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Quantum state tomography from observable time traces in closed quantum systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 222-234页

作者： Shuixin Xiao Yuanlong Wang Qi Yu Jun Zhang Daoyi Dong Ian R.Petersen university of michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong university Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(Australian Research Council) Centre for Quantum DynamicsGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111Australia School of Engineering and Technology University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia

The task to estimate all the parameters of an unknown quantum state, also called quantum state tomography, is essential for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. In this paper, we utilize observable time traces to identify the initial quantum state of a closed quantum system, based on the state space approach in the control theory. In the informationally complete scenario, we show that with a linear regression estimation (LRE), the mean squared error (MSE) scales as , where N is the resource number. In the informationally incomplete scenario, we introduce regularization LRE to perform the state tomography task. We employ PBH test to demonstrate that closed quantum systems with only one observable are informationally incomplete and propose using observables, where d is the dimension of the quantum state, for informational completeness. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Quantum state tomography Time trace Quantum system identification

Elevated nitrogen and co-evolution history with competitors shape the invasion process of Galinsoga quadriradiata

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 9-22页

作者： Wen-Gang Zhang Xing-Jiang Song Laís Petri Gang Liu Xiao-Yan Chen Rui-Ling Liu Fang-Fang Huang Jia-Bin Zou Zhi-Hong Zhu College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China School for Environment and Sustainability University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Changqing Teaching&Research Base of Ecology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhou 510520China

Invasive plants usually experience population differentiation as they expand from their initial invasive range to the ***,invasive plants usually encounter competitors which shared different co-evolutionary histories with *** factors may lead to varying responses of invasive plant populations to elevated nitrogen deposition during ***,this issue has received limited attention in prior *** address these challenges,we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate how population differentiation of Galinsoga quadriradiata interacts with the presence of various competitors in response to increased nitrogen *** types(new or old that shared short or long co-evolutionary history with the invader,respectively)were set to compete with the invasive central and edge populations under different nitrogen addition *** from the central population of ***,originating from the initial invasion range,showed greater total mass,reproduction and interspecific competitiveness compared with the edge *** addition improved growth and reproductive performance in both populations,and the central population had a stronger response compared with the edge *** performance of *** was inhibited more effectively by old competitors than new *** results indicate that population differentiation occurs in terms of growth and competitiveness during the range expansion of ***,with the central population exhibiting superior ***-evolutionary history with competitors is considered unfavorable for invasive plants in this *** results highlight the combined effects of population differentiation in invasive species and their co-evolution history with competitors in the context of global change factors.

关键词： Galinsoga quadriradiata central population edge population interspecific competition population differentiation elevated nitrogen

Impact of Social Media Challenges on Pediatric Single-Use Detergent Sacs and Diphenhydramine Ingestions Reported to United States Poison Control Centers

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期12卷 104-113页

作者： Lea Dikranian Varun Vohra David Merolla Usha Sethuraman Nirupama Kannikeswaran Department of Emergency Medicine Childrens Hospital of Michigan Detroit USA michigan Poison & Drug Information Center Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit USA Department of Sociology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit USA Department of Emergency Medicine Central Michigan University Detroit USA

