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Computational pricing in Internet era

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第1期12卷 40-54页

作者： Fei TIAN Tao QIN Tie-Yan LIU microsoft research Asia Beijing 100080 China

Pricing plays a central rule to a company＇s prof- itability, and therefore has been extensively studied in the literature of economics. When designing a pricing mech- anism/model, an important principle to consider is ＂price discrimination＂, which refers to selling the same resources with different prices according to different values of buy- ers. To meet the ＂price discrimination＂ principle, especially when the number of buyers is large, computational methods, which act in a more accurate and principled way, are usu- ally needed to determine the optimal allocation of sellers＇ re- sources （whom to sell to） and the optimal payment of buyers （what to charge）. Nowadays, in the Internet era in which quite a lot of buy and sell processes are conducted through Internet, the design of computational pricing models faces both new challenges and opportunities, considering that （i） nearly real- time interactions between people enable the buyers to reveal their needs and enable the sellers to expose their information in a more expressive manner, （ii） the large-scale interaction data require powerful methods for more efficient processing and enable the sellers to model different buyers in a more precise manner. In this paper, we review recent advances on the analysis and design of computational pricing models for representative Internet industries, e.g., online advertising and cloud computing. In particular, we introduce how computa- tional approaches can be used to analyze buyer＇s behaviors （i.e., equilibrium analysis）, improve resource utilization （i.e., social welfare analysis）, and boost seller＇s profit （i.e., revenue analysis）. We also discuss how machine learning techniques can be used to better understand buyer＇s behaviors and design more effective pricing mechanisms, given the availability oflarge scale data. Moreover, we make discussions on future re- search directions on computational pricing, which hopefully can inspire more researchers to contribute to this important

关键词： computational pricing price discrimination on-line advertising cloud computing mechanism design

ORDINAL REGRESSION FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2008年第1期25卷 120-124页

作者： Qi Haoliang Li Sheng Gao Jianfeng Han Zhongyuan Xia Xinsong Ministry of Education-microsoft Key Laboratory of Natural Language Processing and Speech Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China microsoft research One-Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 USA Heilongjiang Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Peking University Beijing 100871 China

This letter presents a new discriminative model for Information Retrieval (IR), referred to as Ordinal Regression Model (ORM). ORM is different from most existing models in that it views IR as ordinal regression problem (i.e. ranking problem) instead of binary classification. It is noted that the task of IR is to rank documents according to the user information needed, so IR can be viewed as ordinal regression problem. Two parameter learning algorithms for ORM are presented. one is a perceptron-based algorithm. The other is the ranking Support Vector Machine (SVM). The effec- tiveness of the proposed approach has been evaluated on the task of ad hoc retrieval using three English Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) sets and two Chinese TREC sets. Results show that ORM sig- nificantly outperforms the state-of-the-art language model approaches and OKAPI system in all test sets; and it is more appropriate to view IR as ordinal regression other than binary classification.

关键词： Information Retrieval (IR) Ordinal Regression Perceptron Ranking Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Worst-Case Nash Equilibria in Restricted Routing

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第4期27卷 710-717页

作者：陆品燕余昌远 microsoft research Asia ACM Baidu.Inc

We study the network routing problem with restricted and related links. There are parallel links with possibly different speeds, between a source and a sink. Also there are users, and each user has a traffic of some weight to assign to one of the links from a subset of all the links, named his/her allowable set. The users choosing the same link suffer the same delay, which is equal to the total weight assigned to that link over its speed. A state of the system is called a Nash equilibrium if no user can decrease his/her delay by unilaterally changing his/her link. To measure the performance degradation of the system due to the selfish behavior of all the users, Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou proposed the notion Price of Anarchy （denoted by PoA）, which is the ratio of the maximum delay in the worst-case Nash equilibrium and in an optimal solution. The PoA for this restricted related model has been studied, and a linear lower bound was obtained. However in their bad instance, some users can only use extremely slow links. This is a little artificial and unlikely to appear in a real world. So in order to better understand this model, we introduce a parameter for the system, and prove a better Price of Anarchy in terms of the parameter. We also show an important application of our result in coordination mechanism design for task scheduling game. We propose a new coordination mechanism, Group-Makespan, for unrelated selfish task scheduling game with improved price of anarchy.

关键词： routing Nash equilibria price of anarchy

Example Based Everything

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软件学报 2000年第9期11卷 1140-1140页

作者： Cohen F Michael Sloan Peter-Pike Rose Charles Colburn Alex Liu Zicheng microsoft research one microsoft way Redmond 美国 980 52

Latest advances in high-performance light sources and optical amplifiers on silicon

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第4期42卷 81-89页

作者： Songtao Liu Akhilesh Khope Ayar Labs 3351 Olcott StSanta ClaraCA 95054USA microsoft Corporation One Microsoft WayRedmondWashington98052USA

