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Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff optimization of multiple horizontal wells with co.plex fracture networks in the M unco.ventional reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1018-1031页

作者： Hao-Chuan Zhang Yong Tang You-Wei He Yong Qin Jian-Hong Luo Yu Sun Ning Wang De-Qiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing100083China Southwest Oil&Gas Field co.pany PetroChinaChengdu610051SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation CNOOC Research Institute Co.LtdBeijing100027China

The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unco.ventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil reco.ery factor from unco.ventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff beco.es preferable when the co.(2) source is limited. However, the impact of co.plex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil reco.ery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with co.plex fracture networks in unco.ventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the co.plex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture ***, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under co.plex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unco.ventional oil reservoirs with co.plex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs co.sidering the co.plex fracture networks.

关键词： Unco.ventional oil reservoir co.plex fracture network Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff Parameter optimization Numerical simulation

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Mechanical characteristics and reservoir stimulation mechanisms of the Gulong shale oil reservoirs, the northern Songliao Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2023-2036页

作者： Si-Wei Meng Jia-Ping Tao Tian-Jiao Li Dong-Xu Li Su-Ling Wang Liu Yang Xin Liu Li-Hao Liang He Liu PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration development Beijing100083China National Key Laboratory of co.tinental Shale Oil Daqing 163002HeilongjiangChina Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024LiaoningChina PetroChina Daqing Oilfield co.Ltd. Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina Northeast Petroleum University Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing) Beijing100083China

Shale oil of the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,the northern Songliao Basin,represents the first attempt at large-scale development of pure-shale-type shale oil in *** integrating the multiscale refined reservoir characterization with macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,it is clarified that the Gulong shale is characterized by high clay mineral co.tent,high rock plasticity,highly-developed bedding,and prominent mechanical anisotropy.A three-dimensional(3D)fracture propagation model of hydraulic fracturing was built for the Gulong shale,which fully captures the hydraulic fracture distribution pattern affected by the high bedding density,in-situ stress,and fracturing treatment *** research showed that due to influences of bedding,hydraulic fracturing in the Gulong shale forms a co.plex fracture morphology featuring the main fracture with multiple perpendicular branches that have different lengths(like the outdoor directional TV antenna);however,the vertical propagation of fractures is inhibited,and the fracture height is co.monly less than 10 *** limited stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)is the main problem facing the fracturing stimulation of the Gulong shale *** density has vital effects on fracture morphology,so case-specific fracturing designs shall be developed for shale intervals with different bedding development *** reservoirs with welldeveloped bedding,it is suggested to properly increase the perforation cluster spacing and raise the volume and proportions of visco.s fluids of the pad,so as to effectively promote vertical fracture propagation and improve reservoir stimulation *** study integrates multi-scale fine reservoir characterization and macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,as well as the co.struction and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing models for high-density layered shale reservoirs,providing a new approach and methodological framework for the fracturing research of high-density layer

关键词： Shale oil Hydraulic fracturing High bedding density Fracture propagation model

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Texture and Geochemistry of Multi-stage Hydrothermal Scheelite in the Mamupu Cu-Au-Mo(-W)Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Tungsten Mineralization in the Yulong Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 701-716页

作者： ZHANG Xiaoxu TANG Juxing LIN Bin WANG Qin HE Liang YAN Gang SHAO Rui WU Qiang DU Qiu ZHAXI Pingcuo Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China Earth Sciences co.lege Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China No.6 Geological Party Tibetan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentLhasa 851400China Tibet Shengyuan Mining Group co. Ltd.Lhasa 851400China

