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Proppant transport in rough fracture networks using supercritical CO2

petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1852-1864页

作者： Yong Zheng Meng-Meng Zhou Ergun Kuru Bin Wang Jun Ni Bing Yang Ke Hu Hai Huang Hai-Zhu Wang School of petroleum engineering Xi'an Shiyou University Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) School of mining and petroleum engineering University of Alberta Shaanxi Yanchang petroleum (Group) Co. Ltd.

Proppant transport within fractures is one of the most critical tasks in oil, gas and geothermal reservoir stimulation, as it largely determines the ultimate performance of the operating well. Proppant transport in rough fracture networks is still a relatively new area of research and the associated transport mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, representative parameters of rough fracture surfaces formed by supercritical CO2fracturing were used to generate a rough fracture network model based on a spectral synthesis method. Computational fluid dynamics（CFD） coupled with the discrete element method（DEM） was used to study proppant transport in this rough fracture network. To reveal the turning transport mechanism of proppants into branching fractures at the intersections of rough fracture networks, a comparison was made with the behavior within smooth fracture networks, and the effect of key pumping parameters on the proppant placement in a secondary fracture was analyzed. The results show that the transport behavior of proppant in rough fracture networks is very different from that of the one in the smooth fracture networks. The turning transport mechanisms of proppant into secondary fractures in rough fracture networks are gravity-driven sliding, high velocity fluid suspension, and fracture structure induction. Under the same injection conditions, supercritical CO2with high flow Reynolds number still has a weaker ability to transport proppant into secondary fractures than water. Thickening of the supercritical CO2needs to be increased beyond a certain value to have a significant effect on proppant carrying, and under the temperature and pressure conditions of this paper, it needs to be increased more than 20 times（about 0.94 m Pa s）. Increasing the injection velocity and decreasing the proppant concentration facilitates the entry of proppant into the branching fractures, which in turn results in a larger stimulated reservoir volume. The results help to understand the proppant transport and placement proce

关键词： Reservoir stimulation CCUS Rough fracture network Supercritical CO 2 Proppant transport

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A contrasting analysis of CO_(2)and N_(2)foam flood for enhanced oil recovery and geological storage of CO_(2)

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petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 55-60页

作者： Alireza Roozbahani Farshad Soofivan Ali Sagban Hassoon Al-Tameemi Hadi Abdollahi Sogand Saatchi Abdolhamid Ansari petroleum engineering department Faculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran School of Chemical and petroleum engineering Shiraz UniversityShirazIran School of Chemical and petroleum engineering Shiraz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShirazIran department of petroleum engineering Science and Research BranchAzad UniversityTehranIran department of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Rasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran department of petroleum engineering Lamerd BranchIslamic Azad UniversityLamerdIran

Foam flooding using CO_(2)has emerged as a promising method for both enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and the storage of CO_(2)in geological reservoirs.This study conducts a thorough analysis of the behavior of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams in bulk and porous media,utilizing bubble-scale analyses and foam flooding experiments.The study compares the foamability and longevity of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams,with findings indicating that N_(2)foam bubbles tend to be smaller and less varied in size than CO_(2)foam bubbles,leading to increased foam stability.Additionally,the study compares the half-lives of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams generated through sparging and winding methods,showing that N_(2)foam has half-lives 22 and 10 times greater than CO_(2)foam when produced using the sparging and winding methods,respectively.Furthermore,CO_(2)foam generated through the sparging method had a lower foaming volume than N_(2)foam due to CO_(2)'s solubility.In the foam flooding experiments,N_(2)foam proved more effective in recovering oil from porous media than CO_(2)foam,thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the foam injection procedure.These results offer valuable insights into the differing performance of N_(2)and CO_(2)foam floods for EOR and CO_(2)geological storage.

