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Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade:Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 60-79页

作者： Bartosz Kieronczyk Mateusz Rawski Zuzanna Mikołajczak Natalia Homska Jan Jankowski Katarzyna Ognik Agata Jozefiak Jan Mazurkiewicz Damian Jozefiak Department of Animal Nutrition Poznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland Laboratory of Inland fisheries and Aquaculture Department of ZoologyPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland Department of Poultry Science University of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Animal Sciences and BioeconomyUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinLublinPoland Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases Poznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland

The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent literature about the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value,further implementation of meals and fats derived from invertebrates to livestock(poultry and swine),aquaculture(salmonids),and companion animal diets and their impact on growth performance,metabolic response,and gastrointestinal microbiota ***,the most important barriers to obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value are considered,i.e.,to define insects'nutrient requirements,including various technological groups and further biomass processing(slaughtering,drying,and storage).Due to the current limitation in the insect production process consisting of the lack of infrastructure,there is stress on the relatively small amount of insect products added to the animal diets as a functional feed ***,only in the case of pet nutrition may insects be considered a full replacement for commonly used environmentally harmful and allergenic ***,the least information has been published on this ***,more scientific data are needed,particularly when the pet food branch and insect-based diets are rapidly growing.

关键词： Insect protein Poultry Pig Fish Pet Nutritive value

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Prospects of HSP70 as a genetic marker for thermo-tolerance and immuno-modulation in animals under climate change scenario

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 340-350页

作者： Faiz-ul Hassan Ayesha Nawaz Muhammad S.Rehman Muhammad A.Ali Syed M.R.Dilshad Chengjian Yang Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics Breeding and Reproduction TechnologyMinistry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning530001China Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Zoology Wildlife and fisheries University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Bahauddin Zakriya UniversityMultanPakistan Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Gomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan29050Pakistan

Heat stress induced by long periods of high ambient temperature decreases animal productivity,leading to heavy economic *** devastating situation for livestock production is even becoming worse under the present climate change *** focused to breed animals with better thermotolerance and climatic resilience are keenly sought these days to mitigate impacts of heat stress especially in high input livestock production *** 70-kDa heat shock proteins(HSP70) are a protein family known for its potential role in thermo-tolerance and widely considered as cellular ***70 function as molecular chaperons and have major roles in cellular thermotolerance,apoptosis,immune-modulation and heat *** of HSP70 is controlled by various factors such as,intracellular pH,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cyclic AMP),protein kinase C and intracellular free calcium,*** expression of HSP70 has been observed under oxidative stress leading to scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and protection of pulmonary endothelial barrier against bacterial *** in flanking and promoter regions in HSP70 gene have shown association with heat tolerance,weaning weight,milk production,fertility and disease susceptibility in *** review provides insight into pivotal roles of HSP70 which make it an ideal candidate genetic marker for selection of animals with better climate resilience,immune response and superior performance.

关键词： HSP70 Heat stress Thermo-tolerance Molecular chaperons Immunity livestock

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Assessing the Contribution of Ecotourism to Economic Growth and Rural Development Offered by Wildlife Resources to People Living in Communities around Matusadonha National Park

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Journal of Sustainable Business and Economics 2023年第2期6卷 12-24页

作者： Jesse Zvikonyaukwa Kudakwashe Musengi Clarice P Mudzengi Department of livestock Wildlife and FisheriesGreat Zimbabwe UniversityP.O Box 1235MasvingoZimbabwe South African Environmental Observation Network Arid Lands NodeKimberley8301South Africa

Ecotourism is one of the major drivers of economic growth and rural development in many countries involved in wildlife resource *** objective was to assess the contribution of ecotourism to economic growth and rural development offered to people living in communities around Matusadonha National Park.A total of 140 participants were interviewed and questionnaires were administered to the same number of *** were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative *** show that the majority of participants(57%)were *** operations were the major(54.7%)ecotourism activity in Matusadonha National *** half(58.8%)of participants indicated that ecotourism contributed toward economic growth in communities around Matusadonha National *** people(343)were employed on a part-time basis from 2000 to *** indicated that the standard of living in most communities increased by more than 50%.Above 50%of participants were satisfied with the contribution of ecotourism towards rural *** can be concluded that ecotourism has the potential to improve economic growth and rural development if close monitoring and accountability of funds are monitored *** people should be included in the accountability of funds and management of wildlife resources to improve economic benefits to local people.

