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Recent progress on the synthesis of 2-deoxy glycosides

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第9期60卷 1162-1179页

作者： Jing Zeng Yang Xu Hao Wang Lingkui Meng Qian Wan 0030 China institute of brain Research Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 410030China

2-Deoxy glycosides are widely presented in natural products and clinical *** presence of 2-deoxy glycosides is essential for bioactivities of these *** report provides an overview of the recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy ***,the contents of this review covered the work published since the earlier reviews on this topic by Marzabadi(2000),Lowary(2009),Ding(2012) and Nagorny(2012).

关键词： 2-deoxy glycosides, glycosylation, stereoselective synthesis, oligosaccharides

Effect of short-term plasticity on working memory

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第11期32卷 642-649页

作者：杨帆刘锋 Department of Physics and institute for brain Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

The way in which persistent firing activity and synaptic plasticity are orchestrated to underlie working memory in recurrent neural networks is not fully understood. Here, we build a continuous attractor network of pyramidal cells and interneurons to simulate an oculomotor delayed response task. Both short-term facilitation(STF) and short-term depression(STD) manifest at synapses between pyramidal cells. The efficacy of individual synapses depends on the time constants of STF and STD as well as the presynaptic firing rate. Self-sustained firing activity(i.e., a bump attractor) during the delay period encodes the cue position. The bump attractor becomes more robust against random drifts and distractions with enhancing STF or reducing STD. Keeping STF and STD at appropriate levels is crucial for optimizing network performance. Our results suggest that, besides slow recurrent excitation and strong global inhibition, short-term plasticity plays a prominent role in facilitating mnemonic behavior.

关键词： bump attractor synaptic plasticity robustness sensitivity

Status of biomarker development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2117-2118页

作者： Yue Yang Qi Cheng Jianqun Gao Woojin Scott Kim brain and mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia Stroke and Neurology Research Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and brain Functional Modulation ShanghaiChina Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine ShanghaiChina Translational Research institute of brain and brain-Like Intelligence Shanghai Fourth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Frontotemporal dementia(FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases that belong to the same disease spectrum,with overlapping of genetic and pathological *** mutations in TARDBP,C9ORF72,... 详细信息

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis diseases

Bandgap characteristics analysis and graded design of a novel metamaterial for flexural wave suppression

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 1-24页

作者： Fan YANG Zhaoyang MA Xingming GUO Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai University Shanghai institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control

A novel elastic metamaterial is proposed with the aim of achieving lowfrequency broad bandgaps and bandgap regulation. The band structure of the proposed metamaterial is calculated based on the Floquet-Bloch theorem, and the boundary modes of each bandgap are analyzed to understand the effects of each component of the unit cell on the bandgap formation. It is found that the metamaterials with a low elastic modulus of ligaments can generate flexural wave bandgaps below 300 Hz. Multi-frequency vibrations can be suppressed through the selective manipulation of bandgaps. The dual-graded design of metamaterials that can significantly improve the bandgap width is proposed based on parametric studies. A new way that can regulate the bandgap is revealed by studying the graded elastic modulus in the substrate. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear gradient of the elastic modulus in the substrate offers better bandgap performance. Based on these analyses, the proposed elastic metamaterials can pave the way for multi-frequency vibration control, low-frequency bandgap broadening, and bandgap tuning.

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Lessons from human vision for robotic design

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Autonomous Intelligent Systems 2021年第1期1卷 3-12页

作者： Melvyn A.Goodale The brain and mind institute The University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B7Canada Department of Psychology The University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5C2Canada

The visual guidance of goal-directed movements requires transformations of incoming visual information that are different from those required for visual *** us to grasp an object successfully,our brain must use justin-time computations of the object’s real-world size and shape,and its orientation and disposition with respect to our *** requirements have led to the emergence of dedicated visuomotor modules in the posterior parietal cortex of the human brain(the dorsal visual stream)that are functionally distinct from networks in the occipito-temporal cortex(the ventral visual stream)that mediate our conscious perception of the *** the identification and selection of goal objects and an appropriate course of action depends on the perceptual machinery of the ventral stream and associated cognitive modules,the execution of the subsequent goal-directed action is mediated by dedicated online control systems in the dorsal stream and associated motor *** dorsal stream allows an observer to reach out and grasp objects with exquisite ease,but by itself,deals only with objects that are visible at the moment the action is being *** ventral stream,however,allows an observer to escape the present and bring to bear information from the past-including information about the function of objects,their intrinsic properties,and their location with reference to other objects in the *** then,both streams contribute to the production of goal-directed *** principles underlying this division of labour between the dorsal and ventral streams are relevant to the design and implementation of autonomous robotic systems.

