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A 220 GHz Orthogonal Modulator Based on Subharmonic Mixers Using Anti-Paralleled Schottky Diodes

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第3期31卷 562-568页

作者： HE Yue LIU Ge LIU Juan LIN Changxing SU Wei microsystem and Terahertz research center China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics

In this paper, A 220 GHz orthogonal modulator based on two symmetrical subharmonic mixers is designed, analyzed and measured, where the mixers are implemented basde on antiparallel Schottky diodes.The orthogonal modulator consists of a 90° phase shifted220 GHz 3 d B coupler, two sub-harmonically pumped mixers and an in-phase 110 GHz 3 d B power divider. The IF output signals are in-phase(I) branch and quadrature(Q) branch operating from DC±3.5 GHz. In the back to back experimentaltests, it is shown that the conversion loss of the two 220 GHz I/Q mixers is less than 30 d B when the IF operating frequency is DC-3.5 GHz, IF input power is-10 d Bm and the LO power is around 6 m W. Based on floating-point simulation, the amplitude and phase imbalance of the I/Q mixer are less than 0.2 d B and 2 degree respectively. When the 220 GHz modulator and demodulator are set in a back to back configuration, a signal-to-noise ratio of 21 d B can be obtained using the 16 QAM modulation type.

关键词： Terahertz Orthogonal modulator I/Q mixer Schottky diode Communication system

Phase-sensitive manipulation of squeezed state by a degenerate optical parametric amplifier inside coupled optical resonators

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Optoelectronics Letters 2022年第3期18卷 135-142页

作者： DI Ke WANG Wenbo CUI Wei GUO Junqi LIU Yu DU Jiajia Chongqing Engineering research center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

In this paper, we investigate the quantum fluctuations of subharmonic reflected field from a triple-resonant degenerate optical parametric amplifier(OPA) inside coupled optical resonators, which is driven by the squeezed beam at signal frequency. By controlling the relative phase between the pump beam and the injected signal beam, we can see the quantum fluctuation in the phase direction and amplitude direction due to the parametric down-conversion process in the cavity. Thus, the phase sensitive operation of the compression field is realized due to the quantum interference between the harmonic field of the down converter of OPA and the inner field of the coupled optical resonator. We verified the quantum coherent phenomena of OPA in coupled optical resonators and phase-sensitive manipulations of quantum entanglement for quantum information processing. We realized the electromagnetically induced transparency-like(EIT-like) effect and the optical parameter conversion process at the same time in one optical device. These properties can favor higher manipulation precision and control efficiency, which is more suitable for the integration of quantum-on-chip systems, laying a foundation for the practical application of quantum information.

关键词： quantum parametric degenerate

Simulation and experimental verification of off-axis fiber Bragg grating bending sensor with high refractive index modulation

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Optoelectronics Letters 2022年第4期18卷 200-203页

作者： CUI Wei ZHOU Yanfang YAN Zhonghua GUO Junqi YUE Yiting CHEN Hao Chongqing Engineering research center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

Off-axis FBG simulations were performed in this paper using a finite element method in conjunction with the conformal mapping technique to study the bending sensing characteristics of the off-axis FBG with high index modulation.The refractive index(RI)increase of the grating region is taken into consideration for the mode field simulation.The influences of high RI increase and the offset distance of the grating on the bending sensitivity were analyzed.Off-axis FBGs with different offset distances were fabricated using femtosecond laser with phase mask technique in standard single-mode fiber.The simulation results were verified by the experiment.A bending sensitivity of 0.055 d B/m^(-1) was achieved with an offset distance of 4μm.The simulation and experiment results suggest that the grating offset distance has a greater influence on the sensitivity of the off-axis FBG with high RI modulation than that with low RI modulation.The proposed sensor structure and simulation results can provide suggestion for the design and processing of off-axis FBG bending sensors.

