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Genetic analysis and candidate gene identification of salt tolerancerelated traits in maize

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2196-2210页

作者： Hui Fang Xiuyi Fu Hanqiu Ge Mengxue Jia Jie Ji Yizhou Zhao Zijian Qu Ziqian Cui Aixia Zhang Yuandong Wang Ping Li Baohua Wang Scientific Observing and Experimental station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/School of Life SciencesNantong UniversityNantong 226019China Maize research Institute Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(BAAFS)Beijing 100097China

Soil salinization poses a threat to maize production worldwide,but the genetic mechanism of salt tolerance in maize is not well ***,identifying the genetic components underlying salt tolerance in maize is of great *** the current study,a teosinte-maize BC2F7 population was used to investigate the genetic basis of 21 salt tolerance-related *** total,125 QTLs were detected using a high-density genetic bin map,with one to five QTLs explaining 6.05–32.02%of the phenotypic variation for each *** total phenotypic variation explained(PVE)by all detected QTLs ranged from 6.84 to 63.88%for each *** all 125 QTLs,only three were major QTLs distributed in two genomic regions on chromosome 6,which were involved in three salt tolerance-related *** addition,10 pairs of epistatic QTLs with additive effects were detected for eight traits,explaining 0.9 to 4.44%of the phenotypic ***,18 QTL hotspots affecting 3–7 traits were *** one hotspot(L5),a gene cluster consisting of four genes(ZmNSA1,SAG6,ZmCLCg,and ZmHKT1;2)was found,suggesting the involvement of multiple pleiotropic ***,two important candidate genes,Zm00001d002090 and Zm00001d002391,were found to be associated with salt tolerance-related traits by a combination of linkage and marker-trait association ***00001d002090 encodes a calcium-dependent lipid-binding(CaLB domain)family protein,which may function as a Ca^(2+)sensor for transmitting the salt stress signal downstream,while Zm00001d002391 encodes a ubiquitin-specific protease belonging to the C19-related *** findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of salt tolerance-related traits in maize and a theoretical foundation for breeders to develop enhanced salt-tolerant maize varieties.

关键词： maize salt tolerance-related traits QTL mapping region-based association analysis

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Synergistic combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulates morpho-physiological characteristics and soil structure in Nitraria tangutorum *** saline soil conditions

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第6期14卷 393-402页

作者： Jing Pan CuiHua Huang Fei Peng Tao Wang Jie Liao ShaoXiu Ma QuanGang You Xian Xue Drylands salinization research station/Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,a typical xero-halophyte,can be used for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semiarid regions affected by ***,global climate change and unreasonable human activity have exacerbated salinization in arid and semi-arid regions,which in turn has led to the growth inhibition of halophytes,including *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have the potential to improve the salt tolerance of plants and their adaptation to saline soil *** this study,the effects of single and combined inoculations of AMF(Glomus mosseae)and PGPR(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42)on *** were evaluated in severe saline soil *** results indicate that AMF and PGPR alone may not adapt well to the real soil environment,and cannot ensure the effect of either growth promotion or salt-tolerance induction on *** ***,the combination of AMF and PGPR significantly promoted mycorrhizal colonization,increased biomass accumulation,improved morphological development,enhanced photosynthetic performance,stomatal adjustment ability,and the exchange of water and ***-inoculation also significantly counteracted the adverse effect of salinity on the soil structure of *** *** is concluded that the effectiveness of microbial inoculation on the salt tolerance of *** seedlings depends on the functional compatibility between plants and microorganisms as well as the specific combinations of AMF and PGPR.

关键词： Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Morphological development Photosynthesis physiology Soil structure

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Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 81-92页

作者： CuiHua Huang Fei Peng Itaru Shibata Jun Luo Xian Xue Kinya Akashi Atsushi Tsunekawa Tao Wang minqin salinization research station Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Science International Platform for Dryland research and Education Tottori University Arid Land research Center Tottori University

Biological soil crusts(BSCs) play important roles in the carbon(C) balance in arid regions. Net C balance of BSCs is strongly dependent on rainfall and consequent activation of microbes in the BSCs. The compensation-rainfall size for BSCs(the minimum rainfall amount for a positive net C balance) is assumed to be different with BSCs of different developmental stages. A field experiment with simulated rainfall amount(SRA) of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm was conducted to examine the C fluxes and compensation-rainfall size of BSCs in different parts of fixed dunes in the ecotone between the Badain Jaran Desert and the minqin Oasis. We found algae-lichen crust on the interdunes and crest, algae crust on the leeward side, and lichen-moss crust on the windward. Even a small rainfall(1 mm) can activate both photosynthesis and respiration of all types of BSCs. The gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange were significantly affected by SRA, hours after the simulated rainfall, position on a dune, and their interactions. The rapid activation of photosynthesis provides a C source and therefore could be responsible for the increase of C efflux after each rewetting. C-uptake and-emission capacity of all the BSCs positively correlated with rainfall size, with the lowest C fluxes on the leeward side. The compensation rainfall for a net C uptake was 3.80, 15.54, 8.62, and 1.88 mm for BSCs on the interdunes, the leeward side, the crest, and the windward side, respectively. The whole dune started to show a net C uptake with an SRA of 5 mm and maximized with an SRA of about 30 mm. The compensation-rainfall size is negatively correlated with chlorophyll content. Our results suggest that BSCs will be favored in terms of C balance, and sand dune stabilization could be sustained with an increasing frequency of 5-10 mm rainfall events in the desert-oasis transitional zone.-