Background: Social media platforms are popular among children and often feature challenges that become viral. Notably, the Tide Pod® and Benadryl® challenges encouraged viewers to ingest these substances for their visual appeal and hallucinogenic effects, respectively. This study aimed to assess the clinical impact and outcomes of single-use detergent sacs (SUDS) and diphenhydramine challenges on pediatric ingestions reported to United States (U.S.) Poison Control Centers (PCCs). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric exposures reported to U.S. PCCs using data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). The study included intentional single-substance ingestions of both brand-name and generic forms of SUDS and diphenhydramine among children ≤ 19 years. We compared the number of calls, clinical effects, disposition, and management strategies for SUDS (pre: 01/01/17 to 12/31/17 vs. post: 01/01/18 to 12/31/18) and diphenhydramine (pre: 08/01/19 to 07/31/20 vs. post: 08/01/20 to 07/31/21) ingestions 12 months before and after the introduction of the respective social media challenges. Differences in proportions were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: During the study period, 469 ingestions of SUDS and 5,702 ingestions of diphenhydramine were reported. Post-challenge periods saw an increase in both SUDS (pre: 82 vs. post: 387;372% increase) and diphenhydramine ingestions (pre: 2,672 vs. post: 3,030;13% increase). While there were no significant changes in moderate or major clinical outcomes, hospitalizations increased post-challenge for both SUDS [pre: 4 (4.9%) vs. post: 33 (8.5%);p = 0.25] and diphenhydramine [pre: n = 904 (33.8%) vs. post: 1,190 (39.3%);p Conclusion: Pediatric ingestions reported to U.S. PCCs and hospitalizations increased coinciding with the introduction of Tide Pod® and Benadryl® challenges. While causality cannot be definitively established, it is essential for pediatricians and parents to be aware of these challenges an

关键词： Emergency Medicine Ingestions Toxicology Social Media Challenges Pediatrics

Stabilization or degradation?Post-translational modifications of JAZ proteins in plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1002-1004页

作者： Xiaoyan Xu Jianping Hu Zheng Yuan Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Jasmonates(JAs)are essential hormones that regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and are involved in various developmental processes,including flowering time control,floral organ development,and fertility of male and female gametes(Howe et al.,2018).However,our understanding of the mechanisms by which JAs integrate multiple signals to regulate diverse physiological processes remains *** the canonical JA signaling pathway,activated JAs are perceived by the F-box protein receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1(COl1),which induces the interaction between COl1 and the Jas domain of the repressor proteins JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN PROTEINs(JAZs),leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of JAZ *** proteolytic destruction of the JAZ repressors is a crucial step that releases the inhibition of JAZs on the JA response transcription factor MYC2,allowing MYC2 to activate the expression of downstream genes(Howe et al.,2018).Therefore,the stability and specific spatiotemporal expression pattern of the JAZ proteins are critical for the regulation of JA signaling output,as they determine the activation and repression of JA responses.

关键词： translational fertility release

The necessity to expand mycorrhizal boundaries:Including the fungal endophytes that possess key mycorrhizal criteria

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 520-523页

作者： Khalil KARIMAN Zed RENGEL Rodica PENA Saleh RAHIMLOU Mark TIBBETT UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Department of Sustainable Land Management&Soil Research Centre School of AgriculturePolicy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReading RG66ARUK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA

Dear editor,This letter aims to urge the necessity to expand the boundaries of mycorrhizal symbiosis to include certain root fungal *** conventional classification of mycorrhizal associations emphasizes specialized fu... 详细信息

关键词： editor specialized interface

Changes in albedo and its radiative forcing of grasslands in East Asia drylands

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 237-251页

作者： Qingsong Zhu Jiquan Chen Liangxu Wu Yuting Huang Changliang Shao Gang Dong Zhe Xu Xianglan Li State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science College of Global Change and Earth System Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal University Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Life Science Shanxi University

Background Grasslands in drylands are increasingly influenced by human activities and climate change, leading to alterations in albedo and radiative energy balance among others. Surface biophysical properties and their interactions change greatly following disturbances. However, our understanding of these processes and their climatic impacts remains limited. In this study, we used multi-year observations from satellites and eddy-covariance towers to investigate the response of albedo to variables closely associated with human disturbances, including vegetation greenness（EVI） and surface soil volumetric water content（VWC）, as well as snow cover and clearness index（Ta） for their potential *** EVI and VWC during the growing season were the primary factors influencing albedo. EVI and VWC were negatively correlated with albedo, with VWC's total direct and indirect impacts being slightly smaller than those of EVI. During the non-growing season, snow cover was the most influential factor on albedo. VWC and Ta negatively affected albedo throughout the year. We estimated the impact of variations in EVI and VWC on climate to be in the range of 0.004 to 0.113 kg CO2m-2yr-1in *** This study indicates the significant impacts of climate change and human disturbances on vulnerable grassland ecosystems from the perspective of altered albedo. Changes in vegetation greenness and soil properties induced by climate change and human activities may have a substantial impact on albedo, which in turn feedback on climate change, indicating that future climate policies should take this factor into consideration.

