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Spatial-temporal shifting patterns and in situ conservation of spotted seal(Phoca largha)populations in the Yellow Sea ecoregion

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 307-318页

作者： Hongfei ZHUANG Fei SHAO Chao ZHANG Wancai XIA Shouqiang WANG Fangyuan QU Zongling WANG Zhichuang LU Linlin ZHAO Zhaohui ZHANG First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoChina Department of Natural resources of Shandong Province Shandong Forestry Protection and Development Service CenterJinanChina National Park(Protected Areas)Development Center National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina College of Life Science China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute DalianChina

Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region.However,this population has declined by 80%since the 1940s,and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk.A time-series niche model and life-history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey(2010–2020)of the YSE population.The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons,respectively.The closed-loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world.The conservation priority area(CPA),with an area of 19632 km^(2)(3.58%of the total YSE area),was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk.However,nearly 80%of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas(MPAs).Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein,and it is recommended for Korea’s closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August.This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals.Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.

关键词： conservation priority area marine protected area migration seasonal management spotted seal

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Consequences of fractal grade distribution for bulk sorting of a copper porphyry deposit

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 477-480页

作者： Peter Coghill David Miljak Elizabeth Williams CSIRO mineral resources flagship

We show the presence of fractal ordering of copper grade in bore core data at short range in the Cadia Ridgeway porphyry deposit and measure its persistence after mining by monitoring the output of the mine every 20 s for a month using a large scale, zero field magnetic resonance sensor. A simple model is used to investigate this connection and its consequences for sorting of the ore. Fractal distributions, and their associated power laws, have two features highly favourable for segregating ore： a large proportion of low-grade pods and the large scale spatial clustering of grade.

关键词： FractalMagnetic resonanceCopperPorphyry

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Recovery of nickel,cobalt,copper and zinc in sulphate and chloride solutions using synergistic solvent extraction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 237-248页

作者： chu yong cheng keith r.barnard wensheng zhang zhaowu zhu yoko pranolo minerals resources flagship KarawaraWA 6152Australia

A number of synergistic solvent extraction(SSX) systems have been developed to recover nickel,cobalt,zinc and copper from sulphuric and chloride leach solutions by the solvent extraction team of CSIRO,Australia.These include(1) Versatic 10/CLX50 system for the separation of Ni from Ca in sulphate solutions,(2) Versatic 10/4PC system for the separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions,(3) Cyanex 471X/HRJ-4277 system for the separation of Zn from Cd in sulphate solutions,(4) Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions,(5) Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system for separation of Ni and Co from Mn/Mg/Ca in sulphate solutions,(6) Versatic 10/LIX63 system for the separation of cobalt from nickel in sulphate solutions by difference in kinetics,(7) Cyanex 272/LIX84 system for the separation of Cu/Fe/Zn from Ni/Co in sulphate solutions,(8) Versatic 10/LIX63/TBP system to recover Cu/Ni from strong chloride solutions,and(9) Versatic10/LIX63 system to separate Cu from Fe in strong chloride solutions.The synergistic effect on metal separation and efficiency is presented and possible industrial applications are demonstrated.The chemical stability of selected SSX systems is also reported.

关键词：硫酸盐溶液镍钴分离氯化物溶液协同萃取铜/镍溶剂萃取法锌镉回收

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Strongly seasonal Proterozoic glacial climate in low palaeolatitudes:Radically different climate system on the pre-Ediacaran Earth

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 555-571页

作者： George E.Williams Phillip W.Schmidt Grant M.Young Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia CSIRO mineral resources flagship PO Box 52North RydeNSW 16FOAustralia Department of Earth Sciences University of Western OntarioLondonOntario N6A 5B7Canada

