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Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 33-47页

作者： Joseph D.Birch James A.Lutz Soren Struckman Jessica R.Miesel Justine Karst department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta

Background: Large-diameter trees have an outsized influence on aboveground forest dynamics, composition, and structure. Although their influence on aboveground processes is well studied, their role in shaping belowground fungal communities is largely unknown. We sought to test if(i) fungal community spatial structure matched aboveground forest structure;(ii) fungal functional guilds exhibited differential associations to aboveground trees, snags,and deadwood; and(iii) that large-diameter trees and snags have a larger influence on fungal community richness than smaller-diameter trees. We used MiSeq sequencing of fungal communities collected from soils in a spatially intensive survey in a portion of Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah, USA. We used random forest models to explore the spatial structure of fungal communities as they relate to explicitly mapped trees and deadwood distributed across 1.15 ha of a 15.32-ha mapped subalpine ***: We found 6,177 fungal amplicon sequence variants across 117 sequenced samples. Tree diameter, deadwood presence, and tree species identity explained more than twice as much variation(38.7% vs. 10.4%) for ectomycorrhizal composition and diversity than for the total or saprotrophic fungal communities. Species identity and distance to the nearest large-diameter tree(≥ 40.2 cm) were better predictors of fungal richness than were the identity and distance to the nearest tree. Soil nutrients, topography, and tree species differentially influenced the composition and diversity of each fungal guild. Locally rare tree species had an outsized influence on fungal community ***: These results highlight that fungal guilds are differentially associated with the location, size, and species of aboveground trees. Large-diameter trees are implicated as drivers of belowground fungal diversity, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi.

关键词： Belowground ecology Ectomycorrhizal fungi Pinus flexilis Pinus longaeva Saprotrophic fungi Smithsonian ForestGEO Spatial dynamics Utah Forest Dynamics Plot

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NIR emissive Ru(Ⅱ) metallacycle as a sonosensitizer/sonocatalyst assisting in vivo bacterial diagnosis and eradicating multidrug-resistant biofilms

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2785-2786页

作者： Chonglu Li Qihang Ding Jong Seung Kim School of Medicine Wuhan University of Science and Technology department of Chemistry Korea University

microbial biofilm-related infections present a significant global health challenge, posing a major threat to public health systems [1]. Biofilms, complex structures formed by the aggregation of microorganisms, are commonly found on medical devices, human tissue surfaces, and in natural environments [2]. These biofilms exhibit high levels of antibiotic resistance and survival stability, rendering traditional antibiotic treatments ineffective in eradicating infections [3].

关键词： THERAPY

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Emerging Jasmonate Transporters

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molecular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 659-661页

作者： Chi Tam Nguyen Enrico Martinoia Edward E. Farmer department of Plant molecular biology Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland department of Plant and microbial biology University of Zurich Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland

Jasmonic acid （JA） and methyl jasmonate （MeJA） are highly mobile and, when applied to intact plants,, these compounds powerfully modulate gene expression. Moreover, activation of jasmonate-responsive genes usually occurs in tissues distal to the treatments. It therefore comes as no surprise that there are jasmonate transporters; these proteins are only now emerging and their discovery is important for a number of reasons. Firstlv.

关键词： Emerging Jasmonate Transporters

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Unresolved conundrum of the role of physical activity in inflammatory bowel disease:What next?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2744-2747页

作者： Nilakantan Ananthakrishnan department of Surgery Sri Balaji VidyapeethPondicherry 607402India

There is considerable controversy on the role of physical activity in irritable bowel disease(IBD)since published reports are *** is well known that there is known relapse with specific treatment in ***,in addition to onset of extraintestinal symptoms creates a need to think of alternate *** this context,the current article describes the need of a multi-institutional study with standard protocol of physical activity for documenting its effect on both the primary disease and the extra alimentary *** paper also points out the possibility of using adjuvant complementary medicine such as yoga,whose effects have been documented in other diseases like irritable bowel syndrome.A third approach could be to focus on the intestinal dysbiosis in IBD and concentrate on research on restoring the microbial flora to normal,to see whether the extraintestinal symptoms are alleviated.