关键词： Ecotourism Wildlife resources Matusadonha National Park Economic growth Rural development

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Effects of Methenamine Feeding Regime on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, Organs Histology and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 238-254页

作者： Kengni Noubissie Guyssela Josiane Kana Jean Raphaël Ngouana Tadjong Ruben Yemdjie Mane Doriane Divine Ebile Dayan Agwa Tchouan Deffo Gilchrist Necdem Tsafack Boris Valdes Issa Bachar Issa Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department of Animal Science University of Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of fisheries Resources Department of Aquaculture institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi University of Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of fisheries Resources Department of Aquaculture institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi University of Douala Cameroon

Microbial resistance in livestock has become a subject of great concern of public and scientific interest. This study was designed to assess the effects of methenamine feeding regime on growth performances of broilers chickens. For this purpose, 120 chicks of Cobb 500 strain, including 60 males and 60 females of 21 days old with an average weight of 639 g and 584 g respectively were used. They were randomly distributed in 60 experimental units of 2 chicks of same sex per cage until 49 days. Methenamine was incorporated in feed (TA), acidified (TEa) and non acidified (TE) water and compared to an antibiotic medicated diet as positive control (T0+) and a ration without any supplement as negative control (T0). The main results showed that, regardless of the feeding regime, methenamine significantly (p 0.05) increased feed inteake, body weight, weight gain and decreased (p 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Methenamine whatever the feeding regime induced a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria counts compared to coliforms and coccidies counts. Salmonella were absent throughout the trial period. Regardless of sex and feeding regime, hematological parameters were not significantly affected, with the exception of white blood cell and platelet concentration that decreased significantly (p 0.05) in male broilers. Serum content in ASAT (Aspartate-transferase), ALAT (Alanine-transferase), creatinine, urea and LDL-

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Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia generation in full-scale swine wastewater purification facilities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 115-122页

作者： Takashi Osada Makoto Shiraishi Teruaki Hasegawa Hirofumi Kawahara National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan Okayama Prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Misaki Okayama 709-3401 Japan Chiba Prefectural livestock Research Center Yachimata Chiba 289-1113 Japan Saga Prefectural Higashimastuura Agricultural Development and Extension Center Karatsu Saga 847-0861 Japan

The activated sludge process to remove nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） is reportedly cost-effective for swine wastewater treatment, and it use has thus increased in pig farming. Nitrous oxide （N20） is generated on farms as an intermediate product in nitrification and denitrification, and methane （CH4） is also generated from organic degradation under anaerobic conditions by microorganisms in manure or wastewater. This study was carried out at five activated sludge treatment facilities across Japan between August 2014 and January 2015. Measurements were conducted over several weeks at wastewater purification facilities for swine farms： two in Chiba prefecture （East Japan）, two in Okayama prefecture （West Japan）, and one in Saga （Southern Japan）. Taking several environmental fluctuations into account, we collected measurement data continuously day and night, during both high-temperature and low-temperature periods. The results indicated that CH4 and N20 emission factors were 0.91% （kgCHa·kg volatile solids^-1） and 2.87% （g N2O-N·kg total N^-1）, respectively. Ammonia emissions were negligible in all of the measurements from the wastewater facilities. The N20 emission factor calculated under this experiment was low compared to our previous finding （5.0%; g N2O-N·kg N^-1） in a laboratory experiment. In contrast, the CH4 emission factor calculated herein was rather high compared to the laboratory measurements. There was great variation in daily GHG emission factors measured in the actual wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, the N2O emission rate was affected by several environmental conditions at each facility location, as well as by the management of the wastewater treatment.

关键词： Manure Greenhouse gas Denitrification BOD/NNitrous oxide Methane

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游泳运动对异育银鲫“中科3号”甲状腺激素代谢的影响

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淡水渔业 2019年第6期49卷 3-9,26页

作者：王海珊李长江汤蓉李大鹏梁骁熊梅 Kommaly Onxayvieng 李莉华中农业大学水产学院水产养殖国家级实验教学示范中心池塘健康养殖湖北省工程实验室武汉430070 宜昌市水产技术推广站湖北宜昌443003 Department of livestock and fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryVientianeLao PDR

实验以异育银鲫“中科3号”(Carassius auratus gibelio ***Ⅲ)作为研究对象,以体长/秒(bl/s)为流速单位设置0、0.5、1和2 bl/s 4个水流速度实验组对鱼类进行游泳训练。运动训练8周后,检测其血清皮质醇含量、甲状腺激素(THs)和促甲状腺... 详细信息