Proterozoic （pre-Ediacaran） glaciations occurred under strongly seasonal climates near sea level in low palaeolatitudes. Metre-scale primary sand wedges in Cryogenian periglacial deposits are identical to those actively forming, through the infilling of seasonal （winter） thermal contraction-cracks in perma- frost by windblown sand, in present-day polar regions with a mean monthly air temperature range of 40 ~C and mean annual air temperatures of -20 ~C or lower. Varve-like rhythmites with dropstones in Proterozoic glacial successions are consistent with an active seasonal freeze-thaw cycle. The seasonal （annual） oscillation of sea level recorded by tidal rhythmites in Cryogenian glacial successions indicates a significant seasonal cycle and extensive open seas. Palaeomagnetic data determined directly for Prote- rozoic glacial deposits and closely associated rocks indicate low palaeolatitudes： Cryogenian deposits in South Australia accumulated at 〈10% most other Cryogenian deposits at 〈20~ and Palaeoproterozoic deposits at 〈15~ palaeolatitude. Palaeomagnetic data imply that the Proterozoic geomagnetic field approximated a geocentric axial dipole, hence palaeolatitudes represent geographic latitudes. The Cry- ogenian glacial environment included glacier-flee, continental permafrost regions with ground frozen on a kyr time-scale, aeolian sand-sheets, extensive and long-lived open seas, and an active hydrological cycle. This palaeoenvironment confiicts with the ＇snowball Earth＇ and ＇slushball Earth＇ hypotheses, which cannot accommodate large seasonal changes of temperature near the equator. Consequently, their proponents have attempted to refute the evidence for strong seasonality by introducing Popperian ＇auxiliary assumptions＇. However, non-actualistic arguments that the Cryogenian sand wedges indicate diurnal or weakly seasonal temperature changes are based on misunderstandings of periglacial pro- cesses. Modelling of a strongly seasonal climate for a frozen-over Earth is invalidated by the evidence for persistent

关键词： Proterozoic Glaciation Periglacial structures Varves Paleoclimate Paleomagetism

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An Elevated Perspective: Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 54-55页

作者： Gregory DERING Steven MICKLETHWAITE Stephen J.BARNES Marco FIORENTINI Alexander CRUDEN Eric TOHVER School of Earth Sciences ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems University of Western Australia mineral resources flagship CSIRO School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University

An abundance of data from seismic and geodetic monitoring has provided new insight into dyke propagation and emplacement mechanisms.These studies show that faulting and fracturing is part of the magma

关键词： rock An Elevated Perspective Dyke-Related Fracture Networks Analysed with Uav Photogrammetry

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How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 62-80页

作者： HaiYang Xi JingTian Zhang Qi Feng Lu Zhang JianHua Si TengFei Yu Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIRO Land and Water flagship

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.

关键词： groundwater changes desert riparian forest Ejina Oasis WAVES leaf area index(LAI) water budgets

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A major quantitative trait locus controlling phosphorus utilization efficiency under different phytate-P conditions at vegetative stage in barley

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第2期17卷 285-295页

作者： GAO Shang-qing CHEN Guang-deng HU De-yi ZHANG Xi-zhou LI Ting-xuan LIU Shi-hang LIU Chun-ji College of resources Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 P.R. China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 P.R. China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture flagship St Lucia Queensland 4067 Australia

Organic phosphorus（P） is an important component of the soil P pool, and it has been proven to be a potential source of P for plants. The phosphorus utilization efficiency（PUE） and PUE related traits（tiller number（TN）, shoot dry weight（DW）, and root dry weight） under different phytate-P conditions（low phytate-P, 0.05 mmol L^-1 and normal phytate-P, 0.5 mmol L^-1） were investigated using a population consisting of 128 recombinant inbred lines（RILs） at the vegetative stage in barley. The population was derived from a cross between a P-inefficient genotype（Baudin） and a P-efficient genotype（CN4027, a Hordeum spontaneum accession）. A major locus（designated Qpue.sau-3 H） conferring PUE was detected in shoots and roots from the RIL population. The quantitative trait locus（QTL） was mapped on chromosome 3 H and the allele from CN4027 confers high PUE. This locus explained up to 30.3 and 28.4% of the phenotypic variance in shoots under low and normal phytate-P conditions, respectively. It also explains 28.3 and 30.7% of the phenotypic variation in root under the low and normal phytate-P conditions, respectively. Results from this study also showed that TN was not correlated with PUE, and a QTL controlling TN was detected on chromosome 5 H. However, dry weight（DW） was significantly and positively correlated with PUE, and a QTL controlling DW was detected near the Qpue.sau-3 H locus. Based on a covariance analysis, existing data indicated that, although DW may affect PUE, different genes at this locus are likely involved in controlling these two traits.

