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Temporal-spatial Distribution of Various Types of Crime in the Special Wards of Tokyo

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2022年第2期5卷 19-28页

作者： Zhuo LIU Hui LIN Qinghua HE Yuling WANG School of Geography and Environment/UNESCO HIST-NB Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research ministry of education Nanchang 330022China

Based on the official criminal data released by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department in 2019,this paper discusses the temporal-spatial distribution of various types of crimes in the special wards of *** results show that:(1)The times of high and low incidence of different types of crime differ *** vicious crime and violent crime present no obvious monthly distribution,property crime clearly differs between the first and second half of a calendar year.(2)The month before the new year sees a surge in most types of crime.(3)Vicious crime peaks in the hours between night and early *** crime and property crime correlate positively with the frequency of human interaction and peak in the morning and evening commuting hours.(4)The spatial distribution of crime resembles the concentric circles of the three rings of the special wards of Tokyo,with a central high-incidence area,a center-peripheral low-incidence area,and a marginal high-incidence *** addition,the center sees more personal crime than the periphery,whereas property crimes show the opposite trend.(5)A spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the special wards of Tokyo may be grouped into the“high-high”and“low-low”agglomeration modes of different types of crime,with marked differences between the various types of *** crime can be divided into three types:central agglomeration,double central agglomeration,and decentralized agglomeration.

关键词： crime geography temporal-spatial distribution spatial analysis special wards of Tokyo

Mapping rice cropping systems using Landsat-derived Renormalized Index of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （RNDVI） in the poyang lake Region, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第2期10卷 303-314页

作者： Peng LI Luguang JIANG Zhiming FENG Sage SHELDON Xiangming XIAO Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China Department of Botany and Microbiology Center for Spatial Analysis University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

Mapping rice cropping systems with optical imagery in multiple cropping regions is challenging due to cloud contamination and data availability; development of a phenology-based algorithm with a reduced data demand is essential. In this study, the Landsat-derived Renorma- lized Index of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （RNDVI） was proposed based on two temporal windows in which the NDVI values of single and early （or late） rice display inverse changes, and then applied to discriminate rice cropping systems. The poyang lake Region （PLR）, characterized by a typical cropping system of single cropping rice （SCR, or single rice） and double cropping rice （DCR, including early rice and late rice）, was selected as a testing area. The results showed that NDVI data derived from Landsat time-series at eight to sixteen days captures the temporal development of paddy rice. There are two key phenological stages during the overlapping growth period in which the NDVI values of SCR and DCR change inversely, namely the ripening phase of early rice and the growing phase of single rice as well as the ripening stage of single rice and the growing stage of late rice. NDVI derived from scenes in two temporal windows, specifically early August and early October, was used to construct the RNDVI for discriminating rice cropping systems in the polder area of the PLR, China. Comparison with ground truth data indicates high classification accuracy. The RNDVI approach highlights the inverse variations of NDVI values due to the difference of rice growth between two temporal windows. This makes the discrimination of rice cropping systems straightforward as it only needs to distinguish whether the candidate rice typeis in the period of growth （RNDVI 〈 0） or senescence （RNDVI 〉 0）.

关键词： Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) Renormalized Index of NDVI (RNDVI) ricecropping systems phenology temporal windows poyanglake Region (PLR)

Sensitivity of lake-Effect Convection to the lake Surface Temperature over poyang lake in China

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Journal of Meteorological research 2022年第2期36卷 342-359页

作者： Haibo ZOU Shanshan WU Jiusheng SHAN key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research of ministry of education&School of Geography and Environmental Science Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022 Meteorological Sciences Institute of Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330046 key laboratory of Natural Disaster Monitoring Early Warning and Assessment of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang 330022 Jiangxi Climate Center Nanchang 330046