关键词： Albedo Global warming potential Grassland Disturbance

Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo Eric Cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

Spectrum quantification-based safety efficiency evaluation of autonomous vehicle under random cut-in scenarios

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第3期7卷 205-218页

作者： Jiang Chen Weiwei Zhang Miao Liu Xiaolan Wang Jun Gong Jun Li Boqi Li Jiejie Xu School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Shanghai Smart Vehicle Cooperating Innovation Center Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201805China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Continuous-scale trusted safety efficiency evaluation is crucial for the agile development and robust validation of autonomous vehicle *** the UN R157 Regulation evaluates automated lane-keeping system(ALKS)performance baselines through safe collision plots(SCPs)in various scenario clusters,quantifying the specific ALKS safety efficiency remains *** propose a spectrum quantification approach to evaluate the safety efficiency of autonomous vehicles in cut-in ***,we collected speed-distance data under different cut-in scenarios and extracted essential spectral features to indicate the vehicle motion parameters during the cut-in ***,by utilizing Fourier analysis,a spectral analysis model was built to quantify and analyze the vehicle motion characteristics,providing insights into scenario ***,we created approximate analytical equations for the normalized disturbance frequencies in the nonlinear response scenarios of autonomous driving systems by combining the SCP with a frequency spectrum analysis *** results showed that the normalized disturbance frequency in the cut-in scenario was approximately *** the relative longitudinal distance and speed of the vehicle are the same,if the cut-in speed of the cut-in vehicle is larger,the normalized disturbance frequency is higher,indicating that the cut-in process of the autonomous vehicle is more dangerous and may trigger a collision.

关键词： safety efficiency evaluation automated lane-keeping system(ALKS) cut-in scenario frequency quantify

Academic productivity correlates with industry earnings in foot and ankle fellowship programs in the United States:A retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 129-138页

作者： Albert T Anastasio Anthony N Baumann Kempland C Walley Kyle J Hitchman Conor O’Neill Jonathan Kaplan Samuel B Adams Department of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell UniversityLillingtonNC 27546United States

BACKGROUND The study investigates the connection between academic productivity and industry earnings in foot and ankle orthopedic surgery *** metrics like the H-index and Open Payments Database(OPD)data,it addresses a gap in understanding the relationship between scholarly achievements and financial outcomes,providing a basis for further exploration in this specialized medical *** To elucidate the trends between academic productivity and industry earnings across foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowship programs in the United *** This study is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between academic productivity and industry earnings of foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships at an individual faculty and fellowship *** productivity was defined via H-index and recorded from the Scopus *** earnings were recorded from the *** Forty-eight foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships(100%of fellowships)in the United States with a combined total of 165 physicians(95.9%of physicians)were *** individual physician(n=165)total life-time earnings reported on the OPD website was United States Dollar(USD)451430.30±1851084.89(range:USD 25.16-21269249.85;median:USD 27839.80).Mean physician(n=165)H-index as reported on Scopus is 14.24±12.39(range:0-63;median:11).There was a significant but weak correlation between individual physician H-index and individual physician total life-time earnings(P<0.001;Spearman’s rho=0.334)and a significant and moderate positive correlation between combined fellowship H-index and total life-time earnings per fellowship(P=0.004,Spearman’s rho=0.409).CONCLUSION There is a significant and positive correlation between academic productivity and industry earnings at foot and ankle orthopedic surgery fellowships in the United *** observation is true on an individual physician level as well as on a fellowship level.

关键词： Sunshine act Foot and ankle Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic fellowship Industry earnings