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Using non-destructive sampling to evaluate the population genomic status of captive Brown Eared Pheasants

Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 291-297页

作者： Pengcheng Wang Ping Hu Jinping Zhang Lixia Zhang Jing Zhang Zhengwang Zhang Jiangsu key laboratory for biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Taiyuan Zoo Taiyuan030009China Beijing Zoo Management Office Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies of Beijing ZooBeijing100044China ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Evaluating the genetic status of threatened species is an essential task in conservation ***,the genetic status of threatened species has been mostly evaluated through techniques that fail to estimate genetic diversity at the whole genomic *** generation sequencing can meet this demand,but high quality samples such as blood or muscle tissues are ***,it is difficult to collect such samples from threatened species because sampling work may impact their ***,it is essential to design a workflow to evaluate the whole genomic status of threatened species using non-destructive *** though non-destructive sampling has been used in traditional barcoding technique,the barcoding technique cannot evaluate the whole genomic *** Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)is an endangered species,with captive populations maintained in Taiyuan Zoo,China,and ***,the genetic diversity,inbreeding pattern,and mutation load of these two populations are *** uncover the genetic status of these two captive populations,we applied 2b-RAD technology to evaluate the genomic status of these populations using feathers as *** feathers could be collected by non-destructive *** results indicate that the Taiyuan Zoo population has a lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient than the European *** Taiyuan Zoo population has lethal mutations when *** current project uses a non-destructive sampling technique to evaluate the whole genomic status of the two captive populations,providing a paradigm for conservation genetics,which will facilitate the development of conservation biology.

关键词： Genetic diversity Inbreeding coefficient Kinship Mutation load Threatened species

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Genome sequences of five Sitopsis species of Aegilops and the origin of polyploid wheat B subgenome

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 488-503页

作者： Lin-Feng Li Zhi-Bin Zhang Zhen-Hui Wang Ning Li Yan Sha Xin-Feng Wang Ning Ding Yang Li Jing Zhao Ying Wu Lei Gong Fabrizio Mafessoni Avraham A.Levy Bao Liu key laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the ministry of education(MOE) Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and ecological engineering School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Plant and Environmental sciences The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 RehovotIsrael Faculty of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China

Common wheat(Triticum aestivum,BBAADD)is a major staple food crop *** diploid progenitors of the A and D subgenomes have been unequivocally identified;that of B,however,remains ambiguous and controversial but is suspected to be related to species of Aegilops,section ***,we report the assembly of chromosome-level genome sequences of all five Sitopsis species,namely Aegilops bicornis,***,***,***,and ***,as well as the partial assembly of the Amblyopyrum muticum(synonym Aegilops mutica)genome for phylogenetic *** results reveal that the donor of the common wheat B subgenome is a distinct,and most probably extinct,diploid species that diverged from an ancestral progenitor of the B lineage to which the still extant *** and *** *** addition,we identified interspecific genetic introgressions throughout the evolution of the Triticum/Aegilops species *** five Sitopsis species have various assembled genome sizes(4.11-5.89 Gb)with high proportions of repetitive sequences(85.99%-89.81%);nonetheless,they retain high collinearity with other genomes or subgenomes of species in the Triticum/Aegilops *** in genome size were primarily due to independent post-speciation amplification of *** also identified a set of Sitopsis genes pertinent to important agronomic traits that can be harnessed for wheat *** newly assembled genome resources provide a new roadmap for evolutionary and genetic studies of the Triticum/Aegilops complex,as well as for wheat improvement.

关键词： Aegilops Sitopsis genetic introgression genome evolution polyploid wheat Triticum

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Household Solid Waste Awareness and Practices among Residents of Windhoek, Namibia

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 641-655页

作者： Jolosi Mukena Youcai Zhao Songa Mutonga College of Environmental Science and engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai institute of Pollution Control and ecological Security Shanghai China College of Agriculture & Environmental sciences University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodology, the research investigates the interplay between public awareness, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of waste management facilities to assess their impact on waste management behaviors. Our findings indicate significant gaps in both knowledge and infrastructure that hinder effective waste management. The study reveals that while there is a high willingness among residents to engage in recycling and waste reduction, actual practices are limited due to inadequate facilities and lack of stringent enforcement of waste policies. This research identifies key factors that influence waste management practices, including demographic characteristics and access to waste management facilities. It also proposes actionable strategies such as expanding recycling and sorting facilities, enhancing educational campaigns tailored to local needs, and implementing regular enforcement mechanisms. These strategies are aimed at improving compliance with waste management protocols and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. The results of this investigation show the critical role of ongoing education and infrastructural improvement in bridging existing knowledge gaps and facilitating effective waste management practices. This research lays a foundational step toward enhancing sustainable urban development and effective waste management in Windhoek, providing valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders engaged in urban environmental management.