In this study, high-resolution weather research and forecasting(WRF) simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of lake-effect convection over poyang lake(PL) to the change of lake surface temperature(LST). A control experiment(CTR) with climate mean LST(303 K) is compared with six sensitivity experiments(CTR-1/2/3K and CTR+1/2/3K) in which the LSTs are set based on the mean LST difference of 6 K between the maximum and minimum. The results show that the CTR experiment reasonably reproduces the lake-effect convection, and the lake-effect convection in sensitivity experiments is significantly influenced by the LST. With the increase of LST, the initiation time of the lake-effect convection is advanced gradually, while the initiation location moves PL from its *** lake-effect convection strengthens(weakens) in the increase-temperature CTR+1/2/3K(decrease-temperature CTR-1/2/3K) experiments, but the lake-effect convection does not monotonically strengthen with the LST, for the strongest one occurring in the CTR+1K experiment. The corresponding diagnostic analysis shows that the upward sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over PL increase with the LST, resulting in the enhancement of the lake-land breeze and the enlargement of the convective available potential energy(CAPE). This is the main reason for the changes in the initiation time and location, as well as the intensity of lake-effect convection in different *** addition, the non-monotonous variation of the level of free convection, which is mainly induced by the non-monotonous variation of the lifting condensation level, is responsible for the non-monotonous variation of the lake-effect convection intensity with the LST.

关键词： poyang lake lake-effect convection lake breeze convective available potential energy(CAPE) level of free convection(LFC)

The impact of geomorphology of marsh creeks on fish assemblage in Changjiang River estuary

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 469-479页

作者：金斌松许旺郭立陈家宽傅萃长 Center for watershed Ecology Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource UtilizationMinistry of EducationNanchang University ministry of education key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan University State key laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University

Tidal marshes are an important habitat and nursery area for fi *** the past few decades,rapid economic development in the coastal areas of China has led to the interruption and destruction of an increasing number of tidal *** growing interest in tidal marsh restoration has increased the need to understand the relationship between geomorphological features and fi sh assemblages in the design of marsh restoration *** studied temporal variations in,and the effects of creek geomorphological features on,the estuarine tidal creek fi sh *** modifi ed channel nets,we sampled fi sh monthly from March 2007 to February 2008 from seven tidal creeks along an intertidal channel system in Chongming Dongtan National Nature *** creek geomorphological variables were measured or derived to characterize intertidal creek geomorphological *** Gobiidae,with 10 species,was the most speciesrich *** most abundant fi sh species were Liza affi nis,Chelon haematocheilus,and Lateolabrax *** fi sh community was dominated by juvenile marine transients,which comprised about 80% of the total *** highest abundance of fi sh occurred in June and July,and the highest biomass occurred in *** redundancy analyses demonstrated that depth,steepness,cross-sectional area,and volume signifi cantly affected the fi sh species *** nis favored small creeks with high *** ommaturus,Acanthogobius luridus,and Carassius auratus preferred deep,steep creeks with a large cross-sectional area and *** fi ndings indicate that the geomorphological features of tidal creeks should be considered in the conservation and sustainable management of fi sh species and in the restoration of salt marshes.

关键词： intertidal environment habitat selection geomorphology restoration salt marshes Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary

Spatiotemporal changes in forest loss and its linkage to burned areas in China

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第6期31卷 2525-2536页

作者： Zhiwei Wu Saijia Yan Lei He Yanlong Shan key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research Ministry of EducationJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022People’s Republic of China School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022People’s Republic of China Jiangxi Provincial key laboratory of poyang lake Comprehensive Management and Resource Development Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022People’s Republic of China Forestry College Beihua UniversityJilin 132013People’s Republic of China

