioreactor permitted sufficient time for equilibrium to be attained for the nitrate reduction reactions. The nitrate-N concentrations entering the denitrification bioreactor ranged from 0.4 to 103 mg NO3-?-N/L in 2018, whereas the outlet nitrate concentrations typically ranged from 0.3 to 5.2 mg NO3- -N/L in 2018. Nitrate tile-drainage effluent concentrations in 2019 were marginal, given soybeans obtain nitrogen from biological nitrogen fixation. Nutrient uptake by corn reduced the soil nitrate leaching pool and created nitrogen-bearing biomass, features important for formulating best management practices.

关键词： Nitrogen Edge of Field Denitrification Bioreactor Water Quality Tile Drainage

Influence of Forest Management on Acorn Production in the Southeastern missouri Ozarks: Early Results of a Long-Term Ecosystem Experiment

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第5期5卷 568-583页

作者： Matthew G. Olson Alexander J. Wolf Randy G. Jensen Forest Systems Field Station Resource Science Division Missouri Department of Conservation West Plains Missouri USA

Since acorn production is a foundational process of ecosystems dominated by oaks, understanding the impact of forest management practices on acorn production is critical to the sustainable management of oak forests. This investigation addressed the impact of even-aged management (EAM), uneven-aged management (UAM), and no-harvest management (NHM) on the production of mature, sound acorns over an 18-year period (1993-2010) of a long-term, landscape-scale forest management experiment in the missouri Ozarks. Forest management impacts were investigated at two operational scales: the multi-stand compartment and the stand. We hypothesized that acorn production at both scales would be lower under active management (EAM and UAM) than NHM on these oak-dominated landscapes. Acorn production (acorns/ha/year) of red oaks (mainly black oak (Quercus velutina) and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea)) at the compartment level was lower under active management than NHM during the post-treatment period (1997-2010), but not for white oaks (mainly white oak (Q. alba) and post oak (Q. stellata)), which was largely a result of greater abundance and preferential harvesting of mature red oaks. At the stand scale, acorn production following either intermediate thinning or single-tree selection was comparable to yields observed in untreated stands suggesting that partial overstory removal can be implemented for harvesting timber and other silvicultural objectives without sacrificing acorn production. In many oak-dominated forests, active management will be necessary to mitigate future losses of acorn production driven by oak decline, succession, and climate change, including approaches for sustaining oak recruitment and acorn production.

关键词： Oak Quercus Hard Mast Silviculture Ecosystem Management

Soil Genesis of Four Alfisols Established in Oak Hickory Forests along Drainages into the Mississippi River in Southeastern missouri, USA

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第2期9卷 124-143页

作者： Michael Aide Southeast missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA

Alfisols in USA taxonomy are “deciduous forest” soils having an argillic horizon with a base saturation in the control section greater than 35%. Alfisols are geographically extensive and support productive agriculture and deciduous forest ecosystems. Understanding Alfisol genesis, including the presence and intensity of the dominant soil processes, facilitates best management practices that provide stewardship for these soil resources and improves forest and agriculture productivity. Four Alfisols, presently having mature forest settings and located in the central United States along the Mississippi River, were selected for soil and landscape description, classification, and delineation of the dominant soil forming processes. Excavated soils were described and routinely sampled for subsequent physical, chemical, and mineralogical analysis. An aqua regia digestion protocol provided elemental analysis for identifying and inferring the intensity of soil forming processes. The dominant soil forming factors include 1) organic matter accumulation, 2) clay eluviation-illuviation, 3) acidification, 4) base cation accumulation in the A horizons by the forest vegetation, 5) Fe-oxyhydroxide formation, and 6) clay mineral synthesis. Two soils were developed entirely in Peoria loess and two soils were developed in Peoria Loess overlying Ordovician limestone residuum. Ecological site descriptions provide land managers information for evaluating land suitability and the capability to implement different management activities without ecosystem disturbance. Best management practices for the described landforms and based on their Ecological Site Descriptions are presented.

关键词： Alfisols Deciduous Forests Peoria Loess Clay Mineralogy Ecological Site Description

Simulations of a Persistent Heat Wave Event in missouri in Summer 2012 Using a High-Resolution WRF Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第4期36卷 631-642页

作者： Lili ZHU Fengpeng SUN Tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC–FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Missouri–Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri 64110USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit missouri in summer *** operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long *** objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme event using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with eight combined physical(including longwave/shortwave radiation,microphysics,and planetary boundary layer)parameterization *** for one month,the model successfully simulates the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of surface air temperature,compared to in-situ *** interesting feature is an oscillatory development of the surface air temperature,with a pronounced synoptic *** a temperature evolution is consistent with the local zonal wind fluctuation,implying the important role of anomalous temperature *** overall skill score that combines the performance of 2-m air temperature,relative humidity,and precipitation fields is *** result shows that the combination of Thompson,Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs(RRTMG),and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3(MYNN3)schemes presents the best WRF simulation.A further analysis of this best simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area with realistic diurnal variation of 2-m air temperature in the urban and nonurban areas with a larger UHI effect at nighttime.

