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A Review of Colloid Transport in Fractured Rocks

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第6期9卷 770-787页

作者： ZHANG Wei TANG Xiangyu WEISBROD Noam GUAN Zhuo Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology Zuckerberg Institute for Water ResearchJ.Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel

Recent recognition of colloid and colloidassociated transport of strongly sorbing contaminants in fractured rocks highlights the importance of exploring the transport behavior of colloids under conditions prevailing in the *** rapid transport of colloids through fractured rocks-as affected by the hydraulic properties of the flow system,the properties of fracture surface and the geochemical conditionshas not been sufficiently elucidated,and predictions of colloid transport through fractures have encountered difficulties,particularly at the field *** article reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms and modeling of colloid transport and retention in fractured *** used experimental techniques and approaches for conducting colloid transport experiments at different scales,ranging from the laboratory to the field scale,are summarized and commented *** importance of various interactions(e.g.,dissolution,colloid deposition,generation,mobilization and deposition of filling materials within fractures) between the flowing solution and the fracture walls(in many cases,with skin or coating on the host rock at the liquid-solid interface) has been *** transport through fractures of high heterogeneity has not yet been well understood and modeled at the field ***,we summarize the current knowledge and understanding accumulated in the last two decades in regard to colloid and colloidassociated transport through *** research needs are also discussed.

关键词： Colloid transport Colloid retention Fracture Rock

Y-梯度广义最小二乘加权校正的土壤速效氮野外原位光谱预测

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光谱学与光谱分析 2018年第1期38卷 171-175页

作者：齐海军 Karnieli Arnon 李绍稳安徽农业大学信息与计算机学院安徽合肥230036 The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the Negev

土壤速效氮是影响作物生长发育的重要养分指标。野外原位可见近红外光谱(VIS-NIR)分析技术具有快速无损等特点,对速效氮的定量预测具有较好的应用前景。野外条件下进行原位光谱采集更节省人力物力,且为土壤养分实时传感器的开发提供了... 详细信息

土壤速效氮是影响作物生长发育的重要养分指标。野外原位可见近红外光谱(VIS-NIR)分析技术具有快速无损等特点,对速效氮的定量预测具有较好的应用前景。野外条件下进行原位光谱采集更节省人力物力,且为土壤养分实时传感器的开发提供了数据基础。但由于野外原位光谱中通常存在大量的无关环境因子干扰信息,易导致回归模型预测精度降低,达不到实用要求。针对位于以色列中部和北部的两个试验点共76个样本开展研究,提出利用Y-梯度广义最小二乘加权算法(Y-GLSW)对样本的野外原位VIS-NIR反射率光谱(350~2 500nm)进行滤波校正,以提高回归模型的预测能力。首先使用SG平滑、一阶导数变换、标准正态变换等常规方法对原始光谱进行预处理和变换;在此基础上再使用Y-GLSW构建滤波模型对变换后的光谱进行滤波校正;最后使用偏最小二乘回归算法(PLS-R)分别结合原始光谱RW、预处理变换后的光谱PPT和滤波校正后的光谱Y-GLSW建立回归分析模型对速效氮进行定量预测。结果表明:利用RW光谱建立的回归预测模型是不可靠的;利用PPT光谱建立的回归模型在测试集的相对分析误差(RPD)为1.41,解释总方差占实际总方差之比(SSR/SST)为0.57,模型具有一定的可靠性;Y-GLSW光谱建立的回归模型在测试集的RPD和SSR/SST分别为2.07和0.69,相对于PPT模型分别提高了46.81%和21.05%。因此,利用Y-GLSW对野外原位VIS-NIR光谱进行滤波校正,能够有效去除光谱中的无关信息数据,提高模型的预测精度和解释能力。

关键词：土壤速效氮野外检测光谱校正回归模型 Y-梯度广义最小二乘加权

Network approaches to climate science

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第1期60卷 80-81页

作者： JingFang Fan Jun Meng XiaoSong Chen Yosef Ashkenazy Shlomo Havlin Department of Physics Bar-Ilan University Solar Energy and Environmental Physics Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the Negev CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Climate and physics are closely related. The governing equa- tions for both the atmosphere and ocean are the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe and quantify the physics of fluids. However, the atmosphere and ocean are very complex due to the interaction of many processes, not necessarily physi- cal, and due to the need to model processes that are smaller than the grid resolution. In spite of this complexity, physi- cists have successfully addressed a wide swath of it using ad- vanced statistical physics methods and techniques. Climate science has been benefited from the physics discipline and vice versa where the ＂chaos＂ theory is an excellent example for the interdisciplinary approach as it was basically discov- ered by Lorenz [ 1 ] through his simple model of the atmos- phere.