Fire-induced forest loss has substantially increased worldwide over the last *** China,the connection between forest loss and frequent fi res on a national scale remains largely *** this study,we used a data set for a time-series of forest loss from the Global Forest Watch and for a MODIS-derived burned area for 2003–2015 to ascertain variations in forest loss and to explore its relationship with forest fi res(represented by burned areas)at the country-and forest-zone *** quantifi ed trends in forest loss during 2003–2015 using linear regression analysis and assessed the relation between forest loss and burned areas using Spearman’s *** loss increased signifi cantly(264.8 km 2 a−1;R 2=0.54,p<0.01)throughout China,with an average annual increase of 11.4%during 2003–***,the forest loss trend had extensive spatial *** loss increased mainly in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone(315.0 km 2 a−1;R 2=0.69,p<0.01)and tropical rainforest zone(38.8 km 2 a−1;R 2=0.66,p<0.01),but the loss of forest decreased in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone(−70.8 km 2 year−1;R 2=0.75,p<0.01)and the temperate deciduous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest zone(−14.4 km 2 a−1;R 2=0.45,p<0.05).We found that 1.0%of China’s area had a signifi cant positive correlation(r≥0.55,p<0.05)with burned areas and 0.3%had a signifi cant negative correlation(r≤−0.55,p<0.05).In particular,forest loss had a signifi cant positive relationship with the burned area in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone(16.9% of the lands)and the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone(7.8%).These results provide a basis for future predictions of fi re-induced forest loss in China.

关键词： Forest loss Forest fire Burned area Spatiotemporal variability Correlation analysis

Contaminations of Heavy Metals in Surface Soils of Various Lands and Their Health Risks in Tianjin Qilihai Ancient Lagoon wetlands,China

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湿地科学 2016年第5期14卷 700-709页

作者： XIANG Lixiong XIE Zhenglei DU Zebing JIANG Yinghui XIE Chao LONG Ting School of Geography & Environmental Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P.R.China key laboratory of education ministry for poyang lake wetland & watershed research Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P.R.China

A total of 36 surface soil profiles were set at the wetlands in Qilihai Ancient Lagoon wetlands,Tianjin,the surface soils of 0-20 cm depth were sampled at various use types of lands to provide information on the concentrations of heavy metals in the coastal *** concentrations of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu),lead(Pb),chromium(Cr)and zinc(Zn)were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry(ICP-AES)to address the pollution levels in the sampling *** results showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cu in the soils disturbed by human activities intensively,the Phragmites australis marshes,the farmland,the brushes decreased in turn;among the sites,the concentrations of As,Cd and Cu were the highest in the soil of build-up areas,while the concentrations of Pb and Zn were the higher in the soil of *** mean concentrations of Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Zn and As in the soils of 0-20 cm depth were 38.74 mg/kg,83.52 mg/kg,0.19 mg/kg,34.27 mg/kg,121.7 mg/kg and 18.77 mg/kg,*** contamination indices of As were on the high pollution level in the soils of farmland and disturbed by human activities intensively;the concentrations of Cd in the soils of the marshes and farmland were at the moderate pollution level,while that in the soil disturbed by human activities intensively was at high pollution *** values of comprehensive contamination index demonstrated that the variation of As contents was the maximum in the soils,Cd pollution reached to a high *** index showed that As pollution was at moderate level,and Cd,Cu and Zn pollution were at slight level,and the Pb and Cr pollution wasn't found in the build-up areas.

关键词：中国研究问题政策天津

Major Elements in Soils Along a 2.8-km Altitudinal Gradient on the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Pedosphere 2016年第6期26卷 895-903页

作者： WANG Zhaofeng Alfred E.HARTEMINK ZHANG Yili ZHANG Hua DING Mingjun key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab key laboratory of poyang lake and watershed Resarch Ministry of EducationJiangxi Normal University

There are a series of special mountain soils on the Tibetan Plateau of China in an alpine environment for the high altitude. However, very few studies have focused on major soil elements in relation to soil formation in this area. Aluminum （Al）, iron （Fe）, calcium （Ca）, sodium （Na）, potassium （K） and magnesium （Mg） contents of 237 topsoil samples covering a 2.8-km altitudinal gradient in uncultivated areas along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway of China were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The spatial distribution of the elements and its relationship to the parent rocks and climatic parameters were analyzed. Soils along the gradient are derived from a range of parent materials, but most are less than 30 cm deep with little development （Cambisols）. Soil Al, Fe and Mg contents showed a decreasing trend from the start station （Xining Station） to end station （Lhasa Station） of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, whereas soil K and Na contents were relative stable from Xining Station to the Kunlun Mountains and then increased gradually. Soil Ca content was lower in the southern part of the Tanggula Mountains. The major soil element contents clearly reflected the parent rock and climatic influences. Soils with higher Ca content appeared in areas with Ca-Mg carbonate rocks, soils with higher Al were found in areas with silicate-rich and high-Al silicate clastic rocks and silicate-rich aluminosilicate loose sediments. Soils with higher K and Na contents appeared in areas with high-K, high-Na and silicate-rich aluminosilicate rocks. Soil Na and K contents were affected by temperature, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al were more affected by precipitation. Soil Na and K contents increased with increasing temperatures, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al decreased with increasing precipitation. This analysis provides a relationship between soil properties and rapidly changing environmental conditions. The data can be used to investigate the