关键词： Extra intestinal symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases Management Physical activity in inflammatory bowel diseases Complementary medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases Yoga in inflammatory bowel diseases Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases

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Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2603-2611页

作者： Lin Wang Yan Li Yu-Jing Zhang Li-Hua Peng department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut *** study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation *** SUMMARY A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain,diarrhea,and blood in the stool 1 year after *** electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation *** courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were *** patient experienced short-and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse *** 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy *** bacteria,such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis,were more in the *** bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,Ruminococcus bromii,and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy *** microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora *** composition converged with the donor's flora,with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria,such as Eubacterium rectale,and a decrease in pathogenic *** in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients'alleviating clinical *** Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal *** study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.

关键词： Chronic radiation enteritis Gut microbial transplantation Intestinal microecology Cancer Quality of life Case report

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Artemisia annua, artemisinin, and the Nobel Prize:beauty of natural products and educational significance

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Science Bulletin 2016年第1期61卷 42-44页

作者： De-Yu Xie department of Plant and microbial biology North Carolina State University

In the beautiful evening on December 10,2015(local time in Sweden),the annual Nobel Prize ceremony was hosted by the Swedish Royal Family at Stockholm’s City Hall,Stockholm,*** to all ten new Nobel Prize Laureates and thanks them for using their brightest talents to make our world better!The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Professors Youyou Tu,William ***,and Satoshi Omura

关键词：诺贝尔奖获得者青蒿素教育意义天然产品诺贝尔生理学或医学奖斯德哥尔摩颁奖典礼天然产物

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Comparative analysis of planted and unplanted controls for assessment of rhizosphere priming effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 884-892页

作者： Jian LI Per BENGTSON department of biology Microbial Ecology GroupLund UniversitySölvegatan 37Lund 22362(Sweden) Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences1799 Jimei RoadXiamen 361021(China)

The rhizosphere priming effect(RPE)is increasingly being considered to be an important regulator of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition and nutrient turnover,with potential importance for the global CO_(2) *** a result,studies on the RPE have rapidly increased in number over the last few *** of these experiments have been performed using unplanted soil as the control,which could potentially lead to incorrect assessment of the ***,we performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate how the choice of control(i.e.,unplanted control and planted control)influenced the quantification of RPE on SOM decomposition and gross nitrogen(N)mineralization,and to link this to differences in microbial and abiotic soil properties between the two *** the planted control,planted seedlings were cut at soil surface 5 d before measurement of the *** RPE on SOM decomposition was positive in pine soil and almost 2-fold higher when calculated from the planted control than from the unplanted *** spruce soil,a negative RPE on SOM decomposition was found when calculated from the planted control,while the RPE was positive when calculated from the unplanted *** RPE on gross N mineralization was found when calculated from the planted control,while a positive RPE of more than 100%was found when calculated from the unplanted *** microbial biomass and growth rate were lower,while the inorganic N content was higher in the unplanted control than in the planted *** microbial community composition and potential enzyme activity in the planted treatment and planted control were similar,but they differed significantly from those in the unplanted *** results showed that the RPE varied widely depending on the choice of control;thus,we suggest that a planted control,in which the aboveground plant parts are removed only a few days before the measurement of RPE,should be used as the control when elucidating the RPE on belowground C and N

关键词： enzyme activity gross nitrogen mineralization microbial community composition nitrogen availability soil organic matter decomposition

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Reduced-particle size wheat bran and endoxylanase supplementation in broiler feed affect arabinoxylan hydrolysis and fermentation with broiler age differently

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 308-320页

作者： An Bautil Michael R.Bedford Johan Buyse Christophe M.Courtin Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUnited Kingdom Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of BiosystemsKU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

Since the caecal microbiota of young broilers are not yet able to ferment the dietary fibre(DF)fraction of the feed to a large extent,increasing the accessibility of DF substrates along the gastrointestinal tract is crucial to benefit from the health stimulating metabolic end-products(*** acid)generated upon microbial DF ***,the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of reduced-particle size wheat bran(RPS-WB)and endoxylanases as feed additives to stimulate arabinoxylan(AX)hydrolysis and fermentation along the hindgut of young *** this end,RPS-WB and endoxylanase supplementation were evaluated in a 2×2 factorial design using a total of 256 male 1-d-old chicks(Ross 308).Broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments:a basal wheat-based diet with(1)no feed additives(control,CTRL),(2)an endoxylanase(XYL;Econase XT 25 at 0.10 g/kg diet),(3)1%wheat bran with an average reduced particle size of 297μm(RPS-WB)and(4)an endoxylanase and 1%RPS-WB(RPS-WB+XYL).Each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times and on d 10 and 28,respectively,24 and 16 broilers per treatment group were euthanised to analyse AX degradation,short-chain fatty acid production and digesta viscosity in the ileum and *** receiving XYL in their diet showed increased AX solubilisation and fermentation at both d 10 and 28 compared to the CTRL group(P<0.05).Adding RPS-WB to the diet stimulated wheat AX utilisation by the primary AX degraders in the caecum at 10 d of age compared to the CTRL group,as observed by the high AX digestibility coefficient for the RPS-WB supplemented group at this young age(P<0.05).At 28 d,RPS-WB supplementation lowered body-weight gains but increased butyric acid concentrations compared to the XYL and CTRL group(P<0.05).Although no synergistic effect for RPS-WB+XYL broilers was observed for AX hydrolysis and fermentation,these findings suggest that both additives can raise a dual benefit to the broiler as a butyrogenic effect and im