关键词： 2012 US summer heat wave missouri model evaluation/performance parameterization

Selenium Concentrations in Southeastern missouri Soils and Its Impact on Livestock Nutrition

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1363-1378页

作者： Michael Aide Indi Braden Shakirah Nakasagga Kevin Sargent Samantha Siemers Miriam Snider Marissa Wilson Department of Agriculture Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau USA

Selenium is a trace element in animal nutrition provided through forage. Vegetation should accumulate adequate levels to meet this livestock requirement. This study assessed southeastern missouri soils for their selenium concentrations. Multiple sites across southeastern missouri were sampled, from which a total of twenty-six soils were collected. Parent materials ranged from coarse to fine-textured alluvium and terrace deposits, colluvium, loess, limestone residuum and rhyolite residuum from poor to well-drained soils. The mean whole soil selenium contents ranged from less than 0.1 mg Se kg-1 for the Kaintuck pedons to 1.0, 2.2, and 2.4 mg Se kg-1 for the Irondale, Killarney, and Frenchmill pedons. For individual soils, Menfro pedons were deep, well-drained soils developed in loess. Paired Menfro pedons having similar soil morphology and having A-E-BE-Bt-C horizon sequences were selected and the greatest selenium concentrations were in the argillic horizons. Soils having fine textures (clayey) had moderate selenium concentrations, whereas soils having coarse textures (sandy) revealed minimal selenium concentrations. A wide soil selenium concentration variation was shown;however, no toxic selenium levels were measured. Therefore, soil selenium toxicity is not a regional issue. Noting that soil selenium concentrations in medium to fine-textured soils are appropriate for providing selenium to livestock, the need to artificially soil incorporate selenium or add selenium into the livestock ration remains critical for coarse-textured soils.

关键词： Selenite Selenide Animal Nutrition Soil Forages Animal Health Selenomethionine

Congestive heart failure and sepsis:a retrospective study of hospitalization outcomes from a rural hospital in Southwest missouri

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第3期2卷 105-108页

作者： Alexandra Skovran Mason Hinke Shelly N.B.Sloan Greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade Robert Arnce Kansas City University–College of Medicine JoplinMOUSA Freeman Health System JoplinMOUSA missouri Southern State University JoplinMOUSA

Background:Sepsis is the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and significant effort has been made to facilitate early diagnosis and ***,aggressive treatment can have negative effects,especially in patients with unstable volume status,such as those with congestive heart ***:We used electronic medical records to perform a retrospective study looking at hospital outcomes in patients from Southwest missouri who were admitted with sepsis and had a comorbid diagnosis of hypertensive heart *** primary outcome was in-hospital ***:We studied a total of 184 patients with the diagnosis of hypertensive heart failure with sepsis,and 348 patients with the diagnosis of sepsis that served as the baseline *** was a total of 37(20%)deaths in the hypertensive heart failure group and a total of 94(27%)deaths in the baseline ***:Our study showed no significant difference between the baseline group and those with hypertensive heart disease with heart failure.

关键词： Congestive heart failure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease Sepsis

Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and missouri

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 169-189页

作者： Jose Ramon Urbez-Torres Francesca Peduto R.K.Striegler K.E.Urrea-Romero J.C.Rupe R.D.Cartwright W.D.Gubler Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre 4200 Highway 97Box 5000SummerlandBC V0H1Z0Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Institute for Continental Climate Viticulture&Enology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Grapevine trunk diseases are a major concern to the wine-and table-grape industries worldwide,limiting both vineyard longevity and *** surveys conducted throughout the grape-growing regions of Arkansas and missouri revealed the presence of three economically important grapevine trunk diseases including,Botryosphaeria canker,Eutypa dieback and *** studies along with multi-gene phylogenetical analyses confirmed the identification of 15 different fungal taxa associated with different vascular *** include Botryosphaeria dothidea,Diatrypella sp.,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella americana,Eutypa lata,Eutypella vitis,Lasiodiplodia missouriana,Lasiodiplodia viticola,Neofusicoccum ribis,Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Pestalotiopsis uvicola,Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,Phomopsis viticola,Schyzophyllum commune,and Togninia *** of these represent new records on grapevines in Arkansas and *** americana,*** and *** are described as new species,and both *** and *** are first reported as grapevine pathogens in North ***’s postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of all fungal species except *** in the interspecific hybrids Vignoles,Chambourcin,Norton,and *** spp.,***,and *** were the most virulent fungi,while ***,*** and *** were considered to be weak *** research highlights the importance that grapevine trunk diseases have on grapevine health in growing regions where,due to different climatological conditions,interspecific hybrid cultivars are predominantly grown.

关键词： Botryosphaeriaceae Canker Diatrypaceae Eutypa dieback Esca Grape hybrid Multi-gene phylogeny Phomopsis viticola Vitis vinifera