关键词： barley phosphorus utilization efficiency quantitative trait locus recombinant inbred line phytate-P

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A comprehensive approach for assessing the economic contribution of forage and livestock improvement options to smallholder farming enterprises

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1573-1580页

作者： Neil Mac Leod Scott Waldron WEN Shi-lin Agriculture flagship Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) University of Queensland Red Soils Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The importance of livestock production activities to improving the livelihoods of smallholder farming households and the efficiency of their underlying farming systems is increasingly recognized.A rapid increase in livestock numbers, especially beef cattle, and special purpose forages is being promoted for smallholder farms which have traditionally undertaken subsistence cropping activities or simple livestock rearing activities using low quality feedstuffs.Because limited plantings of specialized forages combined with a poor knowledge of animal nutrition are a challenge to establishing sustainable livestock enterprises, much public policy and research is now being focused on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices.A number of economic studies have suggested that specialized forage growing and livestock feeding activities can make a positive contribution to smallholder welfare.The studies have typically compared the total level of farm or household income with and without livestock activities.Little attention is given to how much the new forage or livestock activities actually contribute to or draw resources from other farm activities to assess their real economic contribution to the enterprise, and the availability of simple tools to assist in making such assessments are limited.This paper describes a simple modelling approach that was developed for an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research（ACIAR）-supported project to explore the real as opposed to apparent economic impact of integrating improved forages and livestock within smallholder farming systems in the Red Soils region of south-central China.Application of the model is demonstrated using a simple case study of a smallholder enterprise that plans to introduce a new beef cattle rearing activity to its existing farm activity mix.The case study highlights the importance of explicitly valuing transfers of resources between different farm activities to gauge the real contribution of those activities to economic returns.

关键词： smallholder farming systems,economics,resource transfers,opportunity costs,economic profit

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An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency

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National Science Review 2020年第10期7卷 1523-1526页

作者： Dongbao Sun Haigang Li Enli Wang Wenqing He Weiping Hao Changrong Yan Yuzhong Li Xurong Mei Yanqing Zhang Zhanxiang Sun Zhikuan Jia Huaiping Zhou Tinglu Fan Xucheng Zhang Qin Liu Fengju Wang Chaochun Zhang Jianbo Shen Qingsuo Wang Fusuo Zhang Centre for resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Education Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CSIRO Agriculture flagship Inner Mongolia key laboratory of soil quality and nutrient resources Key laboratory of grassland resource (IMAU) Ministry of EducationCollege of Grassland Resources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agronomy (Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Northwest A & F University Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Dryland Agricultural Research Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Since 1990, crop yields have stagnated in many parts of the world, posing a significant challenge to global food security [1].As such, innovative solutions are needed to increase the resource-use efficiency of croppin... 详细信息

关键词： GROWTH FURROW RIDGE PRODUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE MOISTURE MAIZE WHEAT

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Cropping Pattern Modifications Change Water Resource Demands in the Beijing Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第11期11卷 1914-1923页

作者： HUANG Jing Bradley G Ridoutt XU Chang-chun ZHANGHai-lin CHEN Fu College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sustainable Agriculture Flagship Victoria 3169 Australia

Adequate freshwater supply has become an issue of increasing local and international concern. Reducing water use in agriculture, which is the largest water using sector of the economy, is both important and urgent. The aim of this paper was to quantify how recent cropping pattern changes have influenced water resources in the great Beijing metropolitan area, an expanding megacity which also includes rural counties. Crop production affects blue water use through water consumption and water pollution, the latter assessed here using a critical dilution method. From 1990 to 2010, the total blue water used by crop production declined due to a decrease in overall cropped area, initially in response to local government policies favouring urban development. However, the average blue water use per hectare increased from 2 112 m3 ha-~ yr-~ in 1990 to 2 764 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in 2003, largely as the result of a transition from cereal to vegetable crops, and in particular an increase in intensively managed plastic and glass covered vegetable production systems. Current policies aim to conserve agricultural land, in the interests of food security, and to stimulate cereal production systems with higher ecosystem services provision. As such, in 2010 the average blue water use was 2 425 m3 ha-~ yr-l. These results demonstrate that cropping pattern changes in peri-urban regions and rural communities surrounding the Beijing metropolitan area can have a substantial impact on water resources. They also highlight the tradeoffs between food production and urban and industrial water supply and the need for integrated policy development.

关键词： blue water use water consumption water pollution cropping pattern adjustment peri-urban food production

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