关键词： biological soil crust rainfall size desert-oasis ecotone C balance arid region

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Climate and topography regulate the spatial pattern of soil salinization and its effects on shrub community structure in Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 925-942页

作者： DU Lan TIAN Shengchuan ZHAO Nan ZHANG Bin MU Xiaohan TANG Lisong ZHENG Xinjun LI Yan State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Fukang station of Desert Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesFukang 831505China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Soil salinization may affect biodiversity and species composition,leading to changes in the plant community ***,few studies have explored the spatial pattern of soil salinization and its effects on shrub community structure at the ecosystem ***,we conducted a transect sampling of desert shrublands in Northwest China during the growing season(June–September)in *** salinization(both the degree and type),shrub community structure(e.g.,shrub density and height),and biodiversity parameters(e.g.,Simpson diversity,Margalf abundance,Shannon-Wiener diversity,and Pielou evenness indices)were used to assess the effects of soil salinization on shrub community *** results showed that the primary degree of soil salinization in the study area was light salinization,with the area proportion of 69.8%.Whereas the main type of soil salinization was characterized as sulfate saline soil,also accounting for 69.8%of the total ***,there was a significant reduction in the degree of soil salinization and a shift in the type of soil salinization from chloride saline soil to sulfate saline soil,with an increase in *** mean annual precipitation(MAP),mean annual evapotranspiration(MAE),elevation,and slope significantly contributed to soil salinization and its geochemical *** soil salinization intensified,shrub community structure displayed increased diversity and evenness,as indicated by the increases in the Simpson diversity,Shannon-Wiener diversity,and Pielou evenness ***,the succulent stems and leaves of Chenopodiaceae and Tamaricaceae exhibited clear advantages under these ***,regional climate and topography,such as MAP,MAE,and elevation,had greater effects on the distribution of shrub plants than soil *** results provide a reference for the origin and pattern of soil salinization in drylands and their effects on the community structure of halophyte shrub species.

关键词： soil salinization halophytes shrubland climate change biodiversity drylands Northwest China

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Variation of soil physical-chemical characteristics in salt-affected soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake,Qaidam Basin

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第3期14卷 341-355页

作者： HUI Rong TAN Huijuan LI Xinrong WANG bingyao Shapotou Desert research and Experiment station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical ***,little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the Qarhan Salt Lake and at different soil depths in the surrounding ***,we selected five sampling sites(S1,S2,S3,S4,and S5)alongside the Qarhan Salt Lake and in the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun Mountains to investigate the relationship among soil salt ion concentrations,soil physical-chemical characteristics,and environmental variables in April *** results indicated that most sites had strongly saline and very strongly saline *** main salt ions present in the soil were Na^(+),K^(+),and Cl^(-).Soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass(SMB)were significantly affected by the salinity(P<0.05).Moreover,soil salt ions(Na^(+),K^(+),Ca2+,Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),CO_(3)^(2-),SO_(4)^(2-),and HCO_(3)^(-))were positively correlated with electrical conductivity(EC)and soil water content(SWC),but negatively related to altitude and soil *** soil salt ions,soil nutrients and SMB were positively correlated with altitude,but negatively related to EC and ***,soil nutrients and SMB were negatively correlated with soil salt *** conclusion,soil nutrients and SMB were mainly influenced by salinity,and were related to altitude,soil depth,and SWC in the areas from the Qarhan Salt Lake to the Xidatan *** results imply that the soil quality(mainly evaluated by soil physical-chemical characteristics)is mainly influenced by soil salt ions in the areas surrounding the Qarhan Salt *** results provide an accurate prediction of how the soil salt ions,soil nutrients,and SMB respond to the changes along a salt *** underlying mechanisms controlling the soil salt ion distribution,soil nutrients,and SMB in an extremely arid desert climate playa should be studied in greater detail in the future.