关键词： Broiler chicken Wheat bran Particle size reduction Xylanase Arabinoxylan fermentation

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Temporal–spatial distribution and diastereoisomer pattern of hexabromocyclododecane in the vicinity of a chemical plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 203-212页

作者： Xinlei Wang Ruirui Sun Yuedong Chen Xu Zhang Zhaojie Cui School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University department of Plant and microbial biology University of Zurich

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) is an effective brominated flame-retardant additive, which is mainly produced in the coastal area of China. This study collected soil samples from a HBCD production plant and its surrounding area in Weifang, Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the temporal–spatial distribution of HBCD and its diastereoisomers in soil. The analysis results showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil near the plant was much higher than normal values, with an annual average concentration reaching 5405 ng/g. Soils 1,2 and 4 km away from the plant were also analyzed, showing that the concentration of HBCD in soil decreased accordingly with the distance from the pollution sources. In order to investigate the effect of the season on HBCD content, the soil samples were collected in all four seasons of the year 2017–2018. According to variations in the wind direction, the concentration of HBCD in soil was also changed. The distribution trend showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind was higher than that in the upwind direction. In addition, this work analyzed the distribution of HBCD in vertical soil sections. It was found that the concentration of HBCD decreased with depth in the soil vertical profile. Finally, the various diastereoisomer patterns in the soil compartments were examined, finding that α-HBCD and γ-HBCD were the predominant diastereoisomers in the soil of the study area.

关键词： Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) Temporal–spatial distribution Diastereoisomers Seasonal variation Soil

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Removal of chromophoric dissolved organic matter under combined photochemical and microbial degradation as a response to different irradiation intensities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 76-86页

作者： Theis Kragh Kaj Sand-Jensen Emil Kristensen Ole Pedersen Mikkel Madsen-Фterbye department of biology University of Southern DenmarkSyddanmark 5230Denmark Freshwater Biological Laboratory Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Throughout the freshwater continuum, Dissolved Organic Carbon(DOC) and the colored fraction, Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Material(CDOM), are continuously being added,removed, and transformed, resulting in changes in the chromophoricity and lability of organic matter over time. We examined, experimentally, the effect of increasing irradiationintensities on the combined photochemical and microbial degradation of CDOM and *** was done by using a simulated mixed water column: aged water from a humic lake was exposed to four irradiation-intensities – representing winter, early and late spring, and summer conditions(0.10, 0.16, 0.36, and 0.58 W/m^(2)) – and compared with dark controls over 37days. We found a linear relationship between CDOM degradation and irradiation-intensities up to 0.36 W/m^(2);the degradation rate saturated at higher intensities, both at specific wavelengths and for broader intervals. After 37 days at high irradiation-intensity, CDOM absorption of irradiation at 340 nm had been reduced by 41%;48% of DOC had been removed and DOC degradation continued to increase. Aromaticity(SUVA254) declined significantly over 37 days at the two lowest but not at the two highest UV-intensities;levels in unexposed control water remained constant. Direct observations of the humic lake showed that CDOM absorption of irradiation(340 nm) declined by 27% from winter to summer. A model based on hydrological CDOM input and CDOM degradation calculated from field measurements of UV-radiation and experimental CDOM degradation with UV-exposure from sunlight accurately predicted the annual course as observed in the lake. With no external CDOM input,92% of the CDOM could be degraded in a year. The results support the notion that combined photochemical and microbial CDOM degradation can be remarkably higher in lakes than previously thought and that humic lakes retain their color due to light absorption by ongoing CDOM input.

关键词： Biodegradation Brownification Carbon cycling CDOM DOC Humic lake Photobleaching UV-bleaching

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