关键词： Perception vs.action Dorsal visual stream Ventral visual stream Tele-assistance Grasping

Naturally Occurring Parkinson’s Disease Raises the Need for Nonhuman Primates in Neurodegenerative Diseases Research

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第8期37卷 1267-1269页

作者： Yuxuan Yao Ji Dai CAS Key Laboratory of brain Connectome and Manipulation The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people[1].Typical symptoms of FD include bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and postural instability[1].Therefore,PD severely a... 详细信息

关键词： degenerative rigidity tremor

Versatile strategies for adult neurogenesis:avenues to repair the injured brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 774-780页

作者： Junyi Zhao Siyu Liu Xianyuan Xiang Xinzhou Zhu The brain Cognition and brain Disease institute(BCBDI) Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen-Hong Kong institute of brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions

brain injuries due to trauma or stroke are major causes of adult death and ***,few interventions are effective for post-injury repair of brain *** a long debate on whether endogenous neurogenesis actually happens in the adult human brain,there is now substantial evidence to support its *** neurogenesis is usually significantly stimulated by injury,the reparative potential of endogenous differentiation from neural stem/progenitor cells is usually ***,exogenous stem cell transplantation has shown promising results in animal models,but limitations such as poor long-term survival and inefficient neuronal differentiation make it still challenging for clinical ***,a high focus was placed on glia-to-neuron conversion under single-factor *** some inspiring results,the validity of this strategy is still *** this review,we summarize historical findings and recent advances on neurogenesis strategies for neurorepair after brain *** also discuss their advantages and drawbacks,as to provide a comprehensive account of their potentials for further studies.

关键词： adult neurogenesis glia-to-neuron conversion ischemic stroke neurogenic niche neuroinflammation stem cell transplantation traumatic brain injury

Biphasic Cholinergic Modulation of Reverberatory Activity in Neuronal

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第5期39卷 731-744页

作者： Xiao-Wei Li Yi Ren Dong-Qing Shi Lei Qi Fang Xu Yanyang Xiao Pak-Ming Lau Guo-Qiang Bi CAS Key Laboratory of brain Function and Disease School of Life SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230027China CAS Key Laboratory of brain Connectome and Manipulation Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Informationthe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen 518055China

Acetylcholine(ACh)is an important neuromod-ulator in various cognitive ***,it is unclear how ACh influences neural circuit dynamics by altering cellular ***,we investigated how ACh influ-ences reverberatory activity in cultured neuronal *** found that ACh suppressed the occurrence of evoked reverberation at low to moderate doses,but to a much lesser extent at high ***,high doses of ACh caused a longer duration of evoked reverberation,and a higher occur-rence of spontaneous *** whole-cell recording from single neurons,we found that ACh inhibited excita-tory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs)while elevating neu-ronal firing in a dose-dependent ***,all ACh-induced cellular and network changes were blocked by muscarinic,but not nicotinic receptor *** computational modeling,we found that simulated changes in EPSCs and the excitability of single cells mimicking the effects of ACh indeed modulated the evoked network reverberation similar to experimental ***,ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion,probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways.

关键词： Acetylcholine Neuronal network Reverberation Synaptic current Excitability

Programmable deaminase-free base editors for G-to-Y conversion by engineered glycosylase

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 78-87页

作者： Huawei Tong Nana Liu Yinghui Wei Yingsi Zhou Yun Li Danni Wu Ming Jin Shuna Cui Hengbin Li Guoling Li Jingxing Zhou Yuan Yuan Hainan Zhang Linyu Shi Xuan Yao Hui Yang HuidaGene Therapeutics Co. Ltd. Department of Neurology and institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Neuroscience and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical University institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Center for brain Science and brain-Inspired Intelligence

Current DNA base editors contain nuclease and DNA deaminase that enables deamination of cytosine(C)or adenine(A), but no method for guanine(G) or thymine(T) editing is available at present. Here we developed a deaminase-free glycosylase-based guanine base editor(gGBE) with G editing ability, by fusing Cas9 nickase with engineered N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase protein(MPG). By several rounds of MPG mutagenesis via unbiased and rational screening using an intron-split EGFP reporter, we demonstrated that gGBE with engineered MPG could increase G editing efficiency by more than 1500 ***, this gGBE exhibited high base editing efficiency(up to 81.2%) and high G-to-T or G-to-C(i.e. G-to-Y) conversion ratio(up to 0.95) in both cultured human cells and mouse embryos. Thus, we have provided a proof-of-concept of a new base editing approach by endowing the engineered DNA glycosylase the capability to selectively excise a new type of substrate.

关键词： glycosylase base excision repair base editor depurination deaminase-free transversion