Multistage tungsten mineralization was recently disco.ered in the Mamupu co.per-polymetallic deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry co.per belt(YPCB),*** study reports the results of cathodoluminescence,trace element and Sr isotope analyses of Mamupu scheelite samples,undertaken in order to better co.strain the mechanism of W mineralization and the sources of the ore-forming *** different types of scheelite are identified in the Mamupu deposit:scheelite A(Sch A)mainly occurs in breccias during the prograde stage,scheelite B(Sch B)forms in the chlorite-epidote alteration zone in the retrograde stage,while scheelite C(Sch C)occurs in distal quartz sulfide *** extremely high Mo co.tent and negative Eu anomaly in Sch A represent high oxygen fugacity in the prograde *** with ore-related porphyries,Sch A has a similar REE pattern,but with higher ΣREE,more depleted HREE and slightly lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i *** features suggest that Sch A is genetically related to ore-related porphyries,but extensive interaction with carbonate surrounding rocks affects the final REE and Sr isotopic *** B shows dark(Sch B-I)and light(Sch B-II)domains under CL *** Sch B-I to Sch B-II,LREEs are gradually depleted,with MREEs being gradually *** C has the highest LREE/HREE ratio,which indicates that it inherited the geochemical characteristics of fluids after the precipitation of HREE-rich minerals,such as diopside and garnet,in the early prograde *** Mo co.tent in Sch B and Sch C gradually decreased,indicating that the oxygen fugacity of the fluids changed from oxidative in the early stages to reductive in the later,the turbulent Eu anomaly in Sch B and Sch C indicating that the Eu anomaly in the Mamupu scheelite is not solely co.trolled by oxygen *** extensive interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and carbonate provides the necessary Ca^(2+)for the precipitation of scheelite in the Mamupu deposit.

关键词： scheelite geochemistry Mamupu Cu deposit Yulong porphyry co.per belt eastern Tibet

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Enhancing microseismic/aco.stic emission source localization accuracy with an outlier-robust kernel density estimation approach

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第7期34卷 943-956页

作者： Jie Chen Huiqiong Huang Yichao Rui Yuanyuan Pu Sheng Zhang Zheng Li Wenzhong Wang State Key Laboratory of co.l Mine Disaster Dynamics and co.trol Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chongqing City co.struction Investment Group co. Ltd.Chongqing 400023China co.l Geological exploration Institute of Gansu Lanzhou 730000China

Monitoring sensors in co.plex engineering environments often reco.d abnormal data,leading to significant positioning *** reduce the influence of abnormal arrival times,we introduce an innovative,outlier-robust localization method that integrates kernel density estimation(KDE)with damping linear co.rection to enhance the precision of microseismic/aco.stic emission(MS/AE)source *** approach systematically addresses abnormal arrival times through a three-step process:initial location by 4-arrival co.binations,elimination of outliers based on three-dimensional KDE,and refinement using a linear co.rection with an adaptive damping *** validate our method through lead-breaking experiments,demonstrating over a 23%improvement in positioning accuracy with a maximum error of 9.12 mm(relative error of 15.80%)—outperforming 4 existing *** under various system errors,outlier scales,and ratios substantiate our method’s superior *** blasting experiments also co.firm the practical applicability,with an average positioning error of 11.71 m(relative error of 7.59%),co.pared to 23.56,66.09,16.95,and 28.52 m for other *** research is significant as it enhances the robustness of MS/AE source localization when co.fronted with data *** also provides a practical solution for real-world engineering and safety monitoring applications.

关键词： Microseismic source/aco.stic emission(MS/AE) Kernel density estimation(KDE) Damping linear co.rection Source location Abnormal arrivals

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Fracturing-flooding technology for low permeability reservoirs:A review

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 202-215页

作者： Nianyin Li Shijie Zhu Yue Li Jingrui Zhao Bo Long Fei Chen Erzhen Wang Wentao Feng Yanan Hu Shubei Wang Chen Jiang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China CNPC Southwest Oil and Gas Field co.pany exploration and development Research Institute Chengdu 610051China CNPC Southwest Oil and Gas Field co.pany Shale Gas Research Institute Chengdu 610051China Western Drilling Tuha Underground Operation co.pany Turpan838200China Changqing Downhole Technical Service co.pany of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering co. Ltd.CNPCXi’anChina Petroleum Technology Research Institute Petrochina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'anChina

The development of low-permeability oil and gas resources presents a significant challenge to traditional development *** address the problem of“no injection and no production”in low-permeability reservoirs,a novel fracture-injection-production integration technology named fracturing-flooding has been proposed by oilfield *** technology co.bines the advantages of co.ventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding,resulting in improved reservoir physical properties,increased injection,replenished energy,and increased oil displacement *** technology is especially suitable for low-permeability reservoirs that suffer from lack of energy,and strong ***-flooding technology has shown significant results and broad development prospects in some oilfields in *** paper analyzes the development status of fracturing-flooding technology from its development history,technical mechanism,technical characteristics,process flow,types of fracturing and oil displacement fluids,and field *** and numerical simulations of fracturingflooding technology are also *** results suggest that fracturing-flooding technology is more effective than co.ventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding in stimulating lowpermeability tight reservoirs and improving oil ***,it has a high input-output ratio and can be utilized for future reservoir stimulation and transformation.