关键词： CO_(2)storage Foam flood Enhanced oil recovery N_(2)foam CO_(2)foam

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Experimental investigation into effects of the natural polymer and nanoclay particles on the EOR performance of chemical flooding in carbonate reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 951-961页

作者： Amir Mohammad Zamani Ashkan Moslemi Kamran Hassani department of petroleum engineering Islamic Azad University Science and Research BranchTehranIran Institute of petroleum engineering University of TehranTehranIran

This paper aims to investigate the tragacanth gum potential as a natural polymer combined with natural clay mineral(montmorillonite,kaolinite,and illite)nanoparticles(NPs)to form NP-polymer suspension for enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in carbonate reservoirs.Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)tests were conducted initially in order to evaluate the properties of tragacanth gum.Subsequently,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX)tests were used to detect the structure of clay particles.In various scenarios,the effects of natural NPs and polymer on the wettability alteration,interfacial tension(IFT)reduction,viscosity improvement,and oil recovery were investigated through contact angle system,ring method,Anton Paar viscometer,and core flooding tests,respectively.The entire experiment was conducted at 25,50,and 75℃,respectively.According to the experimental results,the clay minerals alone did not have a significant effect on viscosity,but the addition of minerals to the polymer solution leads to the viscosity enhancement remarkably,resulting mobility ratio improvement.Among clay NPs,the combination of natural polymer and kaolinite results in increased viscosity at all temperatures.Considerable wettability alteration was also observed in the case of natural polymer and illite NPs.Illite in combination with natural polymer showed an ability in reducing IFT.Finally,the results of displacement experiments revealed that the combination of natural polymer and kaolinite could be the best option for EOR due to its substantial ability to improve the recovery factor.

关键词： Chemical flooding Tragacanth gum Clay nanoparticle Wettability IFT

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Impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第3期16卷 942-960页

作者： Ke Sun Huiqing Liu Juliana Y.Leung Jing Wang Yabin Feng Renjie Liu Zhijiang Kang Yun Zhang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China School of mining&petroleum engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 1H9Canada SINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing100083China

To gain insight into the flow mechanisms and stress sensitivity for fractured-vuggy reservoirs,several core models with different structural characteristics were designed and fabricated to investigate the impact of effective stress on permeability for carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks(CFVR).It shows that the permeability performance curves under different pore and confining pressures(i.***.altered stress conditions)for the fractured core models and the vuggy core models have similar change patterns.The ranges of permeability variation are significantly wider at high pore pressures,indicating that permeability reduction is the most significant during the early stage of development for fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Since each obtained effective stress coefficient for permeability(ESCP)varies with the changes in confining pressure and pore pressure,the effective stresses for permeability of four representative CFVR show obvious nonlinear characteristics,and the variation ranges of ESCP are all between 0 and 1.Meanwhile,a comprehensive ESCP mathematical model considering triple media,including matrix pores,fractures,and dissolved vugs,was proposed.It is proved theoretically that the ESCP of CFVR generally varies between 0 and 1.Additionally,the regression results showed that the power model ranked highest among the four empirical models mainly applied in stress sensitivity characterization,followed by the logarithmic model,exponential model,and binomial model.The concept of“permeability decline rate”was introduced to better evaluate the stress sensitivity performance for CFVR,in which the one-fracture rock is the strongest,followed by the fracture-vug rock and two-horizontalfracture rock;the through-hole rock is the weakest.In general,this study provides a theoretical basis to guide the design of development and adjustment programs for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs.

关键词： Effective stress Permeability Carbonate fractured-vuggy rocks Structure characteristics Stress sensitivity

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Helmholtz decomposition with a scalar Poisson equation in elastic anisotropic media

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1597-1610页

作者： Xin-Yu Fang Gang Yao Qing-Qing Zheng Ping-Min Zhang Di Wu Feng-Lin Niu State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Unconventional petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum (Beijing) department of Mathematics College of Science China University of Petroleum (Beijing) College of Geophysics China University of Petroleum (Beijing) department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Rice University