实验以异育银鲫“中科3号”(Carassius auratus gibelio ***Ⅲ)作为研究对象,以体长/秒(bl/s)为流速单位设置0、0.5、1和2 bl/s 4个水流速度实验组对鱼类进行游泳训练。运动训练8周后,检测其血清皮质醇含量、甲状腺激素(THs)和促甲状腺素(TSH)含量、肝脏脱碘酶(IDs)活性、甲状腺组织形态以及与甲状腺激素代谢调控相关基因的表达量,以此探讨游泳运动对异育银鲫甲状腺激素代谢的影响。结果显示,游泳运动未引起血清皮质醇的显著变化,但血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)与三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量上升,在0.5 bl/s运动组中出现显著上升,游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)含量在2 bl/s运动组显著性上升,游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)含量在对照组与三个运动组间不存在显著性差异。TSH水平在0.5 bl/s与1 bl/s运动组中显著性上升。Ⅰ型脱碘酶(ID1)活性在0.5 bl/s运动组显著上升;Ⅱ型脱碘酶(ID2)活性随着流速的增加呈逐渐上升趋势,但各个实验组间无显著性差异;Ⅲ型脱碘酶(ID3)活性随着流速的上升而显著性下降。8周的运动训练显著性提升了甲状腺激素受体(tr-α)的基因表达水平。各组实验鱼的甲状腺腺泡胶质均匀,但各训练组的腺泡上皮细胞核有显著增大现象。研究结果表明,游泳运动可通过下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴调控甲状腺激素代谢过程,提升外周甲状腺激素水平。

关键词：异育银鲫“中科3号”(Carassius auratus gibelio var.CASⅢ) 甲状腺激素脱碘酶基因表达

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In vivo Pharm acodynam ic Effect of Thiam phenicol in Serum of Carassius auratus on Aerom onas hydrophila

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2014年第2期6卷 59-62,79页

作者： Yang Hongbo Wang Di LU Tongyan Heilongjiang fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Science College of fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University

This study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacodynamic effect of thiamphenicol( TAP) in serum of Carassius auratus on Aeromonas hydrophila. By combining the in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro pharmacodynamics,the pharmacodynamic effect of TAP on Aeromonas hydrophila was studied,and the data were processed and analyzed by software Excel 2007,Kinetica3P97 and Kinetica4. 4. The results showed that oral administration of singly 30 mg /kg TAP assumed a rapid assimilation-quickly peaking-slowly dispelling trend in Carassius auratus. The related parameters were measured as follows: time of peaked plasma concentration of TAP( Tpeak) of 1.5 h,peak concentration( Cmax) of 37.172 μg/mL and absorption rate( ka) of 1.523 h,half-life period T1/2( ka) of 0.455 h,lag time( TL)of 0. 02 h,elimination half life T1/2( ke) of 16.712 h. The half maximal effective concentration( EC50) was 14.28 h. The PK-PD parameters were 32.41 h in AUC0- 24/ MICserumand 23. 23 in Cmax/MICserum. Employing an inhibitory Sigmoid Emax model,the administration dosage of TAP for preventing Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia was 8. 61- 46. 20 mg /kg in clinical application. Based on these,we proposed the optimal administration route for preventing and controlling the Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia: delivering TAP at the ratio of 46. 20 mg /kg on diseased Carassius auratus by mixing with baits or oral administration,followed by delivering with baits at ratio of 8. 61 mg /kg for preventing the Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia. The results provided references for applying thiamphenicol for preventing and controlling the bacterial septicemia in aquatic livestock.

关键词： Carassius auratus serum Thiamphenicol(TAP) Aeromonas hydrophila In vitro pharmacodynamic effect

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Enhancing the immune response in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by addition of Chinese herbs Houttuynia cordata Thunb as a food supplement

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Aquaculture and fisheries 2019年第3期4卷 114-121页

作者： Huifeng Dang Teng Zhang Fan Yi Shigen Ye Juan Liu Qiang Li Hua Li Ruijun Li Agriculture and Rural Affairs ministry of Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and PreventionCollege of FisheriesDalian Ocean UniversityDalian 116023China Dalian Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Dalian 116000China Department of Ocean Technology College of Marine and Biology EngineeringYancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051China