关键词： Fracturing-flooding Enhanced oil reco.ery Low permeability reservoirs Water flooding Injection Chemical flooding Fracturing

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World's Energy Transition and Chinese-style Modern Energy Revolution under Carbon Neutrality(Ⅰ)

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China Oil & Gas 2024年第2期31卷 3-13页

作者： Zou Caineng Xiong Bo Li Shixiang Ma Feng Pan Songqi Liu Hanlin Zhang Guosheng Zhao Qun Guan Chunxiao PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute Research Institute of Petroleum exploration&development

Under global co.sensus on carbon neutrality and the intensification of regional co.flicts,new energy has beco.e the primary direction for various co.ntries to achieve energy security and green *** by wind,solar,geothermal,hydrogen and stored energy,and co.trollable nuclear fusion,the technological and scale advantages of new energy are being co.tinuously ***-co.t wind,solar,and stored energy will support the global energy *** production and utilization of new energy enter a rapid development *** 2022,the average global co.sumption of new energy acco.nted for 18.2%,and it is expected to reach around 55%by *** distribution of the world's energy resources,co.sumption regions,technological development,per capita co.sumption,energy-saving fields,and carbon emissions is *** acceleration of low-carbon development in fossil fuels,the scale-up of renewable energy,and the intelligentization of energy management drives the rapid transition of global energy.

关键词： Transition strengthened acceleration

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Spatial distribution of soil salinization under the influence of human activities in arid areas,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第10期16卷 1344-1364页

作者： LIU Yufang YANG Qingwen PEI Xiangjun LI Jingji WANG Shuangcheng HUANG Zhenfu HAN Wei ZHENG Tianiang co.lege of Eco.ogy and Environment Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory Chengdu 610213China Hydrogeological and Engineering Geological Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geo-exploration&Mineral development Changji 831100China

The Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China belongs to arid desert climate,with significant soil salinization *** study selected six rivers in Hotan Prefecture(Pishan,Qaraqash,Yurungqash,Celle,Kriya,and Niya rivers)to explore the spatial distribution of soil salinization in this area and its underlying *** was co.ducted along each river's watershed,from the Gobi in the upper reaches,through the anthropogenic impact area in the middle reaches,to the desert area in the lower *** physical-chemical indicators,including total soluble salts,pH,K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42-,Cl-,co.2-,Hco.-,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium,were tested,along with the total dissolved solids of surface water and *** results revealed that the soil water and nutrient co.tents in anthropogenic impact area were higher than those in Gobi and desert areas,while the pH and total soluble salts were lower than those in Gobi and desert *** ions in the soil of the study area were primarily Cl-,SO42-,K+,and Na+,and the ion co.centration of soil salt were positively co.related with surface water and ***,the study area exhibited low soil water co.tent,low clay co.tent,infertile soil,and high soil salinization,dominated by weak to moderate chloride-sulfate *** with Gobi and desert areas,the soil in anthropogenic impact area had higher soil water co.tent,lower pH,lower soluble salts,and higher nutrients,indicating that human farming activities help mitigate *** findings have practical implications for guiding the scientific prevention and co.trol of soil salinization in the arid areas and for promoting sustainable agricultural development.

关键词： soil salinization human activities spatial distribution Hotan Prefecture soil soluble salt soil nutrient

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Responses of runoff to changes in climate and human activities in the Liuhe River Basin, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1023-1043页

作者： LI Mingqian WANG He DU Wei GU Hongbiao ZHOU Fanchao CHI Baoming School of Eco.ogy and Environment Institute of Disaster PreventionLangfang 065201China Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Disaster Mechanism and Risk Monitoring Sanhe 065201China Suzhou Qianxing Environmental Engineering co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China co.lege of Transportation Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210000China Tianjin North China Geological exploration General Institute Tianjin 300000China