关键词： fiber bending offset

research on a fiber sensing system for metal ion detection based on SPF-PCF-SPF structure and coated LPFG

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第4期20卷 211-215页

作者： GUO Junqi ZHOU Yanfang ZHENG Wenyue XU Qianwen LIU Yu LI Renpu Chongqing Key Laboratory of Autonomous Navigation and microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Chongqing Engineering research center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and microsystem Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

In order to provide a method for accurately detecting the concentration and types of heavy metal ions in water,a fluid ion detection system is designed.It consists of a side-polished fiber-assisted fluid structure and a long-period fiber grating(LPFG)coated with a metal chelating agent membrane.In this study,both theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted to examine the sensing characteristics of the system towards copper ion and iron ion solutions.The results demonstrate that under the premise of ensuring solution flow,the system can achieve specific identification of different types of heavy metal ions.Furthermore,it exhibits concentration sensing sensitivities of 9.23×10^(4) mL·nm/mol and 7.13×10^(4) mL·nm/mol for copper sulfate(CuSO_(4))and ferric chloride(FeCl_(3))solutions,respectively.Therefore,this sensing system offers the potential for real-time detection of metal ions.

关键词： system fiber structure

Design and numerical simulation of SPF-PCF-SPF fluid sensing system based on photoelectric oscillator

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Optoelectronics Letters 2022年第6期18卷 326-330页

作者： GUO Junqi YUE Yiting CUI Wei ZOU Xinhai YANG Haoyu YANG Junkai Chongqing Engineering research center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

In this paper,an optical fiber fluid sensing system based on optoelectronic oscillator(OEO)was proposed and studied numerically.The fluid sensor head is constructed by splicing two sections of side-polished fiber(SPF)to one section of photonic crystal fiber(PCF).Fluid sample can flow continuously through the holes of PCF.The refractive index(RI)change of the fluid sample can lead to the effective RI change of the fiber,resulting in frequency change of microwave signal generated by OEO.By monitoring the oscillation frequency using an electronic spectrum analyzer(ESA),the RI of fluid sample can be measured.Thanks to the fast interrogation speed of ESAs,the measuring speed can be increased significantly compared to traditional optical fiber RI sensing systems using optical spectrometers.The sensing principle of the system was studied.The sensitivity of the proposed system was evaluated by simulation,and an RI sensitivity of-14.20 MHz/RIU can be achieved.The results show that with proper system design,real-time RI measurement with high sensitivity can be achieved.Increasing the length of the PCF while under the premise of the fluid parameters will be the most reasonable way to improve the sensitivity.The proposed design and simulation results can provide suggestions for the fabrication and optimization of fluid sensing systems used for real-time detection and measurement of biological elements and heavy metal ions in liquid environment.

关键词： fiber oscillator system

A biological fluid fiber Sagnac sensor based on SPF-PCF-SPF structure

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Optoelectronics Letters 2023年第4期19卷 210-214页

作者： GUO Junqi WANG Changle DI Ke LI Zhehao LI Renpu LIU Yu Chongqing Key Laboratory of Autonomous Navigation and microsystem Chongqing University of Post and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Chongqing Engineering research center of Intelligent Sensing Technology and microsystem Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

A biological solution concentration sensor based on a side-polished fiber(SPF)assisted fluid system is presented.The birefringence properties of the asymmetrically filled fluid in this structure and the relationship between the concentration of the biological solution and the refractive index are theoretically analyzed.It was found that the interference peaks had red-shifted with increasing concentration.A sensing sensitivity of 1.3871×10^(4)nm·mL/mol at 14.68×10^(-4)mol/mL was achieved within the experimental range after different concentrations of arginine solutions were injected into the sensing system.This sensing system can also be applied to measure the concentration of other biological solutions,providing the feasibility of real-time detection of biological solutions.