The Chinese herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb(abbreviated as HCT hereafter)has been widely used in human and livestock medical ***,few studies have tested the effects of HCT in aquaculture systems,particularly in *** this study,the impact of HCT was evaluated when used as a feed additive to enhance the immune response of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus *** concentrations,1.5%and 3%,of HCT powder were tested by adding them to the *** experiments had a four week duration and each week,the humoral and cellular immunity index of the intestine,tentacles,peristome,and coelomic fluid were *** results indicated that the percentage of *** coelomocytes significantly increased after supplementing feed with HCT,and reached a peak after one week of feeding with the 3%HCT *** of reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicated that HCT in feed caused a notable increase in the coelomocyte ROS concentrations over the experimental *** both the 1.5%and 3%HCT addition groups,the ROS peaked in the third week and then remained *** addition,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,superoxide dismutase,lysozyme activity of the intestine,tentacles,peristome and coelomic fluid were significantly improved during the four-week test *** conclusion,1.5%and 3%HCT added to feed boosts the immune responses of *** has potential as an immune enhancer for mariculture of sea cucumbers.

关键词： Apostichopus japonicus Houttuynia cordata Thunb Humoral immunity Cellular immunity

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An Assessment of Youth Involvement in Agricultural Activities in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1034-1047页

作者： Siza Mthi Mandla Yawa Sive Tokozwayo Olusegun Oyebade Ikusika Nkululeko Nyangiwe Tanki Thubela Thobela Louis Tyasi Soul Washaya Masibonge Gxasheka Zuko Mpisana Msimelelo Buyisile Nkohla Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform D&#246 hne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Department of livestock and Pasture Science University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production University of Limpopo Polokwane South Africa Department of livestock Wildlife & Fisheries Great Zimbabwe University Masvingo Zimbabwe Department of Plant Production Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering University of Limpopo Polokwane South Africa Faculty of Education School of Further & Continuing Education University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa

Youth, who make up the majority of South Africa’s population and will be the future responsible citizens, confront numerous obstacles, including a lack of access to land, finance, markets, practical training, and incentives. The low interest of youngsters in agriculture is attributed to the poor status of agricultural output in Africa’s rural areas due to a lack of government support. The study was conducted to assess the involvement of youths in agricultural activities in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The convenient sampling technique was used, and qualitative data were collected from 104 participants using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, land ownership status, contact with extension personnel, and involvement in farming activities, funding, and constraints. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there were more males (59.6%) participants than females (40.4%) and the majority (74%) were between 20 - 35 years of age, 52.9% had senior secondary school level of education and came from a household size ranging from 6 - 19. Approximately 88.5% of participants had an agricultural background with an annual income of less than R20,000.00. More than half (51.9 %) of the study population, had farming experience less than 5 years, while 52.9% owned less than 2 hectares of land, and 78.8% were self-employed. Findings revealed that age (χ2 = 5.519, P χ2 = 43.981, P < 0.001) had a significant association with extension contact and farming enterprises respectively. Furthermore, lack of land ownership, high input costs, access to credit, visibility of extension personnel, lack of market access, low returns, high cost of mechanization, and lack of farming knowledge were the most ranked constraints hindering youth involvement in agricultural activities. Youth involvement in agricultural a

关键词： Agriculture Land Ownership Livelihood Youth Market Access

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Genomes reveal selective sweeps in kiang and donkey for high-altitude adaptation

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 450-460页

作者： Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Xiao-Long Tu Chang-Mian Ji Xiao Gou Ali Esmailizadeh Sheng Wang Ming-Shan Wang Ming-Cheng Wang Xiao-Long Li Hadi Charati Adeniyi CAdeola Rahamon Akinyele Moshood Adedokun Olatunbosun Oladipo Sunday Charles Olaogun Oscar JSanke Mangbon Godwin F Sheila Cecily Ommeh Bernard Agwanda Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti Jian-Lin Han Hong-Kun Zheng Chang-Fa Wang Ya-Ping Zhang Laurent A.F.Frantz Dong-Dong Wu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouHainan 571101China College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingYunnan 650201China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanPB 76169-133Iran Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Institute of Three-River-Source National Park Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghai 810008China School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkNY 10461USA Annoroad Gene Tech.(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsGermplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology Moor-PlantationIbadan 234102Nigeria Taraba State ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Jalingo 660221Nigeria Division of Veterinary Office Serti 663101Nigeria Institute For Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi 62000-00200Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 40658-00100Kenya State Department of livestock Ministry of AgricultureLivestockFisheries and IrrigationN

Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan ***,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this *** reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan ***,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has *** assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in *** Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high *** addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan *** findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.

关键词： Kiang Donkey High altitude Adaptation Selection

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