Since the 1950s,numerous soil and water co.servation measures have been implemented to co.trol severe soil erosion in the Liuhe River Basin(LRB),*** these measures have protected the upstream soil and water eco.ogical environment,they have led to a sharp reduction in the downstream flow and the deterioration of the river eco.ogical ***,it is important to evaluate the impact of soil and water co.servation measures on hydrological processes to assess long-term runoff *** the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)models and sensitivity analyses based on the Budyko hypothesis,this study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change,direct water withdrawal,and soil and water co.servation measures on runoff in the LRB during different periods,including different responses to runoff discharge,hydrological regime,and flood *** runoff series were divided into a baseline period(1956-1969)and two altered periods,i.e.,period 1(1970-1999)and period 2(2000-2020).Human activities were the main cause of the decrease in runoff during the altered periods,co.tributing 86.03%(-29.61 mm),while the co.tribution of climate change was only 13.70%(-4.70 mm).The impact of climate change manifests as a decrease in flood volume caused by a reduction in precipitation during the flood *** of two flood cases indicated a 66.00%-84.00%reduction in basin runoff capacity due to soil and water co.servation measures in the upstream *** and water co.servation measures reduced the peak flow and total flood volume in the upstream runoff area by 77.98%and 55.16%,respectively,even with nearly double the *** runoff co.fficient in the reservoir area without soil and water co.servation measures was 4.0 times that in the co.servation *** results co.tribute to the re-evaluation of soil and water co.servation hydrological effects and provide important guidance for water resource planning and water co.servation policy formu

关键词： runoff soil and water co.servation climate variability flood human activities Liuhe River Basin

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What co.trols the Distribution of Ore Veins in Quartz Vein-type Tungsten Deposits: co.strains from Fan-shaped Mineralization in SE China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Gui-co.g Fang Deng-Hong Wang Fu-Qiang Yang Zhan-Xu Ni Chang-Shuai Huang Ping Wang Meng Feng Zuo-Hai Feng Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits exploration， co.lege of Earth Science， Guilin University of Technology co.laborative Innovation Center for exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources By the Province and Ministry，Guilin University of Technology Institute of Mineral Resources， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Geophysical exploration Geological Team No.271 of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China Nonferrous Metal Guilin Research Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources co.， Ltd Guangdong Geologic Survey Institute

Quartz vein-type tungsten deposits are a co.mon W deposit type. Their ore vein distribution was previously co.sidered to be co.trolled by regional horizontal tectonic stress. In this paper， 14 tungsten deposits with fan-shaped mineralization in SE China are summarized， and the relations between their ore veins and granite and the ore-forming structural stress field are analyzed. These deposits have a post-magmatic hydrothermal genesis and involve the formation of two sets of veins with similar strike and opposite dips at the top of the ore-causative granite bodies， forming a vertical fan-shaped profile. Their ore veins were co.val with the underlying granite bodies， and generally extend along the long axis of the granite. In such fan-shaped ore formation， the stress is highly focused at the top of the granite and gradually weakens outward. The maximum principal stress (σ1) is perpendicular to the granite co.tact surface， and radiates outward from the pluton. Meanwhile， the minimum principal stress (σ3) forms an arc-shaped band parallel to the co.tact surface. Our findings， together with published numerical modeling indicate that the emplacement dynamics of granitic magma (rather than regional horizontal tectonic stress) are essential co.trols on the distribution of ore veins in quartz vein-type tungsten deposits.

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Better use of experience from other reservoirs for accurate production forecasting by learn-to-learn method

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 716-728页

作者： Hao-Chen Wang Kai Zhang Nancy Chen Wen-Sheng Zhou Chen Liu Ji-Fu Wang Li-Ming Zhang Zhi-Gang Yu Shi-Ti Cui Mei-Chun Yang China University of Petroleum(East China) 66 Changjiang West RoadQingdao West Coast New AreaQingdao266580ShandongChina University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NWCalgaryT2N 1N4AlbertaCanada Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266071ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation Beijing100028China CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. Beijing100028China CNPC Tarim Oilfield Branch co.pany Korla841000XinjiangChina National Engineering Laboratory for exploration and development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields Xi'an710000ShaanxiChina Sinopec Matrix co. LTDQingdao266000ShandongChina

To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the *** development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions ***,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be co.sidered in the same *** results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar *** paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various ***,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in ***,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and co.ied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different *** on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples co.lected from reservoirs in the same *** cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.

关键词： Production forecasting Multiple patterns Few-shot learning Transfer learning

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