关键词： salinization soil salt ions soil physical-chemical characteristics soil microbial biomass soil nutrient Qarhan Salt Lake

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Oasis Functional Stability Evaluation Based on Multiple Indicators, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 624-636页

作者： LI Sen ZHANG Zhishan WANG Tao YAN Changzhen DU Heqiang Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Drylands salinization research station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Shapotou Desert research and Experiment station Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteCASLanzhou 730000China

We produced and analyzed oasis structure information, and evaluated oasis functional stability using the multiple indicators based on Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographical Information System(GIS) in the arid region of China in 2015. The results showed that the oases area was 193,734 km^2, accounting for 8.17% of the arid region of China. The spatial difference in the functional stability of oases was obvious. The Beijiang zone had the highest functional stability and was relatively stable state, and the Hexi Corridor-Alashan Plateau zone had the lowest functional stability and was relatively unstable. The functional stability is dominated by production and ecological functions, which have regional differences. Increasing oasis agricultural output, strengthening highway infrastructure construction and paying attention to education will become important ways to improve oasis functional stability. Water resources determine the ecological function, thus affecting the oasis functional stability. The results provide references for the formulation of related policies according to local conditions.

关键词： oasis land cover oasis function stability remote sensing arid regions of China

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Mapping the dynamic degree of aeolian desertification in the Shiyang River Basin from 1975 to 2010

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第3期12卷 144-153页

作者： Jie Liao Tao Wang ShaoXiu Ma Jian Guo Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Drylands salinization research station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Lanzhou Branch Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

The Shiyang River Basin is an area of China that is severly affected by aeolian ***,we established an aeolian desertified land classification system for visual interpretation,which classified the Aeolian Desertified Land(ADL)into Slight(SL),Moderate(M),Severe(S)and Extremely Severe(ES)according to the *** of Landsat series(acquired in 1975,1990,2000 and 2010)were employed to monitor the status,trend and spatial pattern of aeolian desertification,especially to map the overall spatial pattern of ADL dynamics by proposing a new Dynamic Index(DI)in the Shiyang River Basin from 1975 to *** results show a generally decreasing trend from 1975 to ***,the ES ADL kept increasing throughout the whole study ***,the area of ADLs with different severity increased with increasing severity,this S and ES ADLs dominated characteristics of aeolian desertification was contrary to those sandy lands in eastern China where was dominated by SL and M *** the three sub-periods of 1975−1990,1990−2000 and 2000−2010,the first two were the restoration stage,while the last one was the expansion stage of aeolian ***,all these new ADLs occurred in minqin County during 2000−2010,indicating a detrimental increase of aeolian desertification in minqin,and the concentration of ADLs toward the lower reaches of the Shiyang River *** DI works well to identify areas with desertification changes no matter the ***,DI results disclosed a stable status of aeolian desertification,and the DI decreased with increasing ADL *** results indicate that it will be difficult to control the expansion of aeolian desertification in minqin County over an extended period of ***,we suggest effective and long-lasting aeolian desertification control programs in the Shiyang River Basin,especially in minqin,and SL and MADLs should have priority in facilitating a quick reversal of aeolian desertification.

关键词： aeolian desertification dynamic degree Shiyang River Basin minqin

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Assessment of water level threshold for groundwater restoration and over-exploitation remediation the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 113-127页

作者： Hui-feng Yang Rui-fang Meng Xi-lin Bao Wen-geng Cao Ze-yan Li Bu-yun Xu Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China National Field Scientific Observation and research station on Groundwater and Ground Subsidence in the Plain Area of Cangzhou Hebei 050061China

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic *** overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional *** paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP *** paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources *** on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly *** study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 *** groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 ***,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land *** water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the

关键词： Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain Groundwater over-exploitation Groundwater level restoration threshold Groundwater reserve Over-exploitation control

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Application of stable isotope techniques to the study of soil salinization

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第4期3卷 285-291页

作者： YongQin CUI JianYing MA Wei SUN Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecology and Environment research station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

In this paper, we reviewed the progress in the application of stable isotope techniques to the study of soil salinization. As a powerful technique, stable isotopes have been widely used in the studies of soil water evaporation, the dynamics of soil salinization and salt-tolerant plant breeding. The impact of single environmental factors on plant isotope composition has been the focus of previous studies. However, the impact of multiple environmental factors on plant isotope composition remains unclear and needs to be carefully studied. In order to gain insights into soil salinization and amelioration, especially soil salinization in arid and semiarid areas, it is essential to employ stable isotope techniques and combine them with other methods, such as located field observation and remote sensing technology.

关键词： stable isotope soil water evaporation soil salinization dynamic salt-tolerant plants breeding

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Damage by wind-blown sand and its control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第1期13卷 98-106页

作者： LI Congjuan WANG Yongdong LEI Jiaqiang XU Xinwen WANG Shijie FAN Jinglong LI Shengyu National Engineering Technology research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Taklimakan Desert research station Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesKorla 841000China Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052China

Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert *** desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global *** Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh *** Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan *** has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,***,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the ***,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since *** solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since ***,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance *** study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert ***,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and pl

关键词： wind-blown sand sand barrier fences artificial shelterbelt mechanical sand control measure biological sand control measure sustainable development Taklimakan Desert Highway

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