P-and S-wave separation plays an important role in elastic reverse-time migration. It can reduce the artifacts caused by crosstalk between different modes and improve image quality. In addition, P-and Swave separation can also be used to better understand and distinguish wave types in complex media. At present, the methods for separating wave modes in anisotropic media mainly include spatial nonstationary filtering, low-rank approximation, and vector Poisson equation. Most of these methods require multiple Fourier transforms or the calculation of large matrices, which require high computational costs for problems with large scale. In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to separate the wave mode for anisotropic media by using a scalar anisotropic Poisson operator in the spatial domain.For 2D problems, the computational complexity required by this method is 1/2 of the methods based on solving a vector Poisson equation. Therefore, compared with existing methods based on pseudoHelmholtz decomposition operators, this method can significantly reduce the computational cost. Numerical examples also show that the P and S waves decomposed by this method not only have the correct amplitude and phase relative to the input wavefield but also can reduce the computational complexity significantly.

关键词： Anisotropic media Scalar anisotropic Poisson equation Improved elastic wavefield decomposition

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New insights into the deposition of natural gas hydrate on pipeline surfaces:A molecular dynamics simulation study

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 694-704页

作者： Jun Zhang Hai-Qiang Fu Mu-Zhi Guo Zhao Wang Li-Wen Li Qi Yin You-Guo Yan Wei Wei Wei-Feng Han Jie Zhong School of Materials Science and engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina School of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina department of Alternative Energy PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentLangfang 065007HebeiChina

Natural gas hydrate(NGH)can cause pipeline blockages during the transportation of oil and gas under high pressures and low temperatures.Reducing hydrate adhesion on pipelines is viewed as an efficient way to prevent NGH blockages.Previous studies suggested the water film can greatly increase hydrate adhesion in gas-dominant system.Herein,by performing the molecular dynamics simulations,we find in water-dominant system,the water film plays different roles in hydrate deposition on Fe and its corrosion surfaces.Specifically,due to the strong affinity of water on Fe surface,the deposited hydrate cannot convert the adsorbed water into hydrate,thus,a water film exists.As water affinities decrease(Fe>Fe_(2)O_(3)>FeO>Fe_(3)O_(4)),adsorbed water would convert to amorphous hydrate on Fe_(2)O_(3)and form the ordered hydrate on FeO and Fe_(3)O_(4)after hydrate deposition.While absorbed water film converts to amorphous or to hydrate,the adhesion strength of hydrate continuously increases(Fe

关键词： Deposition Natural gas hydrate Pipelines Water affinity Adhesion strength

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Optimizing calcination of coal by-products for maximizing REE leaching recovery and minimizing Al,Ca,and Fe contamination

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1354-1365页

作者： Tushar Gupta Ahmad Nawab Rick Honaker MP Materials Mountain Pass Mine department of mining engineering University of Kentucky

High-temperature calcination is effective in improving the leaching characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs) from conventional REE-bearing minerals by transforming them into more leachable forms.However,the recovery of contaminants such as Al,Fe,and Ca also increases significantly.The objective of the study was to maximize the REE extraction while minimizing the concentration of contaminant ions(Al,Ca,and Fe) in the leach solution.Representative density fractions of the coarse refuse from the Baker and Fire Clay seam coal refuse were pulverized to a top size of 180 μm and used as a feedstock for the study.All the samples generated from thermal treatment were leached at 1%(w/v) using 1.2 mol/L sulfuric acid at 75℃ for 2 h.Test results from a parametric program based on a Box-Behnken design were used for modeling and optimization of three operating parameters associated with the lab-scale calcination process.The parameters included temperature(400-800℃),ramp rate(2-10℃/min) and holding time(0-120 min).It was determined that the calcination temperature was the most significant parameter influencing REE recovery.The majority of the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs) were found to be present in an insoluble form in the calcination products and were marginally affected by thermal treatment.A strong correlation between light rare earth elements recovery(LREEs) and Al suggested a possible association with clays.The optimum operating conditions for high REE recovery with comparatively lower contaminant concentration for 1.6 specific gravity float and 2.2 sink fractions of Baker and Fire Clay seam material were determined to be at 776,800℃ and 407,800℃,calcining temperatures,respectively.A higher optimum temperature of 1.6 float fraction of Baker seam relative to Fire Clay seam material was due to elevated pyrite concentration in Baker seam material.Thermal treatment at 400℃ converted pyrite into a soluble intermedium iron oxide,resulting in a high Fe content in the leachate.Calcining at 776℃ converted most of the solubl