关键词： Household Solid Waste Management (HSWM) Public Awareness Waste Segregation Windhoek West Recycling Facilities

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The gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第6期49卷 569-578页

作者： Chenglin Liu Zhonghan Sun Shalaimaiti Shali Zhendong Mei Shufu Chang Hanjun Mo Lili Xu Yanni Pu Huihui Guan Guo-Chong Chen Qibin Qi Zhexue Quan Ji Qi Kang Yao Yuxiang Dai Yan Zheng Junbo Ge State key laboratory of Genetic engineering School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China ministry of education key laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Cardiology Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseaseZhongshan HospitalFudan University1609 Xietu RoadShanghai 200032China Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461USA ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity ScienceSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of gut microbiome in human ***,the integrative role of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains *** current study profiles the microbial community through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing and measures fecal short-chain fatty acids and circulating choline pathway metabolites among 117 new-onset AMI cases and 78 *** microbial alternations are observed in AMI patients compared with controls(P=0.001).The abundances of nine species(e.g.,Streptococcus salivarius and Klebsiella pneumoniae)are positively associated,and one species(Roseburia hominis)is inversely associated with AMI status and severity.A gut microbial score at disease onset is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in 3.2 years(hazard ratio[95%CI]:2.01[1.04-4.24])in AMI *** molar proportions of fecal acetate and butyrate are higher,and the circulating levels of choline and carnitine are lower in AMI patients than in *** addition,disease classifiers show that AMI cases and controls have a more distinct pattern in taxonomical composition than in pathways or *** findings suggest that microbial composition and functional potentials are associated with AMI status and severity.

关键词： Acute myocardial infarction Atherosclerosis Microbiome Short-chain fatty acids

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Dual functions of a novel effector in the plant and pathogen arms race

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 366-368页

作者： Han Lu Mingjun Gao ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and ecological engineering National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuaryInstitute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterium that causes bacterial wilt disease in over 250 plant *** has been identified as one of the top ten most serious plant pathogenic bacteria globally,causing significant crop yield loss every *** its large impact on agricultural economics,the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense against Ralstonia infection and by which Ralstonia grows within the plant xylem remain largely *** a recent article,Ke et *** a distinct pathogen effector,which acted as an immune elicitor in plants but also played dual roles in compromising plant immune activation and increasing nutrient acquisition from the host plants for pathogen propagation.

关键词： Ralstonia solanacearum Bacterial wilt PehC Immune response

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2000-2020年中国建设用地扩张侵占耕地的时空特征及其与粮食产量的空间关系

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2024年第5期34卷 855-870页

作者：李资华丁明军谢坤李静茹陈利文 Territorial Spatial Survey and Planning institute Department of Natural Resources of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang 330025China engineering Technology Innovation Center for ecological Protection and Restoration of Land Space in the Great Lakes Basin Ministry of Natural ResourcesNanchang 330025China School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330028China key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of ministry of education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330028China Yuzhang Normal University Nanchang 330103China Nanjing engineering Vocational College of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 211135China

Construction land expansion is a key driver of urbanization and industrialization,yet it poses the risk of losing farmland and cascading impacts on food *** spatial char-acteristics of farmland occupied by construction land and its association with grain yield in China were *** analyzed the characteristics of farmland converted into construction land,and its relationship with grain yield in China for *** land increased in area in central and western regions of China,and farmland decreased in area in south-eastern *** expansion of construction land in the North China Plain,Northeast China Plain,and the Loess Plateau,occurred at the expense of *** the southeast coast of China,grain yield increase was only weakly dependent on farmland *** in which farmland was converted into construction land and grain-yield change were highly coupled in southeastern coastal China,Sichuan Basin,Shandong Peninsula,and the Hu Huanyong *** should be noted that expansion in construction land area does have some influence on grain production;ultimately it is greatly affected by yield per unitarea.

关键词： construction land expansion change in farmland grain yield temporal and spatial variation Chinese counties

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The vocalization of the red junglefowl is a signal of body size and individual health

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 393-400页

作者：郝佩佩赵凯黄希饶晓东梁伟张雁云 ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Forestry/Wuzhishan National Long Term Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China ministry of education key laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Bird songs are considered a sexually selected trait that can reflect the individual health of males as well as the vitality of potential mates and their *** features should,therefore,be related to parasite load and body ***,we performed a thorough acoustic analysis of the display calls of 9-month-old sub-adults and 18-month-old adults of pasture-raised red junglefowls Gallus *** investigated whether the calls of pasture-raised red junglefowls can indicate body size and body condition,in addition to the influence of parasitic infection intensity on the expression of sexual *** found that frequency-related syllable parameters were significantly positively correlated with wing length in adults,whereas body weight was independent of both the frequency and temporal parameters of *** addition,we correlated parasitic load with the expression of sexually selected traits and discovered a positive association between the intensity of parasite infection and wing length in sub-adults,independent of vocal ***,the results suggest that the vocalization of red junglefowls may convey reliable body size information,which will facilitate further studies of different vocal parameters in the transmission of bird vocalizations.