关键词： ocean spite Stokes quantify addressed necessarily Navier governing

Using the movement patterns of reintroduced animals to improve reintroduction success

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 515-526页

作者： Oded BERGER-TAL David SALTZ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles & Applied Animal Ecology Division Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global CA USA Mitrani Department of desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel

Despite their importance to conservation, reintroductions are still a risky endeavor and tend to fail, highlighting the need for more efficient post-release monitoring techniques. Reintroduced animals are released into unfamiliar novel environ ments and must explore their surroundings to gain knowledge in order to survive. According to theory, knowledge gain should be followed by subsequent changes to the animal＇s movement behavior, making movement behavior an excellent indicator of reintroduction progress. We aim to conceptually describe a logical process that will enable the inclusion of behavior （in particular, movement behavior） in management decision-making post-reintroductions, and to do so, we provide four basic components that a manager should look for in the behaviors of released animals. The suggested components are release-site fidelity, recurring locations, proximity to other individuals, and individual variation in movement behavior. These components are by no means the only possible ones available to a manager, but they provide an efficient tool to understanding animals＇ decision-making based on ecological theory; namely, the exploration-exploitation trade-off that released animals go through, and which underlies their behavior. We demonstrate our conceptual approach using data from two ungulate species reintroduced in Israel： the Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica and the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 515-526, 2014] .

关键词： Adaptive management Arabian oryx Conservation behavior Exploration-exploitation trade-off Persian fallow deer Reintroductions

The effect of temporal variation in soil carbon inputs on interspecific plant competition

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 564-575页

作者： Stav Livne-Luzon Hagai Shemesh Osnat Gilor Ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevPOB 653Beer Sheva 8410501Israel Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai Academic CollegeUpper Galilee 12208Israel Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer 84990Israel

Aims Release of carbon from plant roots initiates a chain of reactions involving the soil microbial community and microbial predators,eventually leading to nutrient enrichment,a process known as the‘microbial loop’.However,root exudation has also been shown to stimulate nutrient immobilization,thereby reducing plant *** mechanisms depend on carbon exudation,but generate two opposite soil nutrient *** suggest here that this difference might arise from temporal variation in soil carbon *** We examined how continuous and pulsed carbon inputs affect the performance of wheat(Triticum aestivum),a fast-growing annual,while competing with sage(Salvia officinalis),a slow-growing *** manipulated the temporal mode of soil carbon inputs under different soil organic matter(SOM)and nitrogen *** treatment included the following two carbon input modes:(i)Continuous:a daily release of minute amounts of glucose,and(ii)Pulsed:once every 3 days,a short release of high amounts of *** two carbon input modes differed only in the temporal dynamic of glucose,but not in total amount of glucose *** predicted that pulsed carbon inputs should result in nutrient enrichment,creating favorable conditions for the wheat *** FindingsCarbon addition caused a reduction in the sage total biomass,while increasing the total wheat *** SOM-poor soil without nitrogen and in SOM-rich soil with nitrogen,wheat root allocation was higher under continuous than under pulsed carbon *** an allocation shift is a common response of plants to reduced nutrient *** thus suggest that the continuous carbon supply stimulated the proliferation of soil microorganisms,which in turn competed with the plants over available soil *** fact that bacterial abundance was at its peak under this carbon input mode support this *** analyses indicated that besides the above described changes in plant biomas

关键词： competition exudation microbial loop nutrient immobilization

Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis引起的海水鱼阿米巴鳃病(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第4期51卷 554-556页

作者： D. ZILBERG The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus 84990 Israel

海水养殖的鲑鱼及鲽鱼(Scophthalmusmaximus)的阿米巴鳃病是由Neoparamoebapemaquidensis引起的。在西班牙,该病对鲑鱼的海水养殖造成巨大损失,同时也正威胁着鲽鱼的养殖。组织病理损伤主要是鱼鳃上皮细胞的增生和肥大。该虫仅寄生在鱼... 详细信息

海水养殖的鲑鱼及鲽鱼(Scophthalmusmaximus)的阿米巴鳃病是由Neoparamoebapemaquidensis引起的。在西班牙,该病对鲑鱼的海水养殖造成巨大损失,同时也正威胁着鲽鱼的养殖。组织病理损伤主要是鱼鳃上皮细胞的增生和肥大。该虫仅寄生在鱼鳃表面。现已有证据证明,非特异免疫参与鱼类抵御该病,但还没有证明特异性免疫在此过程中发挥作用的相似证据。对鲑鱼来说。

关键词： Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis 海产鱼阿米巴鳃病鳃病海水鱼特异性免疫海水养殖上皮细胞病理损伤

Soil properties and habitats determine the response of bacterial communities to agricultural wastewater irrigation

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 146-158页

作者： Sascha M.B.KRAUSE Anja B.DOHRMANN Osnat GILLOR Bent T.CHRISTENSEN Ines MERBACH Christoph C.TEBBE Thünen institute of Biodiversity Federal Research Institute for Rural AreasForestry and FisheriesBundesallee 65Braunschweig 38116Germany Zuckerberg institute for Waster research Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet IL-84990Israel Department of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityAU-FolumTjele 8830Denmark Helmholtz Centre for Environmental research-Umweltforschungszentrum(UFZ) Department Community EcologyBad Lauchstadt D-06246Germany