关键词： Calcination Coal refuse Optimization Rare earth elements

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Multi-Dimensional QoS Evaluation and Optimization of Mobile Edge Computing for IoT:A Survey

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第4期33卷 859-874页

作者： Jiwei HUANG Fangzheng LIU Jianbing ZHANG Beijing Key Laboratory of petroleum Data mining China University of Petroleum department of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum

With the evolvement of the Internet of things(IoT), mobile edge computing(MEC) has emerged as a promising computing paradigm to support IoT data analysis and processing. In MEC for IoT, the differentiated requirements on quality of service(QoS) have been growing rapidly, making QoS a multi-dimensional concept including several attributes, such as performance, dependability, energy efficiency, and economic factors. To guarantee the QoS of IoT applications, theories and techniques of multi-dimensional QoS evaluation and optimization have become important theoretical foundations and supporting technologies for the research and application of MEC for IoT,which have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry. This paper aims to survey the existing studies on multi-dimensional QoS evaluation and optimization of MEC for IoT, and provide insights and guidance for future research in this field. This paper summarizes the multi-dimensional and multi-attribute QoS metrics in Io T scenarios, and then several QoS evaluation methods are presented. For QoS optimization, the main research problems in this field are summarized, and optimization models as well as their corresponding solutions are elaborated. We take notice of the booming of edge intelligence in artificial intelligence-empowered Io T scenarios, and illustrate the new research topics and the state-of-the-art approaches related to QoS evaluation and optimization. We discuss the challenges and future research directions.

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Smart electrochemical sensing of amyloid-beta to manage total Alzheimer's diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1185-1186页

作者： Ajeet Kaushik School of engineering University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) NanoBioTech Laboratory Department of Environmental Engineering Florida Polytechnic University

Need for Alzheimer ’s disease progression monitoring: Alzheimer ’s disease(AD) is an irreversible progressive brain disorder that causes severe and incurable neuro-impairment. The World Health Organization estimates that 55 million people are affected by AD dementia by 2020 which may exceed 78 million by 2030 and 139 in 2050. The estimated cost to manage AD is above US$ 1.3 trillion, which will further increase to US$ 2.8 trillion by 2030.

关键词： IMMUNOSENSOR

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Artificial ground freezing of underground mines in cold regions using thermosyphons with air insulation

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 643-654页

作者： Ahmad F. Zueter Mohammad Zolfagharroshan Navid Bahrani Agus P. Sasmito department of Civil and Resource engineering Dalhousie University department of mining engineering Mc Gill University

Current practice of underground artificial ground freezing(AGF) typically involves huge refrigeration systems of large economic and environmental costs. In this study, a novel AGF technique is proposed deploying available cold wind in cold regions. This is achieved by a static heat transfer device called thermosyphon equipped with an air insulation layer. A refrigeration unit can be optionally integrated to meet additional cooling requirements. The introduction of air insulation isolates the thermosyphon from ground zones where freezing is not needed, resulting in:(1) steering the cooling resources(cold wind or refrigeration) towards zones of interest; and(2) minimizing refrigeration load. This design is demonstrated using well-validated mathematical models from our previous work based on two-phase enthalpy method of the ground coupled with a thermal resistance network for the thermosyphon. Two Canadian mines are considered: the Cigar Lake Mine and the Giant Mine. The results show that our proposed design can speed the freezing time by 30% at the Giant Mine and by two months at the Cigar Lake Mine. Further, a cooling load of 2.4 GWh can be saved at the Cigar Lake Mine. Overall, this study provides mining practitioners with sustainable solutions of underground AGF.

关键词： Artificial ground freezing Underground mining Sustainable mining Thermosyphon Air insulation Cold regions

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