Efficient light generation and amplification has long been missing on the silicon platform due to its well-known indirect bandgap *** by the size,weight,power and cost(SWaP-C)requirements,the desire to fully realize integrated silicon electronic and photonic integrated circuits has greatly pushed the effort of realizing high performance on-chip lasers and amplifiers moving *** approaches have been proposed and demonstrated to address this *** this paper,a brief overview of recent progress of the high-performance lasers and amplifiers on Si based on different technology is *** device demonstrations,including ultra-narrow linewidthⅢ-Ⅴ/Si lasers,fully integratedⅢ-Ⅴ/Si/Si3N4 lasers,high-channel count mode locked quantum dot(QD)lasers,and high gain QD amplifiers will be covered.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴ/Si photonic integrated circuits semiconductor lasers semiconductor amplifier quantum dots

From Eliza to XiaoIce：challenges and opportunities with social chatbots

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第1期19卷 10-26页

作者： Heung-yeung SHUM Xiao-dong HE Di LI microsoft Corporation Redmond WA 98052 USA

Conversational systems have come a long way since their inception in the 1960 *** decades of research and development,we have seen progress from Eliza and Parry in the 1960 s and 1970 s,to task-completion systems as in the Defense Advanced research Projects Agency(DARPA) communicator program in the 2000 s,to intelligent personal assistants such as Siri,in the 2010 s,to today's social chatbots like Xiao *** chatbots' appeal lies not only in their ability to respond to users' diverse requests,but also in being able to establish an emotional connection with *** latter is done by satisfying users' need for communication,affection,as well as social *** further the advancement and adoption of social chatbots,their design must focus on user engagement and take both intellectual quotient(IQ) and emotional quotient(EQ) into *** should want to engage with a social chatbot;as such,we define the success metric for social chatbots as conversation-turns per session(CPS).Using Xiao Ice as an illustrative example,we discuss key technologies in building social chatbots from core chat to visual awareness to *** also show how Xiao Ice can dynamically recognize emotion and engage the user throughout long conversations with appropriate interpersonal *** we become the first generation of humans ever living with artificial intelligenc(AI),we have a responsibility to design social chatbots to be both useful and empathetic,so they will become ubiquitous and help society as a whole.

关键词： Conversational system Social Chatbot Intelligent personal assistant Artificial intelligence Xiao Ice

Tackling the microlensing wave effects of strong lensing gravitational waves with TAAH

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 257-258页

作者： Zuhui Fan South-Western Institute for Astronomy research Yunnan University

The rapid development of gravitational wave（GW） observations since their first detection in 2015 [1] has opened a completely new window for exploring the Universe. Consequently, astronomical research has entered the multimessenger era, allowing us to use different tracers to view the cosmos from various perspectives. Among others, the appealing application of gravitational wave events from compact binary mergers is that they can act as standard sirens to determine absolute cosmic distances entirely independent of standard candles. This approach is one of the most promising means to solve the current H0tension problem.

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Learning Better Word Embedding by Asymmetric Low-Rank Projection of Knowledge Graph

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第3期31卷 624-634页

作者： Fei Tian Bin Gao En-Hong Chen Tie-Yah Liu School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China microsoft research Asia Beijing 100080 China

Word embedding, which refers to low-dimensional dense vector representations of natural words, has demon- strated its power in many natural language processing tasks. However, it may suffer from the inaccurate and incomplete information contained in the free text corpus as training data. To tackle this challenge, there have been quite a few studies that leverage knowledge graphs as an additional information source to improve the quality of word embedding. Although these studies have achieved certain success, they have neglected some important facts about knowledge graphs： 1） many relationships in knowledge graphs are many-to-one, one-to-many or even many-to-many, rather than simply one-to-one; 2） most head entities and tail entities in knowledge graphs come from very different semantic spaces. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a new algorithm named ProjectNet. ProjectNet models the relationships between head and tail entities after transforming them with different low-rank projection matrices. The low-rank projection can allow non one- to-one relationships between entities, while different projection matrices for head and tail entities allow them to originate in different semantic spaces. The experimental results demonstrate that ProjectNet yields more accurate word embedding than previous studies, and thus leads to clear improvements in various natural language processing tasks.

关键词： natural language processing word embedding neural network knowledge graph

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解开经络之谜——论人体气循环系统

前沿科学 2017年第1期11卷 49-66页

作者：李唐 one microsoft way

中医学具有数千年的历史,是中国古代流传下来的瑰宝,可至今为止一直未受到西方医学的承认,原因是中医学的核心与基础——经络气循环系统,西方医学利用解剖学手段始终未能找到。本文将详细剖析经络在解剖学中对应什么组织,气究竟是什么,... 详细信息

中医学具有数千年的历史,是中国古代流传下来的瑰宝,可至今为止一直未受到西方医学的承认,原因是中医学的核心与基础——经络气循环系统,西方医学利用解剖学手段始终未能找到。本文将详细剖析经络在解剖学中对应什么组织,气究竟是什么,经络气循环系统的路线、源头、动力、作用,并讨论中医学的发展历程及下一步的研究方向。

关键词：经络气循环系统结缔组织微血管自律运动自疗