关键词： blood parasite male quality morphology red junglefowl Gallus gallus vocalization

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Intraspecific variation in microhabitat selection in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 121-127页

作者： Chunlin Zhao Jianyi Feng Zijian Sun Wei Zhu Jiang Chang Wenbo Fan Jianping Jiang Bisong Yue Tian Zhao key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment(ministry of education) College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China CAS key laboratory of Mountain ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and ecological Restoration biodiversity Conservation key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China State key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Reintroduction of captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders is a primary approach for restoring wild *** previous studies have investigated the habitat preferences of reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders,the intraspecific variation in their habitat selection has been *** the present study,30 captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders belonging to 3 groups(i.e.,10 males,10 females,and 10 juveniles)were released into a montane stream to explore whether intraspecific variation in habitat selection occurred in this species using *** results indicated that linear home range and daily movement of males were significantly higher than those of females and *** sedentariness was significantly lower than that of females and *** significant differences were detected between females and juveniles in these ***,we found that males preferred microhabitats with low water conductivity and deep water *** preferred microhabitats with high water conductivity,low dissolved oxygen and ammonium-nitrogen,and slow current velocity,while juveniles occupied microhabitats with low *** addition,males and juveniles exhibited higher niche breadth than *** overlap was high between adults and juveniles but low between males and *** study revealed the presence of spatial segregation in reintroduced Chinese giant ***,females,and juveniles exhibited variation in microhabitat *** results provide important information for use when planning strategies for conservation of Chinese giant salamanders.

关键词： intraspecific variability microhabitatvariables niche reintroduction spatial segregation

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Extensive gene flow in secondary sympatry after allopatric speciation

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 24-36页

作者： Xinfeng Wang Ziwen He Zixiao Guo Ming Yang Shaohua Xu Qipian Chen Shao Shao Sen Li Cairong Zhong Norman C.Duke Suhua Shi State key laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity Science and ecological engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Department of laboratory Medicine& Pathology University of Washington Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove) Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research James Cook University

In the conventional view,species are separate gene pools delineated by reproductive isolation(RI).In an alternative view,species may also be delineated by a small set of ’speciation genes’ without full RI,a view that has gained broad acceptance.A recent survey,however,suggested that the extensive literature on’speciation with gene flow’ is mostly(if not all) about exchanges in the early stages of *** is no definitive evidence that the observed gene flow actually happened after speciation is ***,we wish to know whether ’good species’(defined by the ’secondary sympatry’ test) do continue to exchange genes and,importantly,under what conditions such exchanges can be *** novo whole-genome assembly and re-sequencing of individuals across the range of two closely related mangrove species(Rhizophora mucronata and R. stylosa) reveal the genomes to be well delineated in *** became sympatric in northeastern Australia but remain distinct ***,their genomes harbor～4000-10 000 introgression blocks averaging only about 3-4 *** fine-grained introgressions indicate continual gene flow long after speciation as non-introgressable ’genomic islets,’～1.4 Kb in size,often harbor diverging genes of flower or gamete *** fine-grained introgression in secondary sympatry may help settle the debate about sympatric ***-allopatric *** conclusion,true’good species’ may often continue to exchange genes but the opportunity for detection is highly constrained.

关键词： mangroves population genomics speciation introgression species hybridization

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Limited ecological risk of insect-resistance transgene flow from cultivated rice to its wild ancestor based on life-cycle fitness assessment

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Science Bulletin 2016年第18期61卷 1440-1450页

作者： Lei Li Xiao Yang Lei Wang Huanxin Yan Jun Su Feng Wang Bao-Rong Lu ministry of education key laboratory for biodiversity and ecological engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University Fujian Province key laboratory of Genetic engineering for Agriculture Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

ecological impact caused by transgene flow from genetically engineered(GE) crops to their wild relatives is largely determined by the fitness effect brought by a transgene. To estimate such impact is critical for the ecological risk assessment prior to the commercialization of GE crops. We produced F1 and F2hybrid descendants from crosses of two insect-resistant GE rice lines(Bt, Bt/Cp TI)and their non-GE rice parent with a wild rice(Oryza rufipogon) population to estimate the transgenic fitness. Insect damages and life-cycle fitness of GE and non-GE crop–wild hybrid descendants as well as their wild parent were examined in a common-garden experiment. No significant differences in insect damages were observed between the wild rice parent and GE hybrid descendants under highinsect pressure. The wild parent showed significantly greater relative survival-regeneration ratios than its GE and non-GE hybrid descendants under both high- and low-insect pressure. However, more seeds were produced in GE hybrid descendants than their non-GE counterparts under high-insect pressure. Given that the introduction of Bt and Bt/Cp TI transgenes did not provide greater insect resistance to crop–wild hybrid descendants than their wild parent, we predict that transgene flow from GE insect-resistant rice to wild rice populations may not cause considerable ecological risks.

关键词：适应度评价全生命周期抗虫转基因生态风险水稻杂交基因流转基因作物杂交后代

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