Increasing temperatures and variability of precipitation events due to climate change will lead in the future to higher irrigation demands in ***,the use of secondary treated wasterwater(TWW)could have consequences for the receiving soil environment and its resident microbial *** objective of this study was to characterize the importance of soil properties and habitats to the response of soil bacteria and archaea to irrigation with *** agricultural soils with contrasting textures(loamy sand or silt loam)and,for each,three variants differing in soil organic carbon and nitrogen,as generated by long-term fertilization,were *** each of these six soils,prokaryotic communities from two habitats,i.e.,root-free bulk soil and the rhizosphere of developing cucumber plants in the greenhouse,were *** were analyzed by the quantity and diversity of their polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA *** account for TWW-associated nutrient effects,potable water(PW)served as a *** sequence analysis showed that prokaryotic communities mainly consisted of bacteria(99.8%).Upon irrigation,regardless of the water quality,prokaryotic diversity declined,p H increased,and no bacterial growth was detected in bulk *** contrast,the growth of cucumbers was stimulated by TWW,indicating that plants were the main ***,strong responses were seen in the rhizosphere,suggesting an indirect effect of TWW by altered *** main bacterial responders to TWW were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,and *** in bacterial communities due to TWW were less pronounced in all variants of the silt loam,indicating the importance of clay and soil organic carbon for buffering effects of TWW on soil bacterial ***,soil organic carbon and soil texture are important parameters that need to be considered when applying TWW in agriculture.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene sequences buffering effect cucumber rhizosphere microbial community dynamics rhizodeposition soil organic carbon soil texture treated wastewater irrigation

Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings Exposed to Exogenous GABA Suggest Its Role in Plants Is Predominantly Metabolic

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 1065-1068页

作者： Albert Batushansky Menny Kirma Nicole Grillich David Toubiana Phuong Anh Pham Ilse Balbo Hillel Fromm Gad Galili Alisdair R. Fernie Aaron Fait The jacob blaustein institutes for desert research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev84990 Sede Boqer Campus Israel Department of Plant Science Weizmann Institute of Science 76100 Rehovot Israel Max-Planck institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University 69978 Tel Aviv Israel

Dear Editor, y-Aminobutyric acid （GABA） is a non-protein amino acid （AA） metabolized via the GABA shunt; a three-enzyme pathway that includes glutamate decarboxylase （GAD）, GABA transaminases （GABA-T）, and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase （SSADH）（Bown and Shelp, 1997; Bouch~ and Fromm, 2004）. The majority of work on GABA, to date, has focused on its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. In plants, however, due to its intermediate posi- tion between carbon （C） and nitrogen （N）, the metabolism of GABA has been suggested as a modulator of C-N balance （Fair et al., 2008）. In addition, the numerous observations of a rapid accumulation of GABA in response to （a）biotic stresses has prompted different hypotheses to be postu- lated on its role including a regulator of cytosolic pH and a herbivore deterrent （Bouche and Fromm, 2004; Roberts, 2007）. Additionally, a signaling role has been hypothesized in plants, though evidence remains elusive and the debate on the dual function of GABA as a signaling molecule and as a metabolite in plants remains ongoing. In the present work, we report changes in the metabolite and transcript profiles in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to exogenous GABA. Liquid-grown seedlings were cultured under C and N limitation to reveal a possible role of GABA as either C or N substrate and to ascertain its influence on transcriptional programs.

关键词： GABA 代谢物拟南芥外源性转录组植物幼苗 γ-氨基丁酸

Special Relativity with a Preferred Frame and the Relativity Principle

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第8期9卷 1591-1616页

作者： Georgy I. Burde Alexandre Yersin Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel

The purpose of the present study is to develop a counterpart of the special relativity theory that is consistent with the existence of a preferred frame but, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and the universality of the (two-way) speed of light. The synthesis of such seemingly incompatible concepts as the existence of preferred frame and the relativity principle is possible at the expense of the freedom in assigning the one-way speeds of light that exists in special relativity. In the framework developed, a degree of anisotropy of the one-way speed acquires meaning of a characteristic of the really existing anisotropy caused by motion of an inertial frame relative to the preferred frame. The anisotropic special relativity kinematics is developed based on the symmetry principles: 1) Space-time transformations between inertial frames leave the equation of anisotropic light propagation invariant and 2) a set of the transformations possesses a group structure. The Lie group theory apparatus is applied to define groups of transformations between inertial frames. Applying the transformations to the problem of calculating the CMB temperature distribution yields a relation in which the angular dependence coincides with that obtained on the basis of the standard relativity theory but the mean temperature is corrected by the terms second order in the observer velocity.

关键词： Principle of Relativity Anisotropy of the One-Way Speed of Light Lie Groups of Transformations CMB