关键词： fiber fluid structure

Laser-assisted Simulation of Dose Rate Effects of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices

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原子能科学技术 2023年第12期57卷 2314-2325页

作者： TANG Ge XIAO Yao SUN Peng LIU Jingrui ZHANG Fuwang LI Mo Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054China microsystem&Terahertz research center of CAEP Chengdu 621000China

Laser-assisted simulation technique has played a crucial role in the investigation of dose rate effects of silicon-based devices and integrated circuits,due to its exceptional advantages in terms of flexibility,safety,convenience,and precision.In recent years,wide band gap materials,known for their strong bonding and high ionization energy,have gained increasing attention from researchers and hold significant promise for extensive applications in specialized environments.Consequently,there is a growing need for comprehensive research on the dose rate effects of wide band gap materials.In response to this need,the use of laser-assisted simulation technology has emerged as a promising approach,offering an effective means to assess the efficacy of investigating these materials and devices.This paper focused on investigating the feasibility of laser-assisted simulation to study the dose rate effects of wide band gap semiconductor devices.Theoretical conversion factors for laser-assisted simulation of dose rate effects of GaN-based and SiC-based devices were been provided.Moreover,to validate the accuracy of the conversion factors,pulsed laser and dose rate experiments were conducted on GaN-based and SiC-based PIN diodes.The results demonstrate that pulsed laser radiation andγ-ray radiation can produce highly similar photocurrent responses in GaN-based and SiC-based PIN diodes,with correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.974,respectively.This finding reaffirms the effectiveness of laser-assisted simulation technology,making it a valuable complement in studying the dose rate effects of wide band gap semiconductor devices.

关键词： laser-assisted simulation dose rate effect wide band gap semiconductor conversion factor

A Broadband 630-720 GHz Schottky Based Sub-Harmonic Mixer Using Intrinsic Resonances of Hammer-Head Filter

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China Communications 2019年第2期16卷 76-84页

作者： Yue He Yaoling Tian Li Miao Jun Jiang XianJin Deng microsystem and Terahertz research center China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics

An room temperature low noise anti-parallel Schottky diode based 630-720 GHz sub-harmonic mixer(SHM) is designed, built and measured. Intrinsic resonances in lowpass hammer-head filter have been adopted to prevent the LO and RF power leak from the IF channel, while greatly minimizing the transmission line size. The mixer consists of 15 um quartz terahertz circuit and 127 um Al2 O3 IF transformer circuit. An improved lumped element equivalent noise model of SBDs guarantees the accuracy of simulation. The measurement indicates that with local oscillating(LO)signal of 2-8 mW, the lowest double sideband(DSB) conversion loss is 8.2 dB at 645 GHz,and the best DSB noise temperature is 2800 K at 657 GHz. The 3 dB bandwidth of conversion loss is 75 GHz from 638 to 715 GHz. The work IF frequency band is above 20 GHz ranging from 1 to 20 GHz with-10 dB return loss.

关键词： erahertz sub-harmonic mixer hammer-head filter Schottky diode

High Power 170 GHz Frequency Doubler Based on Ga As Schottky Diodes

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第3期31卷 547-554页

作者： TIAN Yaoling HE Yue HUANG Kun JIANG Jun LIN Changxing ZHANG Jian microsystem and Terahertz research center China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

The research on high power 170 GHz frequency doubler based on the Ga As Schottky diodes is proposed in this paper. This basic doubler cell is developed with a 50-μm-thick, 600-μm-wide, and 2-mm-long Al N substrate with high thermal conductivity to reduce the thermal effect. Besides, power combined frequency doubler has been fabricated to improve the power capacity by a factor of two. Great agreement has been achieved between the simulated results based on electrothermal model and measured performances. At room temperature, the 3 d B bandwidth of the single doubler based on Ga As Schottky diodes is 11.8% over the frequency range from 160 to 180 GHz with pumping power of 150 to330 m W. And the peak efficiency of the doubler is measured to be 33.1%, while the maximum output power is101.7 m W at 174.08 GHz. As for power combined circuit,the best efficiency is 30.1% with a related output power of204.6 m W. The proposed methods of developing high power multipliers can be applied in higher frequency band in the future.

关键词： Schottky diode Frequency doubler Power-combined Thermal dissipation