关键词： alpine environment climate mountain soil parent material precipitation temperature pedogenesis soil formation

Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on the Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network and Echo-Top Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 1043-1057页

作者： Haibo ZOU Shanshan WU Miaoxia TIAN key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research of ministry of education&School of Geography and Environmental Science Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China Meteorological Sciences Institute of Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330046China key laboratory of Natural Disaster Monitoring Early Warning and Assessment of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang 330022China Jiangxi Climate Center Nanchang 330046China

The Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) neural network has great potential in estimating and predicting a variable. In addition to radar reflectivity(Z), radar echo-top height(ET) is also a good indicator of rainfall rate(R). In this study, we propose a new method, GRU_Z-ET, by introducing Z and ET as two independent variables into the GRU neural network to conduct the quantitative single-polarization radar precipitation estimation. The performance of GRU_Z-ET is compared with that of the other three methods in three heavy rainfall cases in China during 2018, namely, the traditional Z-R relationship(Z=300R1.4), the optimal Z-R relationship(Z=79R1.68) and the GRU neural network with only Z as the independent input variable(GRU_Z). The results indicate that the GRU_Z-ET performs the best, while the traditional Z-R relationship performs the worst. The performances of the rest two methods are *** further evaluate the performance of the GRU_Z-ET, 200 rainfall events with 21882 total samples during May–July of 2018 are used for statistical analysis. Results demonstrate that the spatial correlation coefficients, threat scores and probability of detection between the observed and estimated precipitation are the largest for the GRU_Z-ET and the smallest for the traditional Z-R relationship, and the root mean square error is just the opposite. In addition, these statistics of GRU_Z are similar to those of optimal Z-R relationship. Thus, it can be concluded that the performance of the GRU_ZET is the best in the four methods for the quantitative precipitation estimation.

关键词： quantitative precipitation estimation Gated Recurrent Unit neural network Z-R relationship echo-top height

Remote Sensing and GIS Application in the Detection of Environmental Degradation Indicators

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2011年第1期14卷 39-47页

作者： HadeelA S Mushtak T Jabbar CHEN Xiaoling State key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079. China Department of Soil and Water College of Agriculture University of Basrah (Iraq) key laboratory of poyang lake wetland and watershed research Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022. China

The main aim of this research is to highlight the environment change indicators during the last 20 years in a representative area of the southern part of Iraq （Basrah Province was taken as a case） to understand the main causes which led to widespread environment degradation phenomena using a 1：250000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS＇s software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM＋ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover （LULC） classes： vegetation land, sand land, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Normalized Difference Build-up Index （NDBI）, Normalized Difference Water Index （NDWI）, Normalized Difference Salinity Index （NDSI）, and Topsoil Grain Size Index （GSI） were adopted in this research and used respectively to retrieve its class boundary. The results showed a clear deterioration in vegetative cover （514.9 km2） and an increase of sand dune accumulations （438.6 km2）, accounting for 10.1, and 10.6 percent, respectively, of the total study area. In addition, a decrease in the water bodies＇ area was detected （228.9 kin2）. Sand area accumulations had increased in the total study area, with an annual increasing expansion rate of （33.7 km2 · yr^-1） during the thirteen years covered by the study. It is therefore imperative that Iraqi government undertake a series of prudent actions now that will enable to be in the best possible position when the current environmental crisis ultimately passes.

关键词： environment degradation